Physics of Biology

A Physics Perspective on Trial and Error Evolution and Intelligence

Authors: Eran Magshim Lavi
Comments: 10 Pages. Distributed under CC BY-NC 4.0

This article investigates the pivotal role of Energy in trial-and-error evolution (TAEE). I commence by discussing the Uncertainty principle, which introduces fundamental randomness to physical phenomena and imparts random variability to the TAEE (trial and error evolution). As Energy is the sole component of our Cosmos, the TAEE reflects in Energy and its changes: its exertion capabilities, storage, and ad hoc planning (of Energy exertion.) I then investigated TAEE as reflected in the emergence of intelligence. The Least action principle controls Energy movement in space-time; thus, intelligence emergence directly connects to structures' ability to use the Least action principle. For example, first-level nonintelligent structures (e.g., elementary particles, simple replicating molecules) cannot plan a path, and the Least action principle completely predetermines their infinitesimal movements. They cannot control their Energy exertion, store Energy, or plan ad hoc. After a long process of TAEE, intelligent structures emerged with advanced Energy control, robust Energy storage, and ad hoc planning, allowing complete ad hoc path planning and the ability to make unrestricted mid-course path adjustments. This progression underscores the intricate relationship between Energy dynamics, trial and error evolution, and intelligence evolution.
Category: Physics of Biology

Engineered Staphylococcus Aureus Enterotoxin C for Oral Adjuvant Use in T Cell-Based Immunotherapy

Authors: Hyunho Shin
Comments: 6 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Further speculation will not be accepted!)

Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins are potent superantigens known for inducing strong T cell activation, which can lead to cytokine storms and significant immune responses. Recent advancements in T cell-based cancer immunotherapies, including CAR-T cell therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors, highlight the potential role of modified superantigens as adjuvants to boost immune activation. This study proposes a modified version of Enterotoxin C (ENTC3), with targeted amino acid changes to reduce toxicity while retaining its immune-activating capabilities. By altering residues at positions 74, 145, and 149, T cell stimulation is anticipated to reduce by 30%, and emetic toxicity is expected to be eliminated. Additionally, as a foodborne toxin, Enterotoxin C’s stability under heat and digestion allows for potential oral administration, enhancing its applicability as an immune adjuvant with reduced invasiveness. Experimental work will involve expression, purification, and in vivo testing of the modified enterotoxin to evaluate T cell activation and safety, supporting its potential as an effective adjuvant in immunotherapy.
Category: Physics of Biology

Modification of Campylobacter Cytolethal Distending Toxin for Selective Targeting of PD-L1 Expressing Cancer Cells

Authors: Hyunho Shin
Comments: 8 Pages.

Cytolethal Distending Toxin (CDT), a tripartite exotoxin from Campylobacter jejuni, is known for inducing DNA damage and apoptosis. In this study, we engineered the A subunit (CDTA) to selectively target cancer cells by replacing its native binding region with anti-PD-L1 antibody sequences. Using sequence data from UniProt (CDTA: A1VXG4, PD-L1: Q9NZQ7), we identified and modified CDTA’s residues 129-140. Structural validation using AlphaFold 2 confirmed that these modifications retained CDTA’s structural stability and affinity for PD-L1, supporting its potential as a targeted cancer therapeutic. Future experimental steps include protein expression, purification, and cytotoxicity testing to confirm the toxin’s selective binding and apoptotic effects on PD-L1 positive cancer cells.
Category: Physics of Biology

Development of a Silk Fibroin Scaffold for Gingival Regeneration: Formulation, Efficacy Testing, and Expected Clinical Application

Authors: Hyunho Shin
Comments: 7 Pages.

Gingival recession, characterized by the apical migration of gingival tissue, leads to root exposure and subsequent complications such as sensitivity, root caries, and periodontal disease. Current treatment options, including tissue grafts and regenerative therapies, are limited by their invasiveness and inconsistent outcomes. This study proposes a silk fibroin scaffold infused with three growth factors (EGF, FGF, VEGF) and three adhesive proteins (laminin, fibronectin, osteonectin) to enhance gingival cell proliferation, attachment, and integration with the alveolar bone. The scaffold aims to promote natural gingival regeneration while providing structural support. The development process, efficacy testing, and expected clinical application of this novel gingival regeneration scaffold are outlined. This approach, if successful, could offer a safer, non-invasive, and cost-effective solution for treating gingival recession.
Category: Physics of Biology

[Speculation on a] Novel Approach for Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment: Inhibition and Degradation of Beta-Amyloid 42 Aggregates Using a Nasal Ultrasonic Nebulizer for Peptide Delivery

Authors: Hyunho Shin
Comments: 10 Pages.

This study proposes an innovative therapeutic approach for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) targeting the aggregation and clearance of the neurotoxic amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42) peptide. Utilizing computational design tools such as AlphaFold 2, we identified and optimized functional peptides capable of binding the hydrophobic C-terminal region of Aβ42 to prevent aggregation and promote degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). This non-invasive strategy envisions peptide administration through a nasal ultrasonic nebulizer, which could bypass the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and deliver peptides directly to the brain. The concept focuses on the potential of combining targeted peptide design with a delivery system that enables rapid, brain-specific absorption, presenting a novel direction for AD therapy.
Category: Physics of Biology

A Wonderful World Built from a Golden Balance Between Good Bacteria and Herpesviruses

Authors: Alexis Zaganidis
Comments: 9 Pages.

A very important concept for the evolution of a wonderful world, the "goodness" having survived to the "evilness" should be isolated , industrially grown, stimulated for a further evolution and finally released. Another important concept, Herpesviruses infecting human neural cells would enforce a large human brain diversity. A wonderful world could be built from a golden balance between the two concepts mentioned previously.
Category: Physics of Biology

A Bio-Technical Trick for the Ultra-Precise Detection of Infectious Airborne Viruses.

Authors: Alexis Zaganidis
Comments: 11 Pages.

Virology is at the crossroads of five frontiers : medicine, molecular biology, biochemistry, physics and human rights. In Western countries, the role of physics in virology is completely minimized while it plays the absolute greatest role. Interdisciplinarity is also of paramount importance in theoretical physics because of the quest for a unified theory between quantum fields and general relativity. Einstein’s theory is so powerful because it can very well formulate its own limits (one cannot go faster than the speed of light in all inertial frames). This incredible theoretical paradigm can also be developed in Virology. The first part and most important part of the present article is about a bio-technical trick for the ultra-precise detection of infectious airborne viruses. The second part of the present article is about the Theoretical Characteristics of the Omicron variant. The third part of the present article is about the Duality of the Omicron variant. And the fourth and least important part of the present article is about the Origin of the SARS-Cov-2 virus.
Category: Physics of Biology

A Model and Genomic Evidence of Imprinting DNA Sequence on Water Structure

Authors: Ivan V. Savelev, Michael M. Rempel, Alexandr V. Vikhorev, Oksana O. Polesskaya, Alexandr V. Vetcher, Richard Alan Miller, Max V. Myakishev-Rempel
Comments: 36 Pages.

A novel model is presented of DNA-water interactions within the cell nucleus, proposing a mechanism for continuous self-reorganization of water structures around DNA. The model suggests that DNA sequences may imprint information onto water through shifting layered structures, facilitating sequence-specific chromatin folding. A key feature of this model is the homologous sequence-specific adhesion of repetitive DNA elements, particularly transposons. In this process, two identical double-helical DNA sequences stick to each other in head to head orientation via transverse water layers, without unwinding or separating their strands. This adhesion is proposed to drive perpetual, dynamic chromatin refolding by pairing identical transposons to form large DNA loops and helices to form 30nm fibers and higher-order chromatin structures. The model postulates the existence of a chromatin code based on the positions of transposons in introns and intergenic sequences, offering a new perspective on the functional significance of these often overlooked genomic regions. Predictions based on this structural model were tested using genome sequence data, revealing specific patterns in purine sequence distribution and nucleotide homology that provide preliminary support for the model. This framework suggests novel functions for repetitive DNA sequences and proposes that sequence-specific chromatin refolding may serve as a mechanism for cellular sequence-guided information processing and self-regulation. While largely theoretical, the model generates testable predictions and suggests new directions for research. Several experimental approaches to validate the model are proposed, emphasizing the importance of in vivo studies or experiments closely mimicking nucleoplasm conditions. This work may have significant implications for understanding gene regulation, developmental biology and physiology, with potential applications in fields such as regenerative medicine and cancer research.
Category: Physics of Biology

Questioning Darwin-Malthusian Hypothesis: Remark on Critics to Darwin’s Evolutionary Process of History, from Ernst Cassirer to Jaroslav Flegr

Authors: Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 14 Pages. published in Octogon Mathematical Magazine, vol. 32, no. 1, 2024

As Rev. John Polkinghorne, the late professor of mathematical physics and priest, wrote:"The idea of a ready-made world was replaced by that of a creation so endowed by its Creatorwith potentiality that creatures could be allowed ‘to make themselves’ (Charles Kingsley)through the explorations of evolutionary process. The history of the world is to be understood as an unfolding act of continuous creation. Such a creation is a great good, but it has an inescapable shadow side for evolution results not only in great fertility but also in blind alleys and extinctions. Genetic mutation produces both new life forms and also malignancy, and one cannot have the one without the other. Theology can find here some help from science as it wrestles with the perplexities of natural evil and suffering." (cf. Polkinghorne, The University of Edinburgh, 2009). Notably several scholars have come up with differentarguments to criticize Darwin’s evolution theory, for instance Ernst Cassirer Vern Poythress with Interpreting Eden, and Jaroslav Flegr, with his book Frozen evolution, that is not the way it is, mr Darwin. The present review is intended to bring more arguments in particular from recent development of low-temperature physics and its connection to cosmology. (published in Octogon Mathematical Magazine, vol. 32, no. 1, 2024)
Category: Physics of Biology

The Origin of Life as Life Being the Most Involved with Fundamental Physics

Authors: Alexis Zaganidis
Comments: 5 Pages.

The origin of life can been seen as the first original anti-entropic engine with respect to a pressure-temperature reference. Therefore, under that theoretical paradigm, the chemolithoautotrophic bacteria are the best candidates by far for the origin of life. To have a more detailed description of the the origin of life, we consider the concept of "fungal catastrophe" from nuclear-biology and we also consider the many-worlds interpretation (MWI) with an almost infinitely large number of quantum parallel universes. In the present article, we will use many times the shorter designation "anti-entropic engine" instead of the longer designation "anti-entropic engine with respect to a pressure-temperature reference".
Category: Physics of Biology

What is Cancer?

Authors: Junichi Hashimoto
Comments: 9 Pages.

Relational physics, which I founded, is essentially a theoretical system in physics, but it is a theory of everything that can be applied to all other disciplines. In this paper, I attempted to apply the ideas about energy to medicine (cancer mechanisms) in order to establish new methods of treatment and prevention. Based on the numerical values of nerve pulses (electrical energy) generated in the human body, the various other factors that make up these pulses were also quantified, contributing to the derivation of the most rational model for protecting somatic cells from excessive pulse energy. It came to fruition as synaptic therapy. This study is unique in that it identified the root cause of cancer not in somatic cells but in cranial nerve cells, and elucidated its meaning in a holistic and comprehensive manner, intertwining it with cosmic and global organismic theory.
Category: Physics of Biology

Physics Source for Intelligence

Authors: Eran Magshim Lavi
Comments: 9 Pages. Distributed under CC BY-NC 4.0

In physics, Energy is the fundamental component of the Cosmos, integral to all processes and changes. Evolution, through trial and error, must adhere to the restrictions of the "Energy Conservation Principle," just like all other processes in space-time. The development of both nonintelligent and intelligent structures is driven by Energy changes, and the "Uncertainty Principle." Nonintelligent structures lack ad hoc planning. Through an extensive evolutionary process of trial and error, intelligent structures emerged from nonintelligent ones, gaining capabilities for advanced Energy exertion control, increasing Energy storage capabilities, ad hoc planning, and bypassing the "Least Action Principle."
Category: Physics of Biology

Novel Physical, Chemical and Nuclear Phenomena Driving and Driven by Neutrino Oscillations

Authors: Reginald B. Little
Comments: 23 Pages.

A new theory is further developed for internal nucleon, quark and gluon structures for understanding new solar neutrino interactions changing macroscopic matter, nanoparticles, molecules, atoms, nuclei, and nucleons. The theory determines that dynamical phenomena involving quantum fluctuations down to nuclei, nucleons, quarks, and gluons induce fractional reversible (FR) fissing and fusing of quarks and gluons nuclei and into surrounding electronic shells for activating stronger neutrino interactions for larger neutrino cross-sections. Also, such theory is described for understanding dimensionality and effects of dimensions of gluons-quark interactions. Proof of such solar neutrino driven phenomena occurring is given in earth’s atmosphere, earth’s core, earth’s lithosphere, earth’s biosphere and earth’s hydrosphere. The gallium induced graphene and diamond formations are catalytically explained by such neutrino interactions. Proton induced diamond is explained by such solar neutrino interactions. Proteins and ATP activations are explained by solar neutrino interactions for driving biomolecules for life on Earth. Life in Venusian clouds is rationalized by this theory of the author of solar neutrinos driving molecules in the clouds of Venus. The recently observed accelerations of cancer and bacterial cell growths on the International Space are explained by the solar neutrino interactions given by this theory. On the other hand, the recent observation of reversal of aging by submersion in ocean water is explained by the author’s dynamical neutrino interactions for driving biomolecules. Effects on life of elevating terrestrial life into orbit like International Space Station (ISS) are explainable by this introduced solar neutrino interactions with nuclei in the living organisms.
Category: Physics of Biology

Algebraic Model of Genetic Code and Biospin (In English)

Authors: Sergey Y. Kotkovsky
Comments: 32 Pages. English version of Russian paper viXra:2406.0163

Based on the algebra of biquaternions in isotropic basis, we have built a model of the DNA genetic code that describes nucleotides, doublets and triplets. Each nucleotide in this model is represented by its own biquaternion. Together, these four nucleotide biquaternions form the basis of the entire biquaternion space. The model justifies the grouping of triplets which are encoding the same amino acids. It is possible to trace direct correspondences between the algebraic structures of our model and the spin wave functions studied in quantum relativistic field theory. This suggests a special quantum-like nature of the structures of the genetic code. A new biquaternion representation of the Dirac equation is obtained, the establishment of connections with which allows one to see the chiral states in the DNA structure. The mathematical nature that characterizes the genetic code specifies a particular skew-symmetric type of noise immunity, which is based on the operation of parallel complementary channels of code implementation.
Category: Physics of Biology

Algebraic Model of Genetic Code and Biospin(Алгебраическая модель генетического кода и биоспин)

Authors: Sergey Y. Kotkovsky
Comments: 35 Pages. In Russian

Based on the algebra of biquaternions in isotropic basis, we have built a model of the DNA genetic code that describes nucleotides, doublets and triplets. Each nucleotide in this model is represented by its own biquaternion. Together, these four nucleotide biquaternions form the basis of the entire biquaternion space. The model justifies the grouping of triplets which are encoding the same amino acids. It is possible to trace direct correspondences between the algebraic structures of our model and the spin wave functions studied in quantum relativistic field theory. This suggests a special quantum-like nature of the structures of the genetic code. A new biquaternion representation of the Dirac equation is obtained, the establishment of connections with which allows one to see the chiral states in the DNA structure. The mathematical nature that characterizes the genetic code specifies a special skew-symmetric type of noise immunity, which is based on the operation of parallel complementary channels of code implementation.

На основе алгебры бикватернионов в изотропном базисе нами построена модель генетического кода ДНК, описывающая нуклеотиды, дуплеты и триплеты. Каждый нуклеотид в этой модели представлен своим бикватернионом. Вместе эта четвёрка бикватернионов нуклеотидов образует базис всего бикватернионного пространства. В рамках модели обосновывается группирование триплетов, кодирующих одни и те же аминокислоты. Можно проследить прямые соответствия между алгебраическими структурами нашей модели и спиновыми волновыми функциями, изучаемыми в квантовой релятивистской теории поля. Это даёт основание предположить особую квантово-подобную природу структур генетического кода. Приводится новое бикватернионное представление уравнения Дирака, установление связей с которым позволяет увидеть киральные состояния в структуре ДНК. Математическая природа, характеризующая генетический код, задаёт особый кососимметрический тип помехоустойчивости, в основе которой лежит работа параллельных взаимодополнительных каналов реализации кода.
Category: Physics of Biology

Plausible Photomolecular Effect and Microwave in Phase Transition of Water as a Newdawn for Renewable Energy and Ensemble-Holistic Approach to Health Management

Authors: Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 8 Pages.

Interaction among light and water molecules have baffled scientists for many decades, and even centuries. In this regards, photons in the visible spectrum, where bulk water normally doesn't absorb light, can surprisingly cleave off large water clusters from the water-vapor interface, according to a recent study by Tu and Chen (2023). This discovery, termed the "photomolecular effect," opens exciting possibilities for not only revolutionizing renewable energy but also paving the way for a more integrated-ensemble approach to health management (cf. Smarandache & Christianto, 2010; Tu &Chen, 2023; Tu et al., 2024). In a sense, other than with green or red LED, we can also introduce low intensity laser to alter water molecule, as we discussed earlier in this journal (cf. Christianto, Chandra,Smarandache, 2023a; 2023b).
Category: Physics of Biology

Theory of Solar Anti-Neutrinos Stimulating Clumped 13C in Biomolecules for Causing Cancer

Authors: Reginald B. Little
Comments: 3 Pages.

A mechanism for 13C causing cancer is further evidenced on basis of solar antineutrinos selectively stimulating 13C relative to 12C due to years of eating foods enriched in 13C like from C4 plants and years of exposure to solar antineutrinos with 5 MeV anti neutrinos selectively stimulating 13C for gamma emission and damage to surrounding DNA and proteins for cancer genesis. The cumulative effects of the enrichment of 13C in tissue from diet of the host and the years of bombardment with solar anti-neutrinos and low cross-sections of anti-neutrino interactions manifest logical patterns and rhythms for cancer genesis with aging in humans.
Category: Physics of Biology

Rotations of Electromagnetic Waves for Novel Chemical Dynamics: Decomposition of PAFS and Synthesis of BC8 Super-Diamond

Authors: Reginald B. Little
Comments: 5 Pages.

A new theory is given for the decomposition of PFAS and the formation of BC8 Super-diamond by application of RBL’s rotating magnetic field and static magnetic field for stimulating nuclei having nonzero nuclear magnetic moments (NMMs). The induced NMMs are proposed more readily in the 19F of PFAS due to large mass defect of 19F and the many C-F bonds per molecule. The superdiamond is reasoned to form with its body center cubic lattice with central carbon atom per cube due to the rotating magnetic field and resulting internal induced sp3 hybridization with more efficiency for the applied external pressure to be better used to compress the resulting sp3 carbon atoms to BC8 super-diamond.
Category: Physics of Biology

A Preliminary Investigation of Open-Ended Evolution in Two-Dimensional Discrete Dynamical Systems

Authors: Perry W. Swanborough
Comments: 15 Pages.

Open-ended evolution (OEE) of interacting elementary cellular automata (ECA) was studied by Alyssa Adams et al. (2017). Some instances of composite ECA systems incorporating state-dependent dynamics were shown to satisfy definitions of unbounded evolution (UE) and innovation (INN), facilitating OEE. As an exercise in the rigorous analysis of systems not larger than sufficient to establish universal requirements for OEE, the scope of the study was restricted to small one-dimensional systems (ECAs) in which the perturbation of one subsystem by one other was one-way only (from "environment", e to "organism", o), but the authors recognized that their conclusions should also be relevant to the richer dynamics of large systems of mutually interacting subsystems. In this study, I explore the potential of three mutually interacting hodge podge machines for OEE and recognize that study of OEE in such comparatively large systems is provisionally tractable only by assessment of INN, considered as a reliable UE/OEE indicator.
Category: Physics of Biology

"Neural Avalanches: Optimizing Neurodynamics, Network Formation, and Brain Development

Authors: Richard Murdoch Montgomery
Comments: 16 Pages.

Neural avalanches, characterized by cascading bursts of activity propagating across neural networks, are emerging as a fundamental phenomenon in brain function and development. This article explores the intricate relationship between neural avalanches and their role in optimizing neurodynamics, network formation, and information processing in the brain.Drawing from recent research findings, I delve into the criticality exhibited by neural avalanches, which put the brain at an optimal state for efficient information transmission and computational capabilities. The article examines how neural avalanches facilitate the formation of efficient neural networks through a process called "neuronal avalanche organizing" (NAO), where neurons participating in the same avalanches tend to wire together, leading to the emergence of functional neural circuits.Furthermore, I discuss the importance of moderate levels of D1 dopamine receptor activation in supporting avalanche dynamics. Appropriate D1 receptor activation helps maintain the balance between excitation and inhibition, regulating neural excitability and gain modulation, and contributing to synaptic plasticity mechanisms underlying network reorganization.Extending beyond neurodynamics and network formation, the article explores the pivotal role of neural avalanches in brain development. I try to elucidate how avalanche dynamics shape neural circuit formation, synaptic pruning, and refinement, as well as facilitate critical period plasticity and functional specialization of brain regions. Additionally, I highlight the contribution of neural avalanches to network integration and the emergence of higher cognitive functions and complex behaviors during development.By synthesizing current understanding and ongoing research, this article provides a comprehensive perspective on the intricate interplay between neural avalanches, neurodynamics, network formation, and brain development. It underscores the significance of this phenomenon in optimizing information processing, shaping neural architecture, and guiding the maturation of the brain's intricate circuitry.Word highlights: Neural avalanches, Criticality , Neurodynamics
Category: Physics of Biology

The 55-Entity Triangular Genetic Code Matrix and the 3 to 2 Ratio: the Genetic Code as a Geometric Algebra Biological System

Authors: Jean-Yves Boulay
Comments: 39 Pages.

From the table of the standard genetic code at 64 codons, 61 amino acids and 3 Stop signals, it is invested a reduced triangular matrix of the genetic code comprising just twice fifty-five entities. In relationship with number theory, many symmetrical and asymmetrical geometric sub-configurations of this triangular matrix show that the amino acids are distributed very singularly in various 3 to 2 value ratios according to the concept of their numbering, a concept recently introduced by the author in a published article.
Category: Physics of Biology

[plausible] Evidence of Matter of an Unknown and Dark Nature in Human Bodies

Authors: Franco Rizzoli
Comments: 4 Pages.

The article supports the [plausible] thesis that human bodies bear traces of genetic manipulation and are therefore not the result of simple Darwinian evolution.
Category: Physics of Biology

Topology of Saliva

Authors: Arturo Tozzi, James F. Peters
Comments: 8 Pages.

Physical properties like shape, volume and size affect the dynamics of biological systems. Along these lines, we focus on the topological properties of biological fluids and their biochemical and physiological outcomes. We take as a paradigmatic example the salivary fluid and describe how its topological features may affect the physiopathology of the oral cavity. Topological approaches assess the general properties of saliva, ignoring small-scale physical details such as density, flow rate, stiffness, viscosity. Specifically, the mucin aggregates scattered in the salivary fluid can be tackled in terms of topological holes, i.e., vortical clusters that modify the direction, flow, impulse, local rate-of-change and velocity of saliva. While the current methodological approaches are inclined to remove the effects of impurities assessing systems as homogeneous structures, we argue that the occurrence of mucins breaks up the salivary fluid’s homogeneity, leading to unexpected biophysical modifications. We suggest that every collected salivary sample is not reliable for accurate clinical and experimental investigation, since it displays highly local as well as variable chemical, physical and biological features, not reflecting the current physiological state of the oral cavity. Therefore, the assessment of a single salivary sample is not fully reproducible and cannot provide information about the biophysical, enzymatic and microbiological content of the whole saliva. In sum, the very topological features of the saliva - such as volume, shape, antipodal cells, vortex area, whirling fluid mass, segmentation, discretization, triangulation, node numbering - produce unnoticed biological consequences and network connectivity features with intriguing operational implications.
Category: Physics of Biology

Symmetry and Asymmetry of The Ultimate Genetic Code Matrix

Authors: Jean-Yves Boulay
Comments: 35 Pages.

From the table of the standard genetic code at 64 codons, 61 amino acids and 3 Stop signals, It is invested a simplified matrix of the genetic code comprising only twice twenty entities: the twenty canonical proteinogenic amino acids associated with only twenty DNA biplets. By this process, a singular organization of this matrix is highlighted in both symmetrical and asymmetrical arrangements. Also, the configurations of this matrix are organized in coincidence with the alphanumeric system introduced in a recent published article by the author. This compressed version of the genetic code is called "the ultimate genetic code matrix."
Category: Physics of Biology

Formulating a Mathematical Model for Living Systems

Authors: Nguyen Khanh Toan
Comments: 4 Pages.

Prigogine’s 1978 concept of dissipative structures, drawing parallels with living systems, forms the basis for exploring life’sunique traits. However, these identified similarities prove insufficient in capturing the entirety of life. To address this gap, ourproposed modeling approach emphasizes the distinctive ability of living organisms to observe other systems—an attributeintricately tied to quantum mechanics’ "measurement" processes, as highlighted by Howard Pattee. This article introduces acomprehensive mathematical model centered on quantum dynamical dissipative systems, portraying living systems as entitiesdefined by their observational capacities within this framework. The exploration extends to the core dynamics of these systemsand the intricacies of biological cells, including the impact of membrane potentials on protein states. Within this theoreticalstructure, the model is expanded to multicellular living systems, revealing how cells observe quantum dynamical systemsthrough protein state changes influenced by membrane potentials. The conclusion acknowledges the current theoreticalstatus of the model, underscoring the crucial need for experimental validation, particularly regarding the superposition state ofmembrane proteins under the influence of an electric field.
Category: Physics of Biology

Fractional Dynamics in Bioscience and Biomedicine and the Physics of Cancer

Authors: Hosein Nasrolahpour
Comments: 9 Pages.

Almost all phenomena and structures in nature exhibit some degrees of fractionality or fractality. Fractional calculus and fractal theory are two interrelated concepts. In this article we study the memory effects in nature and particularly in biological structures. Based on this fact that natural way to incorporate memory effects in the modeling of various phenomena and dealing with complexities is using of fractional calculus, in this article we present different examples in various branch of science from cosmology to biology and we investigate this idea that are we able to describe all of such these phenomena using the well-known and powerful tool of fractional calculus. In particular we focus on fractional calculus approach as an effective tool for better understanding of physics of living systems and organism and especially physics of cancer.
Category: Physics of Biology

Fractional Dynamics of Cancer Cells and the Future of Research in Biomedicine

Authors: Hosein Nasrolahpour
Comments: 7 Pages.

Following our previous works on fractional biophysical issues such as fractional dynamics of protein folding process and fractional dynamics of cancer cells and their branching processes, in this work we further develop these issues and propose a new fractional biomechanics of cancer cells. In this study we present some promising models for future studies in biomedicine, including constant and variable order fractional Maxwell and Kelvin—Voigt models to study the mechanics of cancer cells. We also emphasize that fractional calculus will play a vital and central role in the understanding of the complexities that occur when we deal with the phenomena and processes in the realm of bioscience and biomedicine and particularly in physics of cancer.
Category: Physics of Biology

Fractional Field Theory Approach to Protein Folding Dynamics

Authors: Hosein Nasrolahpour
Comments: 7 Pages.

Understanding biological complexity is one of the most important scientific challenges nowadays. Protein folding is a complex process involving many interactions between the molecules. Fractional calculus is an effective modeling tool for complex systems and processes. In this work we have proposed a new fractional field theoretical approach to protein folding. We have derived two coupled fractional partial differential equations that their solutions with specific boundary conditions and different values of the order of fractional derivative would describe and predict the possible contour of conformational changes for protein folding.
Category: Physics of Biology

Age, Amplitude of Accommodation and the Graphical Law

Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 22 Pages.

We look into the Age(in years) vs Amplitude of accommodation(in Diopters) of eye. We draw the natural logarithm of the age, normalised, starting with an amplitude of accommodation of an eye vs the natural logarithm of the the amplitude of accommodation of the eye, normalised. We conclude that the Age vs Amplitude of accommodation of eyes, can be characterised by a magnetisation curve of a Spin-Glass in the presence of an external magnetic field.
Category: Physics of Biology

Origin of Left- or Right-Handed Byl Cellular Automata Replicators: An Analogy for the CISS Theory of Biological Homochirality Origin

Authors: Perry W. Swanborough
Comments: 6 Pages.

Homochiral biology can be recognized as the outcome of an ancestral breaking of chiral symmetry which has subsequently propagated through a broadening range of descendant dynamic networks. Recently published research provisionally accounts for the establishment of biological homochirality by demonstrating that the chiral symmetry of ribo-aminooxazoline (RAO) in racemic solution is broken by exclusive adsorption of D-RAO, a precursor of RNA, on to a naturally-magnetized mineral surface (magnetite). This proposed mechanism in the prebiotic environment would allow for subsequent unidirectional propagation of homochirality through homochiral RNA to homochiral peptides (including enzymes) to homochiral metabolism. Noting these recent chemical and physical results, I show that an origin out of broken chiral symmetry and subsequent homochiral replication of the Byl cellular automata replicator (1989) can be seen as an analogy to the origin and propagation of biological homochirality.
Category: Physics of Biology

Gravitational and Rotational Entanglements of Nuclear Magnetic Moments for Nonlocal Biomolecular Recognition and Charging and Macro-Entanglement of Planetary Clouds

Authors: Reginald B. Little
Comments: 22 Pages. Novel Theory of entanglement of matter on subatomic and planetary sizes by Nuclear Magnetic Moments is developed further with details by Reginald B. Little.

Fermentative productions of amino acids are thought to retain homochirality. This work can propose rotational motions for accelerations by centrifugations during fermentative processes enrich heavier, stable isotopes of differing nuclear magnetic moments (NMMs) with consequent possibility of altered chirality and magnitude of rotating polarized light for altering chemical, physical and biological phenomena of such enantiomers. The author discovered gravity seeding homochirality. Thereby in this work, the author determined that altered gravity can change magnitude and direction of chirality. In this work, the changes in isotopes alter gravitational effects on metabolism of enantiomers in hosts eating fermentative produced amino acids. Cancer was determined from eating heavier isotopes from fermentative processes and cancer cells were reasoned in this work to be more affected as earth’s gravitational field is reduce by travel away from earth’s surface. Similarly accelerated motional and gravitational effects on isotopes in planetary atmospheres of Earth, Saturn, Jupiter, and Uranus by 14N, 15N, 1H, 3He, 13C and 17O was reasoned in this work to cause lightning. Such solvent of positive NMMs were reasoned by collisional exchange to accumulate and exchange charges in clouds and collisional exchange solute negative NMMs were reasoned to alter charge for production of leaders and streamers to induce lightning strikes. Lack of sufficient 13C and 17O in the CO2 of Venus’ atmosphere is explained in this work to mediate lack of charge accumulation and discharge for explaining lack of lightning on Venus. The lower temperature (-214 oC) and raining N2 (boiling temperature of -210 oC) in Neptune was reasoned in this work to strips 15N from the atmosphere of Neptune for explaining its lack of lightning despite its similar atmospheric composition but warmer (-193 oC) as Uranus. The charged 1H atmosphere of Neptune is thereby the basis for charging Neptune’s atmosphere and the author thereby explains the disappearance and reappearance of Neptune’s clouds by magnetic coupling of charged atmosphere of Neptune to Sun’s magnetic field.
Category: Physics of Biology

Consciousness and Afterlife in the Evolution of Intelligence

Authors: K. L. Senarath Dayathilake
Comments: 49 Pages.

To date, no scientific study has found reliable evidence of an afterlife; the mechanism of consciousness is two of the most challenging questions. Here, I show the hypotheses for consciousness and the probability of an afterlife through three simple thought experiments and theoretical evidence. I demonstrate the problems of consciousness, intelligence, and the brain's relationship with remaining neuroscience, physics, and psychology; and why new physics, psychology, and philosophy are needed to fulfill the gaps in research objectives. Furthermore, I discuss how and why I suggest significant probability of a continuum of consciousness - the afterlife. Findings show no alternatives other than the afterlife. In other words, I did not find different ways to discuss the results of those experiments yet. I show how and why new findings might help evolve well-being and make a better world.
Category: Physics of Biology

Relativistic Chiral Inversion of Non-Zero Nuclear Magnetic Moments During Centrifugal Industrial Fermentative Processes

Authors: Reginald B. Little
Comments: 15 Pages. This manuscript gives powerful theory from authors prior theory of nuclear magnetic moments for explaining range of phenomena from industrial fermentative productions to lack of lightning on Venus and Neptune and Neptune's disappearing clouds!

Fermentative productions of amino acids are thought to retain homochirality. This work proposes rotational motions for accelerations by centrifugations during fermentative processes enrich heavier, stable isotopes of differing nuclear magnetic moments (NMMs) with consequent altered chirality and magnitude of rotating polarized light for altering chemical, physical and biological phenomena. The author discovered gravity seeding homochirality. Thereby in this work, the author determined that altered gravity can change magnitude and direction of chirality. In this work, the changes in isotopes alter gravitational effects on metabolism in hosts eating fermentative produced amino acids. Cancer was determined from eating heavy isotopes from fermentative processes and cancer cells were reasoned in this work to be more affected as earth’s gravitational field is reduce by travel away from earth’s surface. Similarly accelerated motional and gravitational effects on isotopes in planetary atmospheres of Earth, Saturn, Jupiter and Uranus by 14N, 15N, 1H, 3He, 13C and 17O was reasoned in this work to cause lightning. Such solvent of positive NMMs were reasoned to accumulate and exchange charges in clouds and solute negative NMMs were reasoned to alter charge for streamers to induce lightning strikes. Lack of sufficient 13C and 17O in the CO2 of Venus’ atmosphere is explained in this work to mediate lack of charge accumulation and discharge for lack of lightning on Venus. The lower temperature (-214 oC) and raining N2 (boiling temperature of -210 oC) in Neptune was reasoned in this work to strips 15N from the atmosphere of Neptune for explaining its lack of lightning in spite of its similar atmospheric composition but warmer (-193 oC) as Uranus. Such internal charging of Neptunian’s atmosphere by the inability to discharge lightning by the author’s theory is a basis for stronger gravitomagnetic coupling of Neptune to the magnetic field of the Sun. The author thereby explains the disappearance and appearance cycle of Neptune’s clouds by gravitomagnetic coupling of charged clouds of Neptune to 11-year magnetic pole reversal of the Sun!
Category: Physics of Biology

The Biological Rule that Need to be Followed to Build the Martian Space Station Ecosystem

Authors: Zhengxi Wang
Comments: 7 Pages.

In this paper, the biological survival rule is described, based on which the cause of the failure of Biosphere 2 is analysed at the structural level to find solutions to the existing problems and guide biological practices in the future. The main cause of the failure of Biosphere 2 was that species were not introduced in classes, in order and in a step-by-step manner and not in sufficient time. A solution for establishing a biosphere involves step-wisely introducing species in the following order: prokaryotes, eukaryotes, plants, animals, and humans. The future Mars ecological engineering project should also adopt the above rule and follow the biological survival rule, starting from introducing prokaryotes and then simple eukaryotes to reproduce the process of biological evolution on Earth, which can also be applied to Lunar bases and space station.
Category: Physics of Biology

Targeting Cancer Cell Signaling Using Precision Oncology Towards a Holistic Approach to Cancer Therapeutics

Authors: Manish Kumar
Comments: 62 Pages. Pictures and other related data have been taken from sources freely available for reuse or permission for the same can be obtained upon request. Pictures no. 1 and 4 have been added to the text with permission from Elsevier. (Order No. 5521991271884).

Cancer is a complex disease having a number of composite problems to be considered including cancer immune evasion, therapy resistance, and recurrence for a cure. Fundamentally, it remains a genetic disease as diverse aspects of the complexity of tumor growth and cancer development relate to its genetic machinery and require addressing the problems at the level of genome and epigenome. Importantly, patients with the same cancer types respond differently to cancer therapies indicating the need for patient-specific treatment options. Precision oncology is a form of cancer therapy that focuses on the genetic profiling of tumors to identify molecular alterations involved in cancer development for custom-tailored personalized treatment of the deadly disease. This article aims to briefly explain the foundations and frontiers of precision oncology in the context of ongoing technological advances in this regard to assess its scope and importance in the realization of a proper cure for cancer.
Category: Physics of Biology

Systems of State Set-Permutated Langton Cellular Automata Replicators Compared with Systems of Byl Replicators

Authors: Perry W. Swanborough
Comments: 7 Pages.

Methods applied to the Byl cellular automata (CA) replicator (1989) which demonstrated strict homochirality and functional heterochirality of replication were applied to the earlier Langton CA replicator (1984). Langton replicators varying by state set permutations group into systems of two members each, replicating under a single system-specific cell state transition function. Notably, the Langton systems are smaller than the homochiral Byl replicator systems of three or four members. There are fundamentally two Langton systems distinguishable by the non-existence of permutation transforms which interconvert either one to the other, so in one sense there is non-trivial state-set permutation variation in the set of permutated Langton systems that does not exist in the set of permutated Byl systems.
Category: Physics of Biology

Covid-19: Lesson Learnt and Using Technology to Possibly Mitigate the Pandemic and Other Viral Infections

Authors: Bertrand Wong
Comments: 7 Pages.

Covid-19 has made its unexpected entrance into the world some time in late 2019 causing much fear, economic disasters, suffering and fatalities throughout the world. This paper examines the pandemic and introduces an aggressive intervention and strategy, for humanity should not let themselves be sitting ducks waiting for the virus to attack, and some possible technological methods for mitigating Covid-19 and other viral infections. [This important paper on saving lives is published in international public health journal.]
Category: Physics of Biology

Finger Temperature Fluctuations of a Covid-19 Patient

Authors: Wei Qiang
Comments: 6 Pages.

In recent years, studies have found that rapid temperature fluctuations can be observed by measuring and recording infrared temperature on different fingers even if the patient does not alternate between feeling hot and cold. After the COVID-19 epidemic spread widely in China, a similar result was also found in a COVID-19 patient: the infrared temperature on the ulnar side of the ring finger and the radial side of the little finger appeared to fluctuate with an amplitude greater than 0.5 degrees every minute. At this time, the temperature of other fingers (including the ulnar side of the little finger) fluctuated only slightly or did not fluctuate at all. In addition, as the condition changed, the aforementioned phenomenon disappeared, and the infrared temperature curve on the radial side of the thumb changed slowly and greatly, but the infrared temperature changes in the other fingers were much smaller. These phenomena are difficult to explain in terms of thrombus or changes in blood temperature/flow velocity. In contrast, it may be more reasonable to assume that the heat generated by Qi changes when the flow of Qi is obstructed.
Category: Physics of Biology

Spooky Senses

Authors: Clark M. Thomas
Comments: 6 Pages.

What do seemingly spooky senses have to do withother human senses and physics? We are talkingabout "objective ESP" that might be verified, notsubjective sensations beyond logical models.Sensory feedback loops are keys within evolution inall plants and animals, and part of life’s perpetualstruggle against entropy. Humans likewise utilizereal sensations beyond the usual five types. Otherlife forms have sensory abilities that seem ESP tous, but looked at closely are just part of their coresuite of tools. Objective ESP is one aspect of ourbetter understanding the nature and limits ofentanglement and supersymmetry.
Category: Physics of Biology

Systems of State-Set Permutated Replicators Walking Ergodically and Non-Ergodically in Permutation Space

Authors: Perry W. Swanborough
Comments: 14 Pages.

In this paper I describe collections of state-set permutated Byl replicators replicating under common state-transition functions as systems of replicators, and show that systems can be walked through a permutation space by replacement or deletion and addition of system members. By doing this, a process of homochiral replication systems exploring an "adjacent possible" is modelled. Ergodicity corresponds to the maximum possible number of replacements in a system at some or all steps, but assuming gradualism of system change by limiting the number of changes in each step to the minimum possible, walks within the comprehensive permutation space become restricted in range.
Category: Physics of Biology

Second Level Code of Life: Existence and Role of Protein Program

Authors: Bo Zhang
Comments: 19 Pages.

The traits of an organism are determined by DNA or RNA genetic information. Based on modern genetic theory, such determination path is from genetic information to proteins’ structures, proteins’ functions, then to traits or abilities of an organism. However, the microscopic activities of life molecules in many phenomena and functions of specific proteins are not well explained only by the structures of proteins and other life molecules.I propose a classification of rules that things operate in accordance with which includes rules of natural laws, rules of structures and rules of information codes. Then I infer a new concept model of life, namely, genetic program of genetic substance molecules that are the second level code of life, the inference is based on modern genetic theory and the concept of the three types of rules. Genetic program is carried and executed by genetic substance molecules including DNA, RNA and proteins and define certain rules of action of life. The protein program is now the mainstay of the genetic program. And the protein’s role as the information substance of life is examined in this paper on this account.The theory provides new perspective and justifications to explain activities of biomolecules and biological functions. I also give a new definition of life based on the concept of the genetic program: A life is a body that contains molecules carrying genetic program, at least one of the molecules haven’t lost the ability to execute its genetic program.
Category: Physics of Biology

Exobiological DNA 1bna based on Silicon

Authors: Ricardo Gobato, Abhijit Mitra, Sufia Zaman
Comments: 7 Pages.

The Silies has been investigated as a possible al-- the DNA double helix - sometimes doubles up again. Researchers have now found this quadruple-stranded form in healthy human cells for the first time. Speculate that the quadruplex structure forms to hold the molecule open and facilitate the reading of the genetic code and thus the production of proteins. G-quadruplex DNA is a four-stranded structure made that can form a ’knot’ in the DNA of living cells. In these terms, it was analyzed through computationalcalculations, via MM(Molecular Mechanics), and byab initio Restricted Hartree-Fock (RHF) method, on a simple STO-3G (Slater-type orbitals with 3 Gaussians) basis, the possibility of a DNA macromolecule based on Silicon. From the basic structure of 1bna, however, you assume conditions without the presence of Carbon, replacing it with Silicon. It was obtained a cluster of G-quadruplex DNA, forming a cocoon, with great possibility for the pharmaceutical industry in capturingmolecules foreign to human DNA.
Category: Physics of Biology

A Simple Claim About Teeth, Toothpaste, and Toothbrushes

Authors: Warren D. Smith
Comments: 2 Pages.

I think toothpastes ought to contain abrasives with Mohs hardness strictly between 4 and 5 so that brushing your teeth will get rid of tartar and plaque without damaging your tooth enamel. But as of 2023 toothpaste-makers do not do that.
Category: Physics of Biology

Photophosphorylation Generates Evolutionarily Compromised Adenosine Triphosphate With a Central Role in Energy Transduction to Operate Open Systems (In Spanish)

Authors: Alfred Bennun
Comments: 21 Pages. (Correction made by viXra Admin - Please conform!)

La investigación pionera en la estructura y función de los sistemas de membranas enzimáticas, que están acopladas a fuentes de energía, podría eludir el principio de reversibilidad microscópica y permitir la emergencia-desarrollo de un mecanismo de cinética vectorial. La investigación sobre el mecanismo de los sistemas acoplados implicó el aislamiento de CF1-ATPasa purificada y la reconstitución de fotofosforilación por adición a la membrana residual, conteniendo los fotosistemas I y II. Adicionalmente, se obtuvo el desacoplamiento y reconstitución de las ATPasas dependientes de la luz (light-dependent) y activadas por la luz (light-triggered) en un porcentaje similar a la reconstitución de la fotofosforilación con la membrana residual. La enzima aislada y luego purificada también se investigó como una enzima funcional oscura mediante activación hasta tripsina o tratamiento térmico. Además, se investigaron los requisitos del mecanismo del modelo, que requiere un nivel de física microscópica y/o mecánica cuántica para demostrar una participación en la transducción de energía. Este enfoque involucró los vínculos con los estados de excitación y los mecanismos de los fotosistemas I y II descriptos por muchos otros investigadores. La interpretación de modelos utilizando el mecanismo de ruptura de puentes de H en la configuración del potencial de acción de masas por la alta molaridad del cúmulo de agua permitió un desplazamiento lejano del equilibrio, funcional al sistema abierto, asegurando la irreversibilidad del sistema completo. Se propusieron moléculas de agua que carecen de puentes de H para actuar como portadores disipadores de entropía. Los mecanismos homeostáticos de temperatura se aplicaron para el cerebro humano. Independientemente de las diferentes propuestas, se enfatiza que se ajustan los requisitos para operar la vida como un sistema abierto. La propuesta de implicar en un rol general de la transición de estado del agua en lugar de describir específicamente cada reacción conduce a evaluar el potencial disipativo del clúster de agua (H2O)n para interactuar con las asimetrías hidrofílicas (para entalpía) vs hidrofóbicas (para entropía), y restringir la aleatoriedad (caos) al dar unicidad al sentido cinético. Así, interpretar su acción como si constituyera un solo pico, consolidando su rol operativo como energía de activación (Ea). Las capas de hidratación podrían actuar en secuencia como un potenciador difuso de contribución específica para obtener Ea de la totalidad del sistema, incluso como entrada en varios picos que activan secuencialmente estados de transición. (Truncated to < 400 words by viXra Admin)
Category: Physics of Biology

El Cerebro Estructura Los Niveles de Micro a Nano Del Espacio-Tiempo en su Funcionamiento Como un Sistema Termodinámico Abierto
the Brain Structures the Micro to Nano Levels of Space-Time as it Functions as an Open Thermodynamic System

Authors: Alfred Bennun
Comments: 161 Pages. In Spanish, 18 figures, 1 table

El efecto Doppler podría aplicarse a la conectividad neuronal direccional que implica un cambio en la frecuencia ν±Δν de la onda que se mueve en relación con la fuente de la onda, actuando sobre el distanciamiento del circuito neuronal. El orbital 1s del átomo de hidrógeno permite que el espín del electrón suba y baje para emitir a 18 cm del radical hidroxilo y 21 cm de hidrógeno atómico, que combinados forman agua.Esta línea espectral más fuerte del hidrógeno, presente en la Edad Oscura y detectada por radioastronomía desde las galaxias primordiales. Es también emitida por el agua de todos los tejidos, médicamente aplicada para estudios cerebrales, por resonancia magnética (MRI). Por lo tanto, una imagen oscilante del efecto Doppler de la dinámica de distanciamiento-acortamiento permite la conectividad neuronal por sus frecuencias de espectro de emisión.Por lo tanto, el ensayo de coherencia a escalas nanométricas o termodinámica de distanciamiento, equivalente a la fuerza de plasticidad del movimiento neuronal para la conectividad eléctrica. Por lo tanto, su medida de interpretación era equivalente al diálogo (crosstalk) entre neuronas y su elucidación se convirtió en un análogo a una sincronización a un nivel quántico (Truncated by viXra Admin)

The Doppler effect could be applied to directional neural connectivity that implies a change in the frequency ν±Δν of the moving wave relative to the source of the wave, acting on the distancing of the neural circuit. The 1s orbital of the hydrogen atom allows the electron spin to bob up and down to emit 18 cm of the hydroxyl radical and 21 cm of atomic hydrogen, which combined form water.This stronger spectral line of hydrogen, present in the Dark Ages and detected by radio astronomy from primordial galaxies. It is also emitted by the water of all tissues, medically applied for brain studies, by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Thus, an oscillating Doppler shift image of the distancing-shortening dynamics enables neural connectivity by their emission spectrum frequencies.Therefore, the assay of coherence at nanometer scales or distancing thermodynamics, equivalent to the force of plasticity of neuronal movement for electrical connectivity. Therefore, its interpretation measure was equivalent to the dialogue (crosstalk) between neurons and its elucidation became an analogue to a synchronization at a quantum level.
Category: Physics of Biology

A Comprehensive Identification of Coexisting Cellular Automata Replicators Varying by State-Set Permutations.

Authors: Perry W. Swanborough
Comments: 7 Pages.

A study to determine state-set permutated replicators of opposite handedness coexisting with John Byl’s 1989 replicator subsequently suggested the task of identifying the comprehensive set of all left- and right-handed state-set permutated replicators coexisting with the Byl replicator. This work reports the lists of both left- and right-handed state-set permutated replicators coexisting with replication of the original Byl structure replicating under Moore state-transition rules, and as such supplements previous work described in viXra:2101.0075 and viXra:2107.0172.
Category: Physics of Biology

The Cosmos Thermodynamics Axis Manifests Decoherence That Integrates Into a Multi-level Space-metrics for Coherence for Brain Function

Authors: Alfred Bennun
Comments: 74 Pages. 18 figures, 1 table

The Doppler shift could be applied to directional neuronal connectivity involving change in frequency ν±Δν of wave that is moving relative to the wave source, acting over neuronal circuit distancing. The 1s orbital of the hydrogen atom allows the electron spin-flip up and down to emit radio emission at 18cm from hydroxyl radical and 21cm atomic hydrogen, which combined form water. This strongest spectral line of the hydrogen, present in the Dark Ages and by radio astronomy detected from primordial galaxies, is emitted by the water of all tissues, medically applied for brain studies, by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Hence, a Doppler Effect imaging of the distancing dynamics allows neuronal connectivity by their emission spectrum frequencies. Hence, the assay of nano scales coherence or distancing thermodynamics, equivalent to the plasticity strength of neuronal movement for electric connectivity. Therefore its interpreting measure an equivalent of crosstalk between neurons and its elucidation became an analog to a translation of this unknown process. The transmembrane enzymes generate the enthalpy, coupled to the metabolism of glucose and water cluster. The products CO2 and water as vapor are exhaled at the mouth as entropy. This integrative model allows a joint perspective of multiple layers of the reality, conditioned by scale dimension. Thus, the metrics of the quantum mechanics realm could show the locals frames for superposition of space and simultaneity. The brain thermodynamics relationship between inputs of glucose and the enthalpy process of metabolic energy (heat), coupled homeostatically at 36.6℃ to water cluster H-bond breakdown, which in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in microtubules could circulate in a liquid state as dimers (H2O~OH2) to dissipate entropy as vapor in the oral cavity. The multi-layers at neuron scale manifest spin in antenna role to signal connectivity for axon, dendrites, microtubules and tunneling. Myelinated space is a thermodynamic closed system, which eventually tends to equilibrium between enthalpy and entropy in which free energy cannot produce work. At a myelinated axon the Nodes of Ranvier "jumps" from node to node operate the unmyelinated stretches as a nano open space-time system. Quantic thermodynamic allows a repetitive sequence at the nano level of close to open, close to open, close u2026 Hence, a maximal value of enthalpy is conserved and entropy became dissipated outside the system, maintaining the action potential level in steady state. (Truncated by viXra Admin to < 400 words)
Category: Physics of Biology

Numbering of the Twenty Proteinogenic Amino Acids

Authors: Jean-Yves Boulay
Comments: 40 Pages.

By proposing a numbering of the twenty proteinogenic amino acids deduced from the physicochemical properties of the four coding DNA nucleobases, it is established that this amino acid number, equal to 5x entities, is not arbitrary. Indeed, we demonstrate that many attributes of these twenty amino acids, as a whole, are also 5x in number and that by isolating, since their numbering, the 3x peripheral amino acids from the 2x internal ones, these attributes are divided into ratios of 3/2 as exact value. This is verified both as the physicochemical properties of the 20 amino acids and as the coding configurations of the nucleobases, the source of this numbering.
Category: Physics of Biology

Neurons and Electromagnetic Waves

Authors: Zuodong Sun
Comments: 13 Pages.

Based on the potassium channel "origami windmill" model, and the conservation law of cell membrane area and ion inequality equation of based on the potassium channel "origami windmill" model, and Maxwell's electromagnetic theory, it is theoretically proved that neurons can generate electromagnetic waves. The electromagnetic wave is an energy wave, never disappear. The neurons are equivalent to the built-in antennas of the brain, and information transmission between neurons is conducted wirelessly. The material basis for neurons to generate electromagnetic waves is the result of the exchange of cations on the inner surface of the cell membrane, especially Na+ and K+； The essence of consciousness should be electromagnetic wave. The conclusion that "neurons can produce electromagnetic waves" overturns the view that "electricity→chemistry→electricity" conducts information between neurons, and provides theoretical support for humans to finally solve the mysteries of the brain. At the same time, seven falsificationist methods are given. The brain is a huge gold mine, and it is too important to crack the mystery of the brain. It should be a joint operation of "multiple arms". It should not only be the work of brain scientists, but also the participation of physicists, chemists and mathematicians.
Category: Physics of Biology

A Dictionary of Zoology by Michael Allaby and the Graphical Law

Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 19 Pages.

We study A Dictionary of Zoology, the fourth edition, by Michael Allaby from the Oxford University Press. We draw the natural logarithm of the number of head entries, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the Dictionary can be characterised by BP(4, $beta H=0.01$), i.e. the Bethe-Peierls curve in the presence of four nearest neighbours and little external magnetic field, $beta H= 0.01$. $beta$ is $frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature and $k_{B}$ is the tiny Boltzmann constant.
Category: Physics of Biology

Physics of Virus: The Special Case of Novel Coronavirus

Authors: Hosein Nasrolahpour
Comments: 5 Pages.

In this short note we consider a possible application of fractal theory and fractional dynamics inthe physics of virus. In particular, we investigate the special case of novel Coronavirus. Wediscuss about some physical characteristics of this virus, we emphasize on the decreasing fractaldimension of virus as a powerful strategy for a possible nanodrug design and finally we present afractional modified model to the dynamical model of transmission of this virus.
Category: Physics of Biology

Oxford Dictionary of Biology by Robert S. Hine and the Graphical law

Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 24 Pages.

We study Oxford Dictionary of Biology, the eighth edition, by Robert S. Hine. We draw the natural logarithm of the number of entries, head as well as all, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the Dictionary can be characterised by BP(4, $beta H=0.01$), i.e.the Bethe-Peierls curve in the presence of four nearest neighbours and little external magnetic field, $beta H= 0.01$. $beta$ is $frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature and $k_{B}$ is the tiny Boltzmann constant.
Category: Physics of Biology

The Covid-19 Pandemic

Authors: Bertrand Wong
Comments: 6 Pages.

Covid-19 has made its unexpected entrance into the world some time in late 2019 causing much fear, economic disasters, suffering and fatalities throughout the world. This paper suggests a more aggressive intervention and strategy, for humanity should not let themselves be sitting ducks waiting for the virus to attack, and some possible methods for stopping Covid-19 in its path. (Expanded & Updated)
Category: Physics of Biology

Does Replication in Cellular Automata Spaces Always Correspond to Broken Symmetries?

Authors: Perry W. Swanborough
Comments: 10 Pages.

The Noether theorem establishes that symmetries in physics correspond to conservation laws, and therefore contra-positively that un-conserved quantities correspond to broken symmetries. This theorem was not established for dynamic systems in discrete space and discrete time, but the author in previous work has observed that replication of published cellular automata (CA) loop structures corresponds to chiral asymmetries. The work described here shows that replication of a different kind of CA replicator (the HighLife replicator of Nathan Thompson, 1994) corresponds to loss and restoration of a line of symmetry in each replication cycle. In addition to my past observations of loop replication chirality, the broken symmetry observed in the achiral replication of the achiral Thompson replicator suggests a hypothetical general principle of a correspondence between replication observed as an un-conserved (increasing) number of replicator instances and a range of broken symmetries. The paper concludes with some speculation about the possible relevance of simple CA replicators to proto-biology.
Category: Physics of Biology

Wilyman Report on Vaccines: How do we Handle the next Pandemic, Small, Large or ‘Predicted’?

Authors: Edward J Steele
Comments: 13 Pages.

Censorship and Active Suppression of Science and Medicine: Censorship exercised on scale during the Covid-19 pandemic has actively suppressed the wide circulation of legitimate scientific inquiry, critical analysis and discussion. Together with the vaccination failure itself, as foreshadow by Judy Wilyman, the officially sanctioned censorship is now the No.1 issue of our time. It has involved the lockstep behaviour of BigPharma, main stream media, BigTech, governments, peak medical, scientific and public health authorities. How did this happen? What are the well spring roots of this extraordinary co-ordinated active suppression of legitimate alternative viewpoints and data analysis in science and medicine?
Category: Physics of Biology

A Protein Hydrophilic Active Site Could by Mutual Exclusion Became Hydrophobic, Allowing This Vectorial Transition to Bypass the Microscopic Reversibility Principle

Authors: Alfred Bennun
Comments: 22 Pages. 9 figures

Prigogine proposed a coupling between larger sources of enthalpy to allow an open system to operate life. The sun flow of energy is coupled to water cluster thermogenic breakdown of H-bonds to vapor. The position of proline in a polypeptide chain allows sliding between segments, in the tertiary folding structure response to electrostatic attractions, could differentiate positive vs negative domains. Thus, bypass the microscopic reversibility principle, illustrated as a single door, vectorial kinetic only made possible by the jokingly Maxwell proposed operator demons. The physiological function of Hb oxygenation by pO_2 shows a microscopic thermogenesis biological vector, functioning by the enthalpy potential of the large mass action of surrounding air and releasing entropy. The mechanism shows the H-bonds breakdown required for changes in the structure-function levels by the proline mediated folding. The tense (T) to relax (R) forms shows vectorial microscopic dynamics, during Hb oxygenation. Thus involves a sliding by H-bonds breakdown, distancing between subunits β_2 and α_1. Thus, open a larger entrance to a fully hydrated Mg^2+ to coordinate amphoteric and negative R groups characterizable to a hydrophilic site. The transition of R to T allows positive R groups to bind 2,3-DPG to form deoxyHb. Thus, a microscopic smaller entrance by decreasing its opening size does not allow entrance of the fully hydrated Mg2+, but allow the exit of nitric oxide (NO) and a poorly hydrated Mg^2+, denominated nascent. This one acts for competitive hydration sieving on the shells of Na+, which in terms take water from the K+ shell, potentiating a K+/Na+-translocation operating the electrogenic transmembrane potential. The deoxygenation in the reverse transition of R to T binds NO, protecting against a premature decrease of the chromosome’s telomeres size by stressing factors such as depression, anxiety and physic traumatisms, over endothelial cells delaying premature senescence. The arginine metabolism produces NO, dilating blood vessels, improving the circulatory systems and the muscular recovery-development. A diet rich in arginine by producing a high sustainable level of NO may prevent the resistance to treatment by the consolidation of large vascular masses. The H-bonds donor potential by their breakdown leads to randomness (or entropy) decreasing the kinetic energy of solvation, scaling down the polarity on the thermogenic dissipation of oxy vs deoxyHb and choroid plexus epithelium on plasma generation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The enthalpy of photosynthesis-metabolism releases CO_2, whereas the water cluster mediated thermostatic function releases vapor. In both systems, the entropy release maintains a high potential of enthalpy. Hence, overcomes the thermic and electric noises by an irreversible dissipative kinetics, facilitating a clear development of a meditative level of reasoning and learning. Thus, the brain acquires an autonomous function, beyond behavioral genetic conditioning.
Category: Physics of Biology

Living Cell’s Feeling of Holes: The Mathematics of Cavities in Biophysical Structures

Authors: Arturo Tozzi
Comments: 10 Pages.

Mechanical properties such as shape, volume and size affect the dynamics of biological systems. Most of the current methodological approaches are inclined to remove the existence of holes and impurities from systems’ description, regarding them as routes toward mechanical failure. On the contrary, we suggest that the occurrence of holes might be of utmost functional importance, allowing reversible transformations of cellular structures. The focus here is on the widespread occurrence of intracytoplasmic holes, that deeply modifies the topology of living cells and provides researchers with novel operational tools to investigate intracellular dynamics. We take as example the prokaryotic gas vesicles, i.e., intracellular cavities filled with gases spreading from the nearby medium. The mechanical and topological cellular properties dictated by intracytoplasmic holes are investigated, focusing on the physical constraints imposed by their very existence. For instance, the presence of gas vesicles breaks the cytoplasmic homogeneity, leading to inhomogeneity in functional activities and modifications in intracellular flows. Also, a topological approach to cytoplasmic holes suggests novel physiological roles for gas vesicles. For example, the gas vesicles’ ability to increase/decrease cellular volumes provides a mechanism that counteracts the detrimental effects of the surface/volume ratio. In conclusion, a structural/methodological approach based on the occurrence of holes testifies once again how the simple biophysical structure alone can dictate the function.
Category: Physics of Biology

Photophosphorylation Generates Atp Committed by Evolution to a Central Role in Energy Transduction to Operate Open Systems

Authors: Alfred Bennun
Comments: 19 Pages. 9 figures, 4 tables.

Pioneering research in the structure and function of enzyme membrane systems, which are coupled to energy sources, could bypass the microscopic reversibility principle, and allow the emergence-development of a mechanism for vectorial kinetics. The research on the mechanism of coupled systems involved the isolation and reconstitution of the purified CF1-ATPase with the residual membrane. Photophosphorylation involves coupling with photosystem I and II, which by uncoupling show a light-dependent and light-triggered ATPases. The isolated and then purified enzyme was also investigated as a dark functional enzyme by activation through to trypsin or heat treatment. In addition, were investigated the requirements of model mechanism, which requires microscopic physics or/and quantum mechanics level to demonstrate an energy transduction participation. This approach involved the links to the excitation states and mechanisms of photosystem I and II discovered by many other investigators. The interpretation of models using the mechanism of H-bond breakdown in the configuring of the mass-action potential by the high molarity of the water cluster allowed a faraway displacement of equilibrium to the parameter ensuring irreversibility of the system. H-bond lacking molecules of water were proposed to act as dissipative carriers of entropy. However, homeostatic temperature mechanisms could be developing for brains, which are under discussion. Independently of different proposals it is emphasized that fit requirements to operate life as an open system. The proposal to implicate in an overall general role of the state transition of water rather than described specifically every reaction lead to evaluate the dissipative potential of water cluster (H2O)n to interact with the hydrophilic vs hydrophobic asymmetries, which restrict randomness of in the singleness of kinetic sense. Thus, interpret its action as if it constitutes a single peak, consolidating its operative role as is activation energy (Ea). The hydration shells could in sequence act as a diffuse enhancer of specific contribution to obtain Ea of the totality of the system even as an input into several peaks that sequentially activate transition states. Hence, changes in dipole state, sliding, pKa, n-H-bonds, etc., could become concatenated for vectoriality. (H2O)n by the loss of H-bonds coupled with the hydration turnover of proteins and ions to result in incomplete water cluster (H2O)n*, with a lower-n. (H2O)n* became a carrier of heat/entropy. The beta-scintillator batteries using Sr-89 and Sr-90 allow night agriculture and contribute to the Mars colonization projects.
Category: Physics of Biology

Integration of Bioinspired Artificial Channels for the Concept Design of an Artificial Kidney Device

Authors: A. Alayoud
Comments: 23 Pages.

Recently, there has been a great interest in the possible applications of synthetic transporters that mimic the structures and functions of natural ion channels for liquid separations, water purification, and biosensing. Here we propose, for the first time, the use of selective polymer membranes incorporated by synthetic artificial carriers combined with existing dialysis technologies to create a synthetic nephron. Consistent with renal physiology, the proposed system has 3 distinct sections, replicating the glomerular filtration and tubular functions (secretion and reabsorption) and may represent a breakthrough in renal replacement therapy based on the functioning of native kidneys. Thus, this design can be used to manufacture a dialysis machine, with technical features capable of allowing dialysis treatment without ultrapure water or concentrate.
Category: Physics of Biology

The Axon: Restructuring Waves and Electrical Currents

Authors: Lev I. Verkhovsky
Comments: 7 Pages.

An article “The Brain, Reimagined,” by Douglas Fox (Sci. Am.,v.27, No 3, Fall 2018) concerns work by physicists T. Heimburg and A.D. Jackson, who argue that signals in neurons are conveyed by mechanical waves of expansion and contraction of the cell membrane rather than by electrical spikes, or action potentials, as described by the Huxley-Hodgkin theory. But the chief provisions of this theory are firmly established. Hypothesis on the honeycomb structure of the lipid biomembrane by Dr. R.-H.N. Mikelsaar makes it possible to remove the contradictions between these two concepts.
Category: Physics of Biology

The Honeycomb-like Biomembrane and Bioprotonics

Authors: Lev I. Verkhovsky
Comments: 7 Pages.

The hypothesis of Dr Raik Mikelsaar (Tartu) about the honeycomb-like structure of the lipid layer of biomembranes is briefly presented. Then the author of the article considered some possible consequences of it in bioenergetics and other aspects.
Category: Physics of Biology

Overview SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic as January 2022: Cometary Origin, Global Spread, Prospects for Future Vaccine Efficacy

Authors: E. J. Steele, R. M. Gorczański, R. A. Lindley, P. R. Carnegie, H. Rebhan, S. Al-Mufti, D. H. Wallis, G. Tokoro, R. Temple, A. Nimalasuriya, G. A. Howard, M. A. Gillman, M. Wainwright, S. Coulson, P. Slijepcevic, M. K. Wallis, N. C. Wickramasinghe
Comments: 23 Pages.

As the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is nearing its eventual end we focus on what we believe are two key omissions from the mainstream scientific literature and which have significant implications for how mankind manages the next global pandemic. We review data, observations and conclusions from our papers published 2020 and 2021 on its likely cometary origin and global spread. We also revisit the superior effectiveness of intra-nasal vaccines against respiratory tract pathogens. While these two oversights seem disparate, together they provide us with new insights into our collective awareness of how we might view and address the next global pandemic. We begin with our hypothesis of its likely cometary origin via a bolide strike in the stratosphere on the night of October 11 2019 on the 40o N line over Jilin in NE China. Further global spread most likely occurred via prevailing wind systems transporting both the pristine cometary virus followed by continuing strikes from the same primary source as well as prior human passaged virus transmitted by person to person spread and through contaminated dust in global wind systems. We also include a discussion of our prior work on data relating to vaccine protective efficacy. Finally we review the totality of evidence concerning the likely origin and global spread of the predominant variants of the virus ‘Omicron’ (+ Delta mix?) from early to mid-December 2021 and extending into the first week January 2022. We describe the striking data showing the large numbers of infectious cases per day and outline the scale of what appears to be a global pandemic phenomenon, the causes of which are unclear and not completely understood. We discuss a number of mechanisms and explanations for this striking coo-ordinated global phenomenon. We conclude with an optimistic note for mankind. Given our prior knowledge on the effectiveness against respiratory tract pathogens of mucosal immunity involving induction of dimeric secretory IgA antibodies, we consider the recently published intra-nasal vaccine data from laboratories based at the University of California, San Francisco and, independently at Yale University, holds great promise for the future development of both pan-specific and specific immunity against future pandemics caused by suddenly emergent respiratory pathogens, whether viral and bacterial.
Category: Physics of Biology

The Quantum Motion of the Nerve with an Interstitial Defect

Authors: Miroslav Pardy
Comments: 7 Pages. Original article

We consider the nerve as the elastic string, the left end of which is fixed at the beginning of the coordinate system, the right end is fixed at point l and mass m is fixed between the ends of the string. We determine the classical and the quantum vibration of such system. The quantum motion is obtained by the so-called non-conventional oscillator quantization method by author. The proposed model can be also related in the modified form to the problem of the Moessbauer effect, being the recoilless nuclear resonance uorescence, which is the resonant and recoil-free emission and absorption of gamma radiation by atomic nuclei bound in a solid. (Mossbauer,1958). It is not excluded that our oscillator quantization of the string can be extended to generate the new way of the string theory of matter and physiology of nerves.
Category: Physics of Biology

Development of a Two-Dimensional Replicator from a Single Non-Quiescent Cell in Cellular Automata Space

Authors: Perry W. Swanborough
Comments: 7 Pages.

Two hard problems in the origin of life question are identification of the structure of biology’s ancestral replicator(s), and the emergence of replicators from a prebiotic environment. In the discipline of cellular automata (CA), not all CA abstractions of replication include any origin pathway to the replicating structures. In this work, an origin for the J. Byl (1989) CA replicator from an isolated non-quiescent cell is described. This origin pathway requires introduction of one oriented state and three other states, all of which permanently disappear from the subsequent replication process. Origin of the replicator and subsequent replication display three sequential and spatially-expanding domains of counter-clockwise rotation: the oriented state of a single cell rotates as the first replicator structure develops around it, followed by rotation of the 2x2 cell information loop as a replication cycle proceeds, and in subsequent cycles of replication, orientation of a parent replicator also rotates counter-clockwise as directions of replication are successively blocked by the replicator’s children.
Category: Physics of Biology

Evolutionary Elongation of Purine Stretches in the Genome and Their Possible Role in Resonance Signaling

Authors: Ivan Savelev, Anton Klimov, Alexander Samchenko, Lev Shishkin, Liliya Yulmetova, Oksana Polesskaya, Vitalina Bashinskaya, Alexander Voronka, Alexander Vetcher, Richard Alan Miller, Alena Naumova, Max Myakishev-Rempel
Comments: 8 Pages.

The concept of electromagnetic signaling in biological tissues has been around almost since Hertz's experiment proving the existence of electromagnetic waves. Although electromagnetic signaling would better explain the speed and precision of the work of the genome and coordination between the cells than chemical signaling, molecular mechanisms and experimental evidence for it are insufficient. Recently, we proposed that DNA, being the central program of life and a very stable substance, is directly involved in electromagnetic signaling and that its sequences harbor sequence-dependent electromagnetic oscillators. We also proposed two types for sequence-dependent electromagnetic oscillation - the ones that include delocalized negative and positive charges. The first type is proposed to occur in purine stretches in DNA, i.e. stacks of purine bases (A and G) with electron clouds delocalized within stacked aromatic rings. Here, we utilized the public data on genetic variations in genomes of several biological species to test the evolutionary pressure on the length of purine stretches. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) replacing a purine with pyrimidine would disrupt the purine stack and the corresponding delocalized electron cloud and thus impact its oscillation frequency. As a result, it was demonstrated that there is a consistent evolutionary pressure towards the elongation of purine stretches in the genomes of the human and all other tested species. Additional analysis demonstrated that this pressure is independent of the bias caused by unequal chemical nucleotide lability and is therefore genuinely caused by the functional evolutionary advantage of longer purine stretches. This offers additional support for the proposed mechanisms of electromagnetic signaling in the genome.
Category: Physics of Biology

Quantum Information, Tesla waves and Biofields: Part II

Authors: Lucian M Ionescu
Comments: 35 Pages. Presentation held at the Tesla Extraordinary Conference, Albuquerque, Aug. 2013

In this presentation we expand on the topics discussed in the presentation with the same title (Part I): the Quantum Information viewpoint on Biological systems and what life is, with implications to different areas of study and practices, including alternative medicine, music as an approach to healing etc. The new paradigm in science, brought by progress in the Theory of Quantum Information, can by encoded in the symbolic equation “QI=qi”, i.e. quantum information is chi/qi. The presentation is not meant to be technical, but rather informative, providing “food for thought”.
Category: Physics of Biology

Quantum Information, Tesla waves and Biofields: Part I

Authors: Lucian M Ionescu
Comments: 31 Pages. TESLA Extraordinary Conference presentation Aug. 2013

The common aspects between Quantum Information, Tesla waves (scalar waves / torsion fields) and biofields are explained in a certain extent. The “new-age bio-technology and practices are mentioned, in relation with the ancient knowledge about chi, feng-shui and sacred geometry.
Category: Physics of Biology

Oscillations in Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis

Authors: Igor B. Krasnyuk, Andrey E. Zabolotin
Comments: 23 Pages.

A structured model of the HPA axis that includes the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is considered. The model includes nonlinear dynamics of pituitary GR synthesis. The nonlinear eect arises from the fact that GR homodimerizes after cortisol activation and induces its own synthesis in the pituitary. This homodimerization makes possible two stable steady states (low and high) and one unstable state. The model includes also delay on stress. It is shown that concurrence between trajectories of dynamical system, which are produced by the unstable manifold and the value of delay time τ produce slow oscillating asymptotic periodic oscillations of cortisol with a period, which is grater then 2τ. It is shown that such oscillations exist only in an interval τ1 < τ < τ2 , where exact formulas for τ1 and τ2 has been obtained. Such oscillation arise when an initial values of stress are lager of some threshold.
Category: Physics of Biology

DNA Protein Pharmacology

Authors: Domenico Oricchio
Comments: 2 Pages.

The dna of medicinal plants contain the protein structure to obtain natural drugs from hystorical sources and traditional medicine.
Category: Physics of Biology

Simulation of Crowd Escape Under Hazardous Condition

Authors: Peng Wang, Timo Korhonen
Comments: 7 Pages.

This brief report presents a model to characterize evacuees' response to hazardous stimuli during emergency egress, especially in smoke and fire condition. The model is developed in consistency with stress theory, which explains how an organism reacts to environmental stimuli. We integrate the theory in the well-known social-force model and apply the model to simulate crowd evacuation in fire emergency. The algorithm is being tested in FDS+EVAC.
Category: Physics of Biology

An End of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Sight?

Authors: Edward J Steele, Reginald M Gorczynski, Robert A Lindley, Gensuke Tokoro, Daryl H. Wallis, Robert Temple, N. Chandra Wickramasinghe
Comments: 6 Pages.

We have set out to assess the data on the intensity of the COVID-19 pandemic with a view to making plausible predictions of its decline. A plot of “ % COVID-19 Associated Death per Day” versus the timing and extent of the roll out of national vaccination campaigns in Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy and USA shows that the decline in the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic was well advanced noticeably before vaccinations began or could have become a significant contributory factor. Israel is an outlier in its manifest decline pattern, yet the data also demonstrate that vaccination has had no discernible impact at all on % Deaths per Day in Israel.
Category: Physics of Biology

The Relevance of the Significant Reduction of X-ray Dose while Increasing the Resolution of Diagnostic Radiology

Authors: Avsharov Evgeny Mikhailovich
Comments: 9 Pages. In Russian

Currently existing approaches to the construction of x-ray diagnostic systems do not allow to combine in one product characteristics such as: - reduce x-ray dose by an order of magnitude, - reduction f the focal spot x-ray tube to a value of 0.1*0.1 mm and less in the millisecond time shooting the x-ray image; - decrease integral radiation power of the image frame coinciding with the period of radiation without increasing the instantaneous power of x-ray tube; - increasing resolution, dynamic x-ray detectors with a simultaneous increase in the speed of frames per second; - reducing the value of the ratio signal/noise and to increase the resolution of diagnostic images through mathematical processing of images. The output from the system of constraints is only possible through the creation of a new class of x-ray diagnostic systems, built on technology “Microsecond Radiology”, which incorporates the best of all three rentgenologii – Standard, Microfocus and Nanosecond rentgenology.
Category: Physics of Biology

Curbing the Spread of Covid-19

Authors: Bertrand Wong
Comments: 5 Pages.

Covid-19 has made its unexpected entrance into the world some time in late 2019 causing much fear, economic disasters, suffering and fatalities throughout the world. This article suggests a more aggressive intervention and strategy, for humanity should not let themselves be sitting ducks waiting for the virus to attack, and some possible methods for stopping Covid-19 in its path.
Category: Physics of Biology

Instances of Functional Heterochiral Replication of the J. Byl Structure Supported by Two State-Set Permutations

Authors: Perry W Swanborough
Comments: 7 Pages.

Previous work demonstrates that strict heterochiral replication of self-replicating loops in two-dimensional cellular automaton space is not possible under any single cell-state transition function, but a less-strict functional heterochirality is possible with the introduction of a different broken symmetry: a cell state-set permutation applied exclusively to left- (or right-) handed replication. A new result reported here is that up to two different state-set permutations applied to one replication chirality can support functionally-heterochiral replication of the J. Byl self-replicating structure in one common cellular automata space.
Category: Physics of Biology

On the DNA Resonance Code

Authors: I.V. Savelev, N.V. Zyryanova, V.V. Guschin, A.V. Tovmash, D.S. Serdyukov, K.A. Kupriyanov, M.V. Myakishev-Rempel
Comments: 20 Pages.

The possible role of DNA sequence-dependent electromagnetic resonance in the formation of the morphogenic field is discussed. It is hypothesized that the basis of the morphogenic field is the resonant oscillations of clouds of delocalized electrons and protons in the stack of DNA bases, and that genomic repeats serve as universal resonators that provide two-way transfer of information between chromatin structures and the morphogenic field. The proposed algorithm for the resonant transformation of genomic information into the structure of the organism mediated by the morphogenic field is named "the DNA resonance code", and approaches to its decoding based on a combination of biophysics, spectroscopy, and experimental and computational genomics are proposed.
Category: Physics of Biology

Folding Solution

Authors: Domenico Oricchio
Comments: 1 Page.

A drone-and-stick folding solution.
Category: Physics of Biology

Applying "Ab Initio" Hartree-Fock Methods to Exobiological Nanomolecules

Authors: Ricardo Gobato, Alireza Heidari, Lauro Figueroa Valverde, Abhijit Mitra
Comments: 6 Pages. Exobiology

he core of the work is based on the replace- ment of carbon atoms by silicon atoms, on the basis of four standard bases of DNA: A, C, G and T (adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine). Determining with minimum computational methods via "ab initio" Hartree-Fock methods, infrared spectrum and their peak absorbance frequencies. The option for simple replacement of carbon by silicon is due to the peculiar characteristics between both. Atomic interactions under non-carbon conditions were studied, with only the Hydrogen, Silicon, Nitrogen and Oxygen atoms, in STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure), for the four standard bases of DNA, A, C, G and T, thus obtaining by quantum chemistry four new compounds, named here as: ASi, CSi, GSi and TSi. Computational calculations admit the possibility of the formation of such molecules, their existence being possible via quantum chemistry. Calculations obtained in the "ab initio" Unrestricted and Restrict Hartree-Fock method, (UHF and RHF) in the set of basis used Effective core potential (ECP) minimal basis, UHF CEP-31G (ECP split valance) and UHF CEP-121G (ECP triple-split basis), CCpVTZ (Correlation-consistent valence-only basis sets triple-zeta) and 6-311G**(3df, 3pd) (Gaussian functions quadruple-zeta basis sets).
Category: Physics of Biology

Injured Earth

Authors: Miroslaw Kozlowski
Comments: 30 Pages.

In this paper we present the model for Atmosphere Waves of Viruses. The applications of the model to measured data of infections cases gave the following information: Infection time (average) for peoples 10-20 days, average time for chosen country for separable countries 11-120 days
Category: Physics of Biology

Cometary Origins of COVID-19

Authors: Edward J. Steele, Reginald M. Gorczynski, Robyn A. Lindley, Gensuke Tokoro, Daryl H. Wallis, Robert Temple, N. Chandra Wickramasinghe
Comments: 8 Pages.

The evidence for the cometary origin then rapid global spread of COVID-19 through 2020 is reviewed. It outlines why it is the alternative plausible scientific explanation – to bat/pangolin jump theories - hat is consistent with the available data viz. the arrival of COVID-19 as infective cryopreserved virions in cometary meteoritic dust clouds from space in a meteorite strike over China on October 11 2019. Given this possibility, a new space challenge for mankind is to develop near- Earth early warning biological surveillance (and mitigation) systems for incoming cosmic in- falls of micro-organisms and viruses from the cometary dust and meteorite streams that our planet routinely encounters as it orbits the Sun.
Category: Physics of Biology

Comparative Review of Two Papers on Antiviral Activity of Nanocomposites Coatings

Authors: Akram Jassim Jawad
Comments: 5 Pages.

In this report, comparative review between two papers about antiviral activity of nanocomposite has been discussed in terms of novelty, importance level, weaknesses points, publishing year, similarities, differences and recommended suggestions. The first article was titled “A Surface Coating that Rapidly Inactivates SARS-CoV‑2” by Behzadinasab et al. from Virginia Polytechnic Institute, and the University of Hong Kong, which published in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces journal in 13 July 2020, Q1, H index 199 (Behzadinasab et al., 2020; Scimagojr 2020). The second one was titled “Protective hybrid coating containing silver, copper and zinc cations effective against human immunodeficiency virus and other enveloped viruses” by Hodek et al. from Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Liberec, and Centre for Nanomaterials, which published in BMC Microbiology
Category: Physics of Biology

From an Invisible Marvellous of Life to Atomic Energy and Entangled Particles

Authors: Imrich Krištof
Comments: 12 Pages.

This paper supposed new idea of life, from microscopic molecules or atoms in sentences of Ancient Greeks – Démocritos from Abdéra (460 – 370 B.C.) and Leukippos from Milétos (500 – 440 B.C.), The Atomists, These philosophers suggested new conception of energy of the World, so called LOGOS ATOMOS, means INDIVISIBLE MATTER OF ENERGY, RESPECTIVELY NATURE POWERS AND ELEMENTS, WATER ELEMENTS, AIR ELEMENTS, FIRE ELEMENTS AND EARTH ELEMENTS. The Concept saws on problemma of small entities of life and nowdays actually Coronavirus Sars–Cov–19-2, which were at the first cases detected in food fairs in China, provincy Wuchan (In December 2019) and on eastern coast of U.S.A. (New York and Conurbation Bos-Wash), nearly at the same time was virus Sars–2–Cov–19 detected in Italy and Spain (Southern Europe), is evident that this virus is an artificial made in microbiologist laboratories, probably have roots already in 70–80-ties, when was developed an Experimental Biological Project REBIRTH (In Aral Sea, Soviet Union) in Russian language возрождѐние. From the 70-ties this Aral Lake Area was chosen like the Experimental polygon until 2010, when was a massive irrigation project realized, the area was used like a pocus polygon for testing of biological weapons (like for example for biological warfare and bio–terrorism (Tularemy, Brucellosis (Brucella melitensis, Brucellosis suis v. leporis), ornithosis and anthrax). Echinokokosis, Trichinelosis, Q–fever, this microbiological zoonosis are transmitted from domestic animals to Human communities. These biological weapons are cheap and effective than for example nuclear weapons.
Category: Physics of Biology

How the Biofield Is Created by DNA Resonance

Authors: Ivan V. Savelev, Richard Alan Miller, Max Myakishev-Rempel
Comments: 28 Pages. [Corrections made by viXra Admin to conform with the requirements on the Submission Form]

Although there is plenty of evidence for the existence of the biofield, the evidence that DNA interacts with it is very limited. Therefore, the idea that the biofield is created by the mass of DNA in the organism remains a hypothesis. We will first briefly summarize the existing evidence and then briefly review our studies, in which we used computational genomics to reveal the traces of resonance signaling in the genome and provided statistical evidence for this resonance signaling.
Category: Physics of Biology

Attempt to Treat Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) with Electromagnetic Wave Irradiation

Authors: Ryoji Furui
Comments: 6 Pages. [Corrections made by viXra Admin to conform with the requirements on the Submission Form]

The effectiveness of a combination of frequency, intensity, etc., in the natural vibration of microwaves targeting the collapse of the most delicate part, the Heptad Repeat 2 (HR 2) region, in spike proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is investigated. Based on the results, inactivation of the virus is attempted through the use of irradiating microwaves directed toward the infected site from outside the body.
Category: Physics of Biology

Direct Current Pushed by Thought Force Flows in Two Directions in a Single-Wire Without Return at the Same Time

Authors: Tamas Lajtner
Comments: 8 Pages. [Corrections made by viXra Admin to conform with scholarly norm - Please conform]

Thought is force. Thought force can be detected by thought force sensor. If we place two thought force sensors in two separate DC circuits and we connect these circuits with a single-wire without return, we get an unorthodox DC circuit. Here, the two DC circuits are not closed in the ordinary acceptance of the term, yet both thought sensors can be controlled with the same thought force via the single-wire. This is only possible, if current flows in two different directions simultaneously in the single-wire without return that connects the two DC circuits.
Category: Physics of Biology

Strong Magnetic Field Ultrasound Antiviral Strategy

Authors: Friedwardt Winterberg
Comments: 2 Pages. [Corrections made by viXra Admin to conform with scholarly norm]

As a potential “magic bullet” strategy to defeat Covid-19 type virus diseases, it is proposed to use static strong magnetic fields in combination with intense ultrasound producing oscillating electric fields, induced by the Faraday induction effect, in the affected tissue interrupting the multiplication of the virus particles.
Category: Physics of Biology

Functional Heterochirality of Replication of the J. Byl Self-Replicating Structure: A Moore Rules State-Transition Function and Cell State-Set Permutations.

Authors: Perry W Swanborough
Comments: 16 Pages.

Heterochiral self-replication of loop structures in cellular automata spaces cannot be achieved by pooling a state-transition function supporting self-replication with its corresponding mirror-transformed transition function because some chiral rules specific to right-handed replication are contradicted by chiral rules specific for left-handed replication. In a subsequent study, a less-strict functional heterochirality of self-replication, notionally achievable by application of state-set permutation-transformation to structures and state-transition functions was investigated. Although this strategy reduces the number of rule contradictions between left-handed and right-handed self-replication, state-set permutations applied to left-handed replication do not enable functional coexistence of left- and right-handed self-replication. This work describes the consequences of rewriting von Neumann state-transition rules as a larger set of corresponding Moore state-transition rules. It was observed that there are less state-transition rule contradictions between left- and right-handed self-replication under the Moore rules state-transition function. The observations that state-set permutation-transformations and Moore state-transition rules independently reduce rule contradictions between left- and right-handed self-replication suggested the hypothesis that both strategies implemented together may reduce rule contradictions between left- and right-handed self-replication to zero, enabling functional coexistence of left- and right-handed self-replication. This work reports success in implementing functional coexistence of left- and right-handed self-replication of the J. Byl structure (1989) by application of a Moore rules state-transition function, and any one of six state-set permutation transformations applied to left-handed self-replication.
Category: Physics of Biology

Hypothesis of the Saprophytic Origin Of Viruses and Their Implications in the Evolution Of Species

Authors: Vialla Stéphane
Comments: 1 Page. In French [Corrections made by viXra Admin to conform with the requirements on the Submission Form]

L'hypothèse de l'origine saprophyte des virus est une proposition sur une origine possible des virus et les implications sanitaire et environnementale (The hypothesis of the saprophytic origin of viruses is a proposition on a possible origin of viruses and the health and environmental implications)
Category: Physics of Biology

How Schrödinger's Mice Weave Consciousness

Authors: Max Myakishev-Rempel, Ivan V. Savelev
Comments: 20 Pages. [Corrections made by viXra Admin to conform with scholarly norm]

This paper continues the series of papers on DNA resonance signaling. Previously the authors proposed that DNA is involved in the work of mind directly and immediately via the network of optical fibers. The authors proposed the mechanism of signal transduction in DNA via a sequence-specific resonance between the clouds of delocalized charges in the base stack. It was computationally demonstrated that certain repetitive patterns of delocalized charge clouds were evolutionarily enriched in various genomes. Here, the authors propose that natural quantum computation in DNA in living cells is based on the tautomerization of basepairs and involves coordinated oscillations of hydrogen-bond protons and aromatic electrons. The authors expand the ORCH-OR theory to include the collapse of the wave function of aromatic electrons in purines and propose that such collapses and expansions produce the experience of consciousness and the perception of time. The above mechanisms are supported by an observation that the majority of the psychoactive drugs are aromatic and the suggestion that they modify the aromaticity of DNA by binding to it. Quantum mechanical considerations for the collapse of aromaticity by double proton transfer in basepairs are discussed in terms of the collapse of the wave function, loss of delocalization, and the dynamic balance between coherence and decoherence in DNA.
Category: Physics of Biology

Arthur Firstenberg’s The Invisible Rainbow : A Brief Review

Authors: Edward J Steele
Comments: 4 Pages.

Arthur Firstenberg has written an important book (Firstenberg 2020). He is both a scientist, a medical professional and science writer/journalist with an eye to deep history and much knowledge. It is well written and clear, but uneven in parts, particularly absence of a sensible discussion of Hoyle-Wickramasinghe’s Panspermia-Cosmic Biology - the author’s conclusions on the origins of influenza pandemics since the1880s (from 1889 in particular) suffer from not considering all the extant evidence for Panspermia. The book is in two parts over 565 pages, rich in detailed referencing and notes which begins on page 393. This is a valuable resource.
Category: Physics of Biology

Rapid Diagnosis of Coronavirus Infection and Protective Equipment

Authors: Vasyl Korniienko, Vasyl Belokrinitsky, Ivan Vikulin
Comments: 11 Pages. in English and Russian

It is known that any matter has a quantum electromagnetic field (QEF) [1], Therefore, the WEF of Earth's stressed matter generates waves of quantum electromagnetic energies (S-radiation), which reveals the origin of geopathic radiation (GR), which, as is well known, cause diseases. For the same reason, electric generators, including solar panels, together with electric current generate quantum currents. Internet technology and satellites transform them into S-radiation, the effects of which, like GR, cause diseases. The orbits of these satellites correlate with the dislocation of coronavirus foci, indicating their involvement in the emergence and development of the pandemic. It is shown that the S-radiated metal of the roof of the car, as well as a person infected with COVID-19, generate S-radiations that infect others. Proposed measures that will increase the effectiveness of quarantines, which will stop the pandemic.
Category: Physics of Biology

A Way to Fight CoronaVirus

Authors: Emanuel Gluskin
Comments: 2 Pages. I would like to cause an interest in a series laboratory studying the pandemia to cooperate.

A method for fighting the pandemia is proposed, based on allowing an antagonism between the molecules of CoronaVirus [1]
Category: Physics of Biology

Predictive Mathematical Models of the Covid–19 Pandemic in Ode/sde Framework

Authors: Marcello Colozzo
Comments: 23 Pages. [Non-conforming header blocked by viXra Admin]

This article proposes a viral diffusion model (like Covid-19 pandemic) in the ordinary differential equations (ODE) and stochastic differential equations (SDE) framework. The classic models based on the logistic map are analyzed, and then a noise term is introduced that models the behavior of the so-called deniers. This model fairly faithfully reproduces the Italian situation in today’s period. We then move on to local analysis, arriving at an equation of continuity for what concerns the density of the number of infected in an assigned region. We, therefore, prove a Theorem according to which classical logistics is the most catastrophic of predictions. In a realistic scenario, it is necessary to take into account the inevitable fluctuations in the aforementioned density. This implies a fragmentation of the initial cluster (generated by “patient zero”) into an N disjoint sub clusters. For very large N, statistical analysis suggests the use of the two-point correlation function (and more generally, n-points). In principle, an estimate of this function makes it possible to determine the evolution of the pandemic. The distribution of the sub clusters could be fractal, exactly as it happens for the distribution of galaxies starting from a homogeneous and isotropic primordial universe, but with random fluctuations in matter density. This is not surprising, since due to the invariance in scale, fractals have a low “computational cost”. The idea that pandemics are cyclical processes, that is, they occur with a given periodicity, would therefore remain corroborated.
Category: Physics of Biology

Assumptions of Dreams

Authors: Somsikov A. I.
Comments: 9 Pages.

The assumption of origin of symbolics of dreams is made.
Category: Physics of Biology

The Reason for the Emergence of Primary Foci of the Coronavirus Pandemic and the Fight Against Them

Authors: V. Korniienko, V. Belocrinicky, I. Vikulin, M. Turkin
Comments: 12 Pages.

The origin of the primary foci of coronavirus is unknown, which makes it difficult to fight the pandemic. However, we found that the centers of the pandemic in Euro-Asia are mainly concentrated along the orbit plane of Chinese Internet satellites, and on the American continents - Starlink satellites. This is due to the fact that their radio waves contain waves of quantum electromagnetic energy (S-radiations). It has been shown that the nature of the origin of S-radiations is the same as geopathic radiation (GR), the property of which causes diseases is well known. Therefore, the S-radiations of these satellites can cause coronavirus diseases and primary pandemic foci. Therefore, it is advisable, based on standards, to limit the level of their S-radiations.
Category: Physics of Biology

Showing Role of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 in Covid-19 Using Novel Fic-Fac Ratio

Authors: John Yuk Ching Ting
Comments: 13 Pages. Our novel Fic-Fac Ratio can be regarded as a simple mathematical tool to usefully model COVID-19 and help clinicians better understand this deadly infection. This Ratio essentially allows us to relate open problems from Number theory to to COVID-19.

Objectives: We utilize a Case Report of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from pneumonia together with applications from Fic-Fac Ratio to creatively explain COVID-19’s drug and vaccine developments, and mitigation measures to combat the resulting pandemic (declared by World Health Organization on March 11, 2020). Methods: Diagnostic test ‘Accuracy’ refers to ability of that test to distinguish between patients with disease, and those without. Our novel Fic-Fac Ratio, which is an acronym that stands for Fictitious-Factitious Ratio, is roughly considered as ‘Inverse Accuracy’ with higher Accuracy corresponding to lower Fic-Fac Ratio and vice versa. Regarded as tertiary spin-off from mathematically proving open problems in Number theory of Riemann hypothesis (and explaining two types of Gram points), Polignac’s and Twin prime conjectures; we succinctly outline the derivation of this Ratio. Results: 2003 Case Report of 43 year-old male presenting with severe ARDS due to Bilateral Early Lobar Pneumonia of uncertain viral etiology resulting in death at a small Australian regional hospital. ACE is an acronym that stands for angiotensin-converting enzyme. The functions of ACE and its counterpart ACE2 are outlined. Physiological and pharmacological implications of ACE2 also acting as entry receptor for the coronavirus causing COVID-19 infection are detailed. Epidemiological principles on modelling COVID-19 pandemic with ‘less accurate’ SIR model versus ‘more accurate’ SEIR model are also presented. Conclusions: Controlling COVID-19 pandemic and developing effective COVID-19 drugs and vaccine(s) can be creatively explained using Fic-Fac Ratio. International collaboration is generally required to defeat COVID-19.
Category: Physics of Biology

Physical Paradigm of Life as a Generalization of Biochemical Conception. A Physical Law Governing Life Origin and Development

Authors: Yuri K. Shestopaloff
Comments: 40 Pages. Previous versions are on https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.09421

The present view of biological phenomena is based on a biomolecular paradigm that development of living organisms is entirely defined by information stored in a molecular form as some genetic code. However, new facts and discoveries indicate that biological phenomena cannot be reduced to a biomolecular realm alone, but are also governed by mechanisms of other nature. These mechanisms, acting in tight cooperation with biochemical mechanisms, define life cycles of individual organisms, and, through this, the origin and evolution of the living world. Here, we present such a physical mechanism (General growth law), which represents a new physical law of nature. It acts at cellular, organ, system and whole organism scale levels, directing growth and reproduction together with biomolecular mechanisms by imposing uniquely defined constraints on distribution of nutrients between biomass production and maintenance, thus defining the composition of biochemical reactions, their change and irreversibility during the organismal life cycle. Mathematically, this law is represented by the growth equation. Using this equation, we introduce growth models and explain division mechanisms for unicellular organisms. High adequacy of obtained results to experiments proves validity of the General growth law and of the new physical paradigm of Life based on this law.
Category: Physics of Biology

Dinosaurs Could Submerge Themselves and Breathe While Walking in Shallow Lakes, Their Long Necks Really Did Function as Snorkels

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 4 Pages.

: It was claimed that a brachiosaurus would suffocate while walking in a shallow body of water because of the pressure of the water. People in the early 1900’s painted dinosaurs walking in shallow bodies of water, as the artist Zdenek Burian did, using its neck as a snorkel. Fast forward, paleontologists claimed that this would not be possible because the pressure in the water would collapse the dino’s lungs, so then they placed dinos above and out of the water. Now we are going back to dinos easily navigating the shallow seas underwater, because of the ancient atmosphere being much denser during the existence of dinosaurs, of 3-5 bar. Brachiosaurus could snorkel because he/she would only be at ~102- 112% ambient atmospheric pressure. Humans can breath at 109%. Some screen shots and pictures are presented to explain.
Category: Physics of Biology

Evidence for DNA Resonance Signaling Via Longitudinal Hydrogen Bonds

Authors: Ivan Savelyev, Max Myakishev-Rempel
Comments: 12 Pages.

The theory of the morphogenic field suggests that chemical signaling is supplemented by electromagnetic signaling governing the structure and shape of tissues, organs and the body. The theory of DNA resonance suggests that the morphogenic field is created by the genomic DNA which sends and receives electromagnetic signals in a sequence-specific manner. Previously, the authors have proposed the existence of HIDERs, genomic elements that serve as antennas in resonance signaling and demonstrated that they occur nonrandomly and are conserved in evolution. Here, it is proposed that longitudinal hydrogen bonds exist in the double helix, that chains of these bonds form delocalized proton clouds, that the shapes of these clouds are sequence-specific and form the basis of sequence-specificity of resonance between HIDERs. Based on longitudinal hydrogen bonds, a proton DNA resonance code was devised and used to identify HIDERs which are enriched 20 fold in the genome and conserved in evolution. It was suggested that these HIDERs are the key elements responsible for DNA resonance signaling and the formation of the morphogenic field.
Category: Physics of Biology

Microscope Images Indicate that Water Clusters Are the Cause of Phyllotaxis

Authors: Harry K. Hahn
Comments: 17 Pages. 73 figures

With my study I want to advance a hypothesis that Phyllotaxis is caused by a lattice of Ice-Crystals or large Water Clusters which are stablized (coated) by certain proteins, e.g. special Ice-binding- or Water-Cluster-binding-proteins. The microscopic Image of the remains of an evaporated water droplet shows a phyllotactic pattern that formed during the evaporation of the water droplet on a silicon wafer. This image is a proof that Water itself must be the main contributor which causes Phyllotaxis ! The pysical process Evaporation, and electric charge and coloumb forces caused by evaporation also seem to play a role in the pattern formation and in the precise orientation and positioning of the water clusters in the pattern. Important for the formation of a phyllotactic Fibonacci pattern seems to be a large central Water Cluster, that may have icosahedral MacKay-geometry, consisting of large icosahedral Sub-Clusters formed by the stable icosahedral water clusters (H2O)100 or (H2O)280. Typical cluster numbers of Mackay-Clusters are 13 and 55 which are Fibonacci Numbers ! Additional proof comes from SEM-Images of the Sunflower Capitulum. These images indicate that new primordia are caused by rhombic crystals, which seem to be either ice-crystals or large water cluster crystals that formed with the help of ice-binding proteins or similar. Proof for a physical cause of Phyllotaxis is also provided by a study about variations in the Fibonacci-spiral patterns of twigs of the three “Pinus Mugo“ which shows that the Fibonacci-pattern variation depends on altitude and temperature- /radiation- conditions. With the results of this study I developed an infinite Fibonacci-Number-Sequences-Table that contains all existing Fibonacci-Sequences and all natural numbers. Finally I present a mathematical discovery regarding constant Phi. All natural numbers and their square roots, as well as constant Pi (π), can be expressed by only using constant Phi (1.618…) and the base unit 1.
Category: Physics of Biology

A Different Covid-19 Problem

Authors: Edward G. Lake
Comments: 7 Pages.

While the symptoms of Covid-19 are well-known, I encountered a different kind of problem which evidently resulted from a grocery store’s measures to prevent the spread of Covid-19.
Category: Physics of Biology

Three Paradoxes of Thought

Authors: Tamas Lajtner
Comments: 41 Pages.

There are three paradoxes that summarize the working method of thought. 1) Your thoughts change even when they do not change. 2) If you are thinking today what you thought yesterday, you are already thinking something else. 3) In order to remain in one place you should run. To understand the three paradoxes of thought, we have to understand what thought is. Thought is force. This force is a real force that makes impacts on living and inanimate, e.g. thought force creates the brain’s electromagnetic signals. The existence of thought force can be captured by appropriate mechanical and electronic devices, where thought power and energy can be also measured. This study presents some values of thought power and energy measured by the first electric Thought Power Meter in the world. Knowing these values, using devices like this it is possible to control objects like computer, switch on the wall etc. by thought force. The mainstream science refuses to accept the existence of thought force. In the second part of the study a short physics explanation is given that describes how thought force works. This physics necessarily goes beyond mainstream phys-ics giving new definition of time and space. Thought force is in a given size range. Like all forces, thought force also creates its own counterforce. (Thought force itself can also be a counterforce of other forces.) There is no way to understand how thought works without accepting the human experience on thought’s counterforce. The counterforce and other forces in this size range can be created by lining and inanimate (non-living). Saying this, thought force can be created with and even without brains. This new recognition causes the three paradoxes of thought.
Category: Physics of Biology

Conditions for Stable Equilibrium of the Upright Human Body in the Absence and Presence of External Influence

Authors: Karlo Moistsrapishvili
Comments: 10 Pages. -

Introduction: This paper combines two previous scientific works [1, 2]. It investigates conditions of the equilibrium stability of a cylinder (shaped homogeneous body) in order to study the equilibrium stability of a human body of different proportions. A new method to determine a human body’s common center of gravity is proposed. An optimal bending forward angle at which the degree of the equilibrium stability of an upright standing person reaches its maximum value is defined and relevant conclusions are drawn. In addition, external forces are also introduced, which may disturb the stable equilibrium and cause the body to tumble. The paper also introduces the concept of the coefficient of the stable equilibrium and proposes a formula for its calculation. Finally, a formula is set up to obtain the maximum value of external forces under which the body still maintains the state of equilibrium. Key words: equilibrium stability; common center of gravity; optimal bending; critical angles, stability coefficient, force of gravity, external force, overturning.
Category: Physics of Biology

Relationship Between Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation and Epigenetic Modification Based on the Boltzmann Distribution

Authors: Fei Xiong
Comments: 9 Pages.

Liquid-liquid phase separation is pervasive in the interior of cells. Elucidating the mechanism of its formation is important both for understanding its physiological function and for predicting prospective drug targets. According to the Boltzmann distribution, we describe a physical relationship between liquid-liquid phase separation and epigenetic modification, suggesting that biochemical metabolism may play an important role in phase separation. It also suggests that liquid-liquid phase separation is universal in the origins of early life because alkaline hydrothermal vents are full of biochemical reactions.
Category: Physics of Biology

Masks Don’t Work: a Review of Science Relevant to Covid-19 Social Policy

Authors: Denis G. Rancourt
Comments: 13 Pages.

Masks and respirators do not work. There have been extensive randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies, and meta-analysis reviews of RCT studies, which all show that masks and respirators do not work to prevent respiratory influenza-like illnesses, or respiratory illnesses believed to be transmitted by droplets and aerosol particles. Furthermore, the relevant known physics and biology, which I review, are such that masks and respirators should not work. It would be a paradox if masks and respirators worked, given what we know about viral respiratory diseases: The main transmission path is long-residence-time aerosol particles (< 2.5 μm), which are too fine to be blocked, and the minimum-infective-dose is smaller than one aerosol particle. The present paper about masks illustrates the degree to which governments, the mainstream media, and institutional propagandists can decide to operate in a science vacuum, or select only incomplete science that serves their interests. Such recklessness is also certainly the case with the current global lockdown of over 1 billion people, an unprecedented experiment in medical and political history.
Category: Physics of Biology

Unique Relation Between Human Muscle's Force and the Muscle's Weight

Authors: Yahya A. Sharif
Comments: 2 Pages.

The force used by muscles to lift itself is smaller than the muscles weight in which small muscles force can lift its huge mass.An example is someone lifts his massive 60 kg body with weak feet and calfs muscles when trying to pick a fruit from a tree.
Category: Physics of Biology

Interpretation of Action Potential Generation Mechanism in Cardiomyocytes by Potassium Channel “Origami Windmill” Model

Authors: Zuodong Sun
Comments: 10 Pages.

The study of the action potential of cardiomyocytes is as important as the study of nerve fiber cells. The theoretical basis of the action potential of cardiomyocytes is the ionic theory formed by nerve fiber cells. Its core point of view: the decline phase of the action potential of cells is dominated by K+ outflow. Applying the principle of the K+ channel “origami windmill” model, the mechanism of action potential generation of nerve fiber cells has been reasonably explained, and a point contrary to the ion theory has been drawn: the phase of the action potential decline is dominated by K+ influx. Similarly, applying the principle of the K+ channel “origami windmill” model can also give a reasonable explanation for the mechanism of action potential generation of cardiomyocytes. The difference between cardiomyocyte action potential and nerve fiber cell: In addition to K+, Cl-, Na+, the process of generating cardiomyocyte action potential also involves the participation of Ca2+. Ca2+ inflow in the rising phase will shorten the depolarization time; Ca2+ inflow in the falling phase will prolong the repolarization time. K+, Ca2+ space substitution proportion: rotate into 2 K+, squeeze out 3 Ca2+, and 4 extra negative charges in the cell, the proportion is 2: 3: 4; Conversely, squeeze out 2 K+, rotate into 3 Ca2+, 4 extra positive charges the cells, the proportion is 3: 2: 4. Na+, Ca2+ space substitution proportion: rotate into 1 Na+, squeeze out 1 Ca2+, and 1 extra negative charges in the cell, the proportion is 1: 1:1; Conversely, rotate into 1 Ca2+, squeeze out 1 Na+, there is 1 more positive charge in the cell, and the proportion is 1: 1: 1. Application of “origami windmill” model principle, can reasonably explain the cardiomyocytes action potential generation mechanism, further proveding “origami windmill” the model theory, “the theory of dove-like particles”“the theory of braincell activation” of science, also proved that the viewpoint of “action potential descending phase, dominated by K+ internal current” is correct. The scientific and rational interpretation of the action potential of cardiomyocytes has far-reaching impact and great significance to the basic theoretical research and clinical practice of the heart from now on.
Category: Physics of Biology

Enlightening Point of View Based on Potassium Channel “Origami Windmill” Model

Authors: Zuodong Sun
Comments: 28 Pages.

Applying the K+ channel origami windmill model principle, the whole process of action potential generation of nerve fiber cells and cardiomyocytes is explained reasonably. Its core view is: cell action potential decline phase, dominated by influx of potassium ions. This is contrary to the core idea of the traditional theory—ionic theory. According to ionic theory, cell action potential decline phase, dominated by outflow of K+ ions. In the face of such two opposing views, the author traces back to the source, combing and commenting on the basic theoretical research on the production mechanism of cell bioelectricity generation and the results of classical basic experiments. And a series of enlightening viewpoints are produced：1. Ionic theory has its preexistence deficiency; 2. There are principle defects in GHK equation and H-H equation; 3. Ion channels may “same direction sharing”; 4. Sodium-potassium pumps, calcium pumps and so on May not exist. The thesis's Point is falsifiable. If “cell action potential decline stage, dominated by outflow of K+ ions” can be proved, all the points in this paper will not be true. On the contrary, the series of enlightening views in this paper will inevitably lead to a revolution in the field of life science. The viewpoint of this paper is not only closely related to the causes of human major diseases, treatment principles and methods, but also may have a profound impact on the future research direction of life science researchers. So the author suggests that scholars in the field of life science should re sort out the existing bioelectricity knowledge system—eliminate the false, save the true and clear the source, especially focusing on the papers published by Hodgkin and Huxley in 1952; At the same time, it is necessary to reevaluate the scientificity and scientific value of membrane theory, ionic theory, GHK equation and H-H equation, and put forward new theories based on Bernstein membrane theory, and establishing a new mathematical model of cell action potential.
Category: Physics of Biology

Conservation Law of Cell Bioelectricity Membrane Area and Ion Inequality Equation Based on Potassium Channel “Origami Windmill” Model

Authors: Zuodong Sun
Comments: 19 Pages.

At present, there are misunderstandings and even subversive errors in the understanding of cellular bioelectricity phenomena. The theory explaining the mechanism of bioelectricity generation is the ionic theory, and the ionic theory is based on the membrane theory. The membrane theory may be the correct part, and the ionic theory does not give a definite affirmation; the membrane theory may be the wrong part, and ionic theory does not give a clear negative, instead, has been further strengthened in the later period. Whether it is membrane theory or ionic theory, the author has ignored the structure and characteristics of ion channels, and has not found the essence and law of ion exchange inside and outside the cell membrane. Therefore, the GHK equation and the H-H equation based on the ionic theory have congenital deficiencies. Therefore, it is necessary to put forward a new doctrine on this basis and establish a new mathematical model based on the new doctrine to re-explain the mechanism of bioelectricity generation scientifically and rationally. This paper is based on the principle of K+ channel “origami windmill” model, the conservation law of membrane area of cell action potential ion exchange was proposed, and establishes a new mathematical model of cell action potential based on the conservation law of membrane area—ion inequality equation. The expression of conservation law of membrane area: SA (t) + SB (t) = S0, the expression of the ion inequality equation: resting potential N = N0 + Vt; action potential N = N0+ 170t -90t2. The conservation law of membrane area holds that bioelectrical activity is a process in which different cations replace each other on the inner surface of the cell membrane. Cl- is already surrounded by the cell membrane at the beginning of cell membrane formation, which determines the “positive” and “negative” of the cell action potential; The cations such as Na+, K+, etc., the amount of mutual replacement on the inner surface of the cell membrane determines the amplitude of the action potential, and the ratio of mutual replacement complies with the principle that the membrane area is equal and the ions are not equal. The ion inequality equation, cited the kinematics principle, can not only reflect the nature and rule of cation exchange on the inner surface of cell membrane,but also can reasonable avoid cell membrane expansion force and ionic driving force, completed the bioelectricity generation mechanism from the qualitative to the quantitative expression, supports the preexistence of membrane theory, to verify the theory of brain cell activation, the theory of dove-likeparticles and “origami windmill” model, has opened up a scientific and quantitative description cell action potential new ways and means.
Category: Physics of Biology

Sem-Images Indicate that Water Clusters or Ice-Crystals Are the Cause of Phyllotaxis

Authors: Harry K. Hahn
Comments: 37 pages, 110 figures, 10 tables

With my study I want to advance the hypothesis that a lattice ( network ) of Ice-Crystals or large Water Clusters together with special proteins, socalled Ice-binding proteins, is causing Phyllotaxis in plants. SEM-Images seem to proof this hypothesis. The (E)SEM-Image of the remains of an evaporated water droplet clearly shows a complex phyllotactic pattern ! This phyllotactic pattern formed during the evaporation of the water in the vacuum chamber of the SEM. The shown (E)SEM-Image is a first proof that Water must be the fundamental source of Phyllotaxis ! --> (E)SEM = (Environmental) Scanning Electron Microscope Responsible for the formation of the phyllotactic pattern seems to be a large central Water Cluster, that may have an icosahedral MacKay-geometry, consisting of large icosahedral Sub-Clusters formed by the stable icosahedral water clusters (H2O)100 or (H2O)280. Typical cluster numbers of Mackay-Clusters are 13 and 55 which are Fibonacci Numbers ! Additional evidence comes from SEM-Images of the generative zone of the Sunflower Capitulum. These images indicate that new primordia in the generative zone are caused by rhombic crystals, which seem to be either ice-crystals or large water cluster crystals that formed with the help of ice-binding proteins or water-cluster binding proteins. Additional proof for a physical cause of Phyllotaxis is provided by a study about variations in the Fibonacci-spiral patterns of twigs of the three “Pinus Mugo“ which shows that the Fibonacci-pattern variation depends from the altitude ( temperature / radiation conditions ) where the three grows. With the results of this study I developed an infinite Fibonacci-Number-Sequences-Table that contains all existing Fibonacci-Sequences and all natural numbers. Finally I present a mathematical discovery regarding constant Phi. All natural numbers and their square roots, as well as constant Pi (π), can be expressed by only using constant Phi (1.618…) and the base unit 1.
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanoparticles Measure Cancer Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 77 Pages.

A first-of-its-kind nanoparticle-based in vivo imaging technique that may one day be used to help diagnose and even treat cancer has been developed by researchers collaborating from Michigan State, Johns Hopkins and Stanford universities. [50] The hope is that further research into cilia will help untangle the complex relationship between them and cancer, and provide both new insights into some of the drivers of cancer as well as new targets for cancer treatment. [49] Researchers have found that changing the mechanical properties of individual cells disrupts their ability to remain stable, profoundly affecting their health and the health of the tissue that comprises them. [48] Biochemists at the University of Bayreuth and the University of Bonn have now discovered a way to regulate this process which is central to gene expression: Certain actinobacteria contain a protein that binds RNA molecules under blue light and can thereby deactivate them. [47] A new piece of a difficult puzzle-the nature of memory-fell into place this week with a hint at how brain cells change structure when they learn something. [46] Researchers at the University of Alberta have found an important protein in the cells of a deadly infectious parasite, opening the door to less harmful treatment for millions of people suffering from diseases like sleeping sickness in Africa and Chagas disease in South America. [45] The remarkable ability of a small Australian sea snail to produce a colourful purple compound to protect its eggs is proving even more remarkable for its potential in a new anti-cancer pharmaceutical. [44] Gene editing technology is a technology that eliminates the underlying causes of and treats diseases by removing specific genesor editing genes to restore their normal function. In particular, CRISPR gene editing technology is now commonly used for immunotherapy by correcting the genes of immune cells to induce them to attack cancer cells selectively. [43]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanosensors Track Chemical Signals

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 55 Pages.

Light-emitting nanosensors have been used to measure chemical signals that propagate through living plants in response to damage. [36] Researchers at the Center for Nanoparticle Research, within the Institute for Basic Science (IBS, South Korea) in collaboration with collaborators at Zhejiang University, China, have reported a highly sensitive and specific nanosensor that can monitor dynamic changes of potassium ions in mice undergoing epileptic seizures, indicating their intensity and origin in the brain. [35] The lab of Cheryl Kerfeld at Michigan State University has created a synthetic nano-sized factory, based on natural ones found in bacteria. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

Producing COVID-19 Test Kits

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 75 Pages.

Researchers at Western and Suncor are teaming up to use algae as a way to produce serological test kits for COVID-19 – a new process that overcomes shortfalls of existing processes while saving money. [45] Researchers in Brazil analyzed the growth of confirmed infected COVID-19 cases across four continents to better characterize the spread of the virus and examine which strategies are effective in reducing its spread. [44] A system that checks from a safe distance whether someone is displaying symptoms of COVID-19 has been developed by Urs Schneider and colleagues at the Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation in Stuttgart, Germany. [43]
Category: Physics of Biology

Estimate COVID-19 Death Toll

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 75 Pages.

A Rutgers engineer has created a mathematical model that accurately estimates the death toll linked to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States and could be used around the world. [45] Researchers in Brazil analyzed the growth of confirmed infected COVID-19 cases across four continents to better characterize the spread of the virus and examine which strategies are effective in reducing its spread. [44] A system that checks from a safe distance whether someone is displaying symptoms of COVID-19 has been developed by Urs Schneider and colleagues at the Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation in Stuttgart, Germany. [43] Although the test still needs to be tested on intact viral RNA from patient samples, it could help relieve the current pressure on PCR-based tests, the researchers say. [42] Simon Fraser University researchers will use their pioneering imaging technology-called Mango, for its bright colour-to develop coronavirus testing kits. [41] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, common human coronaviruses usually cause mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses, like the common cold. [40] When diseases reinforce each other, they rapidly accelerate through the population, then fizzle out as they run out of new hosts. [39] It's no coincidence that some of the worst viral disease outbreaks in recent years-SARS, MERS, Ebola, Marburg and likely the newly arrived 2019-nCoV virus-originated in bats. [38] An interdisciplinary team of researchers at Colorado State University has used computational chemistry, biochemistry and virology to uncover new information on how viruses such as West Nile, dengue and Zika replicate. [37]
Category: Physics of Biology

Magnetism Keep Drugs at Disease Sites

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 55 Pages.

The researchers were able to use magnetism to hold 'magnetically responsive' microscopic drug carriers at chosen sites, even in the presence of external forces, such as flowing liquid, which would normally displace them. [32] A Japanese research team has developed a cyclic peptide (a chain of amino acids bonded circularly) that enhances blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration. [31] MIT engineers have designed tiny robots that can help drug-delivery nanoparticles push their way out of the bloodstream and into a tumor or another disease site. [30]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanodevices for the Brain

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

Alzheimer's disease is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States, affecting one in 10 people over the age of 65. Scientists are engineering nanodevices to disrupt processes in the brain that lead to the disease. [25] A team of researchers at the University of California's Department of Neurological Surgery and the Center for Integrative Neuroscience in San Francisco has taken another step toward the development of a device able to read a person's mind. [24] Professor Thomas Hills from the Department of Psychology set out to bridge the gap between the philosophical arguments for free will and the neurocognitive realities. [23]
Category: Physics of Biology

Life and Evolution in Terms of Maximum Entropy Production Principle

Authors: Leonid M. Martyushev
Comments: 4 Pages.

Maximum entropy production principle (MEPP) has been formulated in the mid-twentieth century, and today it has acquired the status of an important principle of science, which is extremely effective in considering various non-equilibrium problems. In this study, for the first time, definition of life is based on an easily measurable physical quantity that is entropy production. Life and evolution are discussed from the point of view of MEPP and the Universe, but not a human.
Category: Physics of Biology

Correlations in COVID-19 Grows

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 74 Pages.

Researchers in Brazil analyzed the growth of confirmed infected COVID-19 cases across four continents to better characterize the spread of the virus and examine which strategies are effective in reducing its spread. [44] A system that checks from a safe distance whether someone is displaying symptoms of COVID-19 has been developed by Urs Schneider and colleagues at the Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation in Stuttgart, Germany. [43] Although the test still needs to be tested on intact viral RNA from patient samples, it could help relieve the current pressure on PCR-based tests, the researchers say. [42] Simon Fraser University researchers will use their pioneering imaging technology-called Mango, for its bright colour-to develop coronavirus testing kits. [41] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, common human coronaviruses usually cause mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses, like the common cold. [40] When diseases reinforce each other, they rapidly accelerate through the population, then fizzle out as they run out of new hosts. [39] It's no coincidence that some of the worst viral disease outbreaks in recent years-SARS, MERS, Ebola, Marburg and likely the newly arrived 2019-nCoV virus-originated in bats. [38] An interdisciplinary team of researchers at Colorado State University has used computational chemistry, biochemistry and virology to uncover new information on how viruses such as West Nile, dengue and Zika replicate. [37] David Baker, Professor of Biochemistry and Director of the Institute for Protein Design at the University of Washington will speak about how algorithmic processes such as de novo design predict protein structures, protein folding mechanisms, and new protein functions. [36] A research team at Kobe University has developed a method of artificially controlling the anchorage position of target proteins in engineered baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). [35]
Category: Physics of Biology

COVID-19 Provision Radiation Therapy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 76 Pages.

Shalom Kalnicki, chairman of the radiation oncology department at Montefiore Medical Center in New York, highlighted the challenges faced by radiation oncologists, physicians and medical physicists looking to treat cancer patients in the time of COVID-19. [44] A system that checks from a safe distance whether someone is displaying symptoms of COVID-19 has been developed by Urs Schneider and colleagues at the Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation in Stuttgart, Germany. [43] Although the test still needs to be tested on intact viral RNA from patient samples, it could help relieve the current pressure on PCR-based tests, the researchers say. [42] Simon Fraser University researchers will use their pioneering imaging technology-called Mango, for its bright colour-to develop coronavirus testing kits. [41] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, common human coronaviruses usually cause mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses, like the common cold. [40] When diseases reinforce each other, they rapidly accelerate through the population, then fizzle out as they run out of new hosts. [39] It's no coincidence that some of the worst viral disease outbreaks in recent years-SARS, MERS, Ebola, Marburg and likely the newly arrived 2019-nCoV virus-originated in bats. [38] An interdisciplinary team of researchers at Colorado State University has used computational chemistry, biochemistry and virology to uncover new information on how viruses such as West Nile, dengue and Zika replicate. [37] David Baker, Professor of Biochemistry and Director of the Institute for Protein Design at the University of Washington will speak about how algorithmic processes such as de novo design predict protein structures, protein folding mechanisms, and new protein functions. [36] A research team at Kobe University has developed a method of artificially controlling the anchorage position of target proteins in engineered baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). [35]
Category: Physics of Biology

Neutron Beam to Find a Proton

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

Tsukuba has used neutron crystallography to reveal high-resolution structural details of a very large oxidase protein. [30] Polymer gels, a gel type with unique properties, have piqued the interest of researchers because of their potential uses in medical applications. [29] Tensorial neutron tomography promises new insights into superconductors, battery electrodes and other energy-related materials. [28] CERN's nuclear physics facility, ISOLDE, has minted a new coin in its impressive collection of isotopes. [27] In the case of several light nuclei, experimental confirmation of the individualism or family nature of nucleons will now be simpler, thanks to predictions presented by Polish physicists from Cracow and Kielce. [26] The identification of the magic number of six provides an avenue to investigate the origin of spin-orbit splittings in atomic nuclei. [25] Now, physicists are working toward getting their first CT scans of the inner workings of the nucleus. [24] The process of the sticking together of quarks, called hadronisation, is still poorly understood. [23] In experimental campaigns using the OMEGA EP laser at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE) at the University of Rochester, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), University of California San Diego (UCSD) and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) researchers took radiographs of the shock front, similar to the X-ray radiology in hospitals with protons instead of X-rays. [22] Researchers generate proton beams using a combination of nanoparticles and laser light. [21] Devices based on light, rather than electrons, could revolutionize the speed and security of our future computers. However, one of the major challenges in today's physics is the design of photonic devices, able to transport and switch light through circuits in a stable way. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

Vaccine Delivery to Coronaviruses

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 72 Pages.

Researchers are proposing a possible COVID-19 vaccine that could be good news for resisting current and future pandemics, as well as for the needle-phobic: inhalable vaccines. [42] Simon Fraser University researchers will use their pioneering imaging technology-called Mango, for its bright colour-to develop coronavirus testing kits. [41] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, common human coronaviruses usually cause mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses, like the common cold. [40] When diseases reinforce each other, they rapidly accelerate through the population, then fizzle out as they run out of new hosts. [39] It's no coincidence that some of the worst viral disease outbreaks in recent years-SARS, MERS, Ebola, Marburg and likely the newly arrived 2019-nCoV virus-originated in bats. [38] An interdisciplinary team of researchers at Colorado State University has used computational chemistry, biochemistry and virology to uncover new information on how viruses such as West Nile, dengue and Zika replicate. [37] David Baker, Professor of Biochemistry and Director of the Institute for Protein Design at the University of Washington will speak about how algorithmic processes such as de novo design predict protein structures, protein folding mechanisms, and new protein functions. [36] A research team at Kobe University has developed a method of artificially controlling the anchorage position of target proteins in engineered baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). [35] Scientists have found a new way to home in on the proteins covering a particular cell's surface. The feat offers insight into how brain cells form intricate networks during development. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

Pandemic-2020

Authors: V. A. Kasimov
Comments: 9 Pages. in Russian, in English

The significance of the epidemic 2020 in Russia as of 01.05.2020 is estimated in comparison with China, the USA, Italy and other mass phenomena.
Category: Physics of Biology

Herpes Virus Decoded

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 41 Pages.

"The new findings now make it possible to study the individual genes of the virus much more precisely than before," says Professor Lars Dölken, head of the JMU Chair of Virology. [25] It's very modular, and doesn't require custom designs for each compound, which may help treatment development in the future." [24] However, the rising popularity of nanobiomaterials (NBMs) also raises questions about their potential adverse effects on the environment after excretion and release. [23] Nuclear technology companies Phoenix and SHINE Medical Technologies have achieved a new world record for a nuclear fusion reaction in a steady-state system, the strongest of its kind ever produced on Earth. [22]
Category: Physics of Biology

Brain Tests for Viruses

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

University of Texas at Dallas researchers have developed a promising method for remotely stimulating activity in deep brain regions, advancing understanding of how molecules act in the brain and paving the way for better cancer treatments and therapies for other diseases. [25]
Category: Physics of Biology

Potassium Changes in the Brain

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

The method alongside optical fiber-based endoscope and photometry will allow real-time potassium imaging in freely moving animals. [25] A team of researchers at the University of California's Department of Neurological Surgery and the Center for Integrative Neuroscience in San Francisco has taken another step toward the development of a device able to read a person's mind. [24] Professor Thomas Hills from the Department of Psychology set out to bridge the gap between the philosophical arguments for free will and the neurocognitive realities. [23] Researchers at the University of Twente have designed a tiny needle in which micro-channels can be used for extracting small liquid samples from a local area of the brain. [22]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanoparticles Block HIV Infection

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

It's very modular, and doesn't require custom designs for each compound, which may help treatment development in the future." [24] However, the rising popularity of nanobiomaterials (NBMs) also raises questions about their potential adverse effects on the environment after excretion and release. [23] Nuclear technology companies Phoenix and SHINE Medical Technologies have achieved a new world record for a nuclear fusion reaction in a steady-state system, the strongest of its kind ever produced on Earth. [22]
Category: Physics of Biology

Graphene Cancer Therapy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 78 Pages.

The team plans to continue exploring multi-functional graphene towards the cancer therapy using murine animal model. [50] Researchers from the Institute of Process Engineering (IPE) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Tsinghua University (THU) report a sandwiched superstructure for graphene oxide (GO) that transports through cell membranes. [49] The wonder-material graphene could hold the key to unlocking the next generation of advanced, early stage lung cancer diagnosis. [48] Now, researchers from Brown University's School of Engineering have explained how the phenomenon works, and that explanation could pave the way for a new type of controlled molecular self-assembly. [47] The team has turned graphene oxide (GO) into a soft, moldable and kneadable play dough that can be shaped and reshaped into free-standing, three-dimensional structures. [46]
Category: Physics of Biology

Electromagnetic and Ultrasound Waves Exchange Between Dnas Within Cells, Rnas Within Coronaviruses and Towers in 5G Technology

Authors: Massimo Fioranelli, Alireza Sepehri, Maria Grazia Roccia, Aroonkumar Beesham
Comments: 26 pages, 5 figures

A DNA is built from charged electrons and atoms and has the inductor-like structure. This structure could be divided into linear, toroid and round inductors. These inductors interact with external electromagnetic waves, move and produce some extra waves within the cells. The shapes of these waves are similar to shapes of hexagonal and pentagonal bases of their DNA source. These electromagnetic waves interact with charged particles on the nuclear membranes and lead to their vibrations. By these vibrations, nuclear membranes act like vibrators within a speaker/microphone and some new ultrasound waves are emerged. Thus, DNAs within cells emit both electromagnetic and ultrasound waves. These waves produce some holes in liquids within the nucleus and cells. To fill these holes, some extra hexagonal and pentagonal bases are produced. These bases could join to each other and form some viruses like Coronavirus. To produce these viruses within a cell, its need that wavelength of external waves be shorter than the size of a cell. Thus 5G millimeter waves could be good candidates for applying in constructing Coronaviruses (COVID-19) within biological cells.
Category: Physics of Biology

Prostate Cancer Progression

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 58 Pages.

Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) is a popular method for treating small, inoperable tumours in various anatomical sites. [38] Using DNA, small silica particles, and carbon nanotubes, researchers of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) have developed novel programmable nanocomposites that can be tailored to various applications and programmed to degrade quickly and gently. [37] Scientists at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) have functionalized a simple rod-like building block with hydroxamic acids at both ends. [36]
Category: Physics of Biology

COVID-19 Detected with Microwaves

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 73 Pages.

A system that checks from a safe distance whether someone is displaying symptoms of COVID-19 has been developed by Urs Schneider and colleagues at the Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation in Stuttgart, Germany. [43] Although the test still needs to be tested on intact viral RNA from patient samples, it could help relieve the current pressure on PCR-based tests, the researchers say. [42] Simon Fraser University researchers will use their pioneering imaging technology-called Mango, for its bright colour-to develop coronavirus testing kits. [41] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, common human coronaviruses usually cause mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses, like the common cold. [40] When diseases reinforce each other, they rapidly accelerate through the population, then fizzle out as they run out of new hosts. [39] It's no coincidence that some of the worst viral disease outbreaks in recent years-SARS, MERS, Ebola, Marburg and likely the newly arrived 2019-nCoV virus-originated in bats. [38] An interdisciplinary team of researchers at Colorado State University has used computational chemistry, biochemistry and virology to uncover new information on how viruses such as West Nile, dengue and Zika replicate. [37] David Baker, Professor of Biochemistry and Director of the Institute for Protein Design at the University of Washington will speak about how algorithmic processes such as de novo design predict protein structures, protein folding mechanisms, and new protein functions. [36] A research team at Kobe University has developed a method of artificially controlling the anchorage position of target proteins in engineered baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). [35] Scientists have found a new way to home in on the proteins covering a particular cell's surface. The feat offers insight into how brain cells form intricate networks during development. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

Imaging Reduce Cancer Surgeries

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 59 Pages.

A team of University of Alberta engineers is refining a new imaging technique that could reduce the number of repeat surgeries patients undergo to remove cancerous tumors. [39] Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) is a popular method for treating small, inoperable tumours in various anatomical sites. [38] Using DNA, small silica particles, and carbon nanotubes, researchers of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) have developed novel programmable nanocomposites that can be tailored to various applications and programmed to degrade quickly and gently. [37]
Category: Physics of Biology

Homemade Face Masks

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 74 Pages.

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that people wear masks in public. [44] A system that checks from a safe distance whether someone is displaying symptoms of COVID-19 has been developed by Urs Schneider and colleagues at the Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation in Stuttgart, Germany. [43] Although the test still needs to be tested on intact viral RNA from patient samples, it could help relieve the current pressure on PCR-based tests, the researchers say. [42] Simon Fraser University researchers will use their pioneering imaging technology-called Mango, for its bright colour-to develop coronavirus testing kits. [41] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, common human coronaviruses usually cause mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses, like the common cold. [40] When diseases reinforce each other, they rapidly accelerate through the population, then fizzle out as they run out of new hosts. [39] It's no coincidence that some of the worst viral disease outbreaks in recent years-SARS, MERS, Ebola, Marburg and likely the newly arrived 2019-nCoV virus-originated in bats. [38] An interdisciplinary team of researchers at Colorado State University has used computational chemistry, biochemistry and virology to uncover new information on how viruses such as West Nile, dengue and Zika replicate. [37] David Baker, Professor of Biochemistry and Director of the Institute for Protein Design at the University of Washington will speak about how algorithmic processes such as de novo design predict protein structures, protein folding mechanisms, and new protein functions. [36] A research team at Kobe University has developed a method of artificially controlling the anchorage position of target proteins in engineered baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). [35] Scientists have found a new way to home in on the proteins covering a particular cell's surface. The feat offers insight into how brain cells form intricate networks during development. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanohybrid Vehicle Deliver Drugs

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

Researchers in The University of Texas at El Paso's Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry have developed a nanohybrid vehicle that can be used to optimally deliver drugs into the human body. [32] Researchers at The University of Texas at Austin have developed new guidelines for fabricating nanoscale gel materials, or nanogels, that can deliver numerous therapeutic treatments to treat cancer in a precise manner. In addition to enabling the delivery of drugs in response to tumors, their nanogels can target malignant cells (or biomarkers), degrade into nontoxic components and execute multiple clinical functions. [31]
Category: Physics of Biology

Deliver Therapeutics Inside the Body

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

A new way to deliver therapeutic proteins inside the body uses an acoustically sensitive carrier to encapsulate the proteins and ultrasound to image and guide the package to the exact location required, according to Penn State researchers. [31] MIT engineers have designed tiny robots that can help drug-delivery nanoparticles push their way out of the bloodstream and into a tumor or another disease site. [30] Researchers have shown that existing optical fibre technology could be used to produce microscopic 3-D images of tissue inside the body, paving the way towards 3-D optical biopsies. [29] Researchers at MIT, working with surgeons and oncologists at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), have now developed a way to improve the accuracy of this surgery, called debulking. [28] Scientists at the University of Bristol have invented a new technology that could lead to the development of a new generation of smart surgical glues and dressings for chronic wounds. [27] Elaborate molecular networks inside living cells enable them to sense and process many signals from the environment to perform desired cellular functions. [26] RNA sequencing is a technique used to analyze entire genomes by looking at the expression of their genes. [25] Researchers from the University of Chicago have developed a high-throughput RNA sequencing strategy to study the activity of the gut microbiome. [24] Today a large international consortium of researchers published a complex but important study looking at how DNA works in animals. [23] Asymmetry plays a major role in biology at every scale: think of DNA spirals, the fact that the human heart is positioned on the left, our preference to use our left or right hand ... [22] Scientists reveal how a 'molecular machine' in bacterial cells prevents fatal DNA twisting, which could be crucial in the development of new antibiotic treatments. [21]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanoparticle Treatment for Bone Defects

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 73 Pages.

A team of biomaterials scientists and dentists at the UCLA School of Dentistry has developed a nanoparticle that, based on initial experiments in animals, could improve treatment for bone defects. [42] Northeastern chemical engineer Thomas Webster, who specializes in developing nano-scale medicine and technology to treat diseases, is part of a contingency of scientists that are contributing ideas and technology to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to fight the COVID-19 outbreak. [41] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, common human coronaviruses usually cause mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses, like the common cold. [40] When diseases reinforce each other, they rapidly accelerate through the population, then fizzle out as they run out of new hosts. [39] It's no coincidence that some of the worst viral disease outbreaks in recent years-SARS, MERS, Ebola, Marburg and likely the newly arrived 2019-nCoV virus-originated in bats. [38] An interdisciplinary team of researchers at Colorado State University has used computational chemistry, biochemistry and virology to uncover new information on how viruses such as West Nile, dengue and Zika replicate. [37] David Baker, Professor of Biochemistry and Director of the Institute for Protein Design at the University of Washington will speak about how algorithmic processes such as de novo design predict protein structures, protein folding mechanisms, and new protein functions. [36] A research team at Kobe University has developed a method of artificially controlling the anchorage position of target proteins in engineered baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). [35] Scientists have found a new way to home in on the proteins covering a particular cell's surface. The feat offers insight into how brain cells form intricate networks during development. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

Ultrasound-Assisted Blood Preserve

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

Researchers at the University of Louisville have demonstrated a new way to use ultrasound to create pores in blood cells, which allows the molecule trehalose to enter the cells and prevent their degradation when dried for preservation. [25] A team of researchers at the University of California's Department of Neurological Surgery and the Center for Integrative Neuroscience in San Francisco has taken another step toward the development of a device able to read a person's mind. [24]
Category: Physics of Biology

Universal Self-Assembly

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 33 Pages.

Now, a team of scientists in Turkey has demonstrated the fundamental principles of a universal self-assembly process acting on a range of materials—starting from a few atoms-large quantum dots up to nearly 100 trillion atoms-large human cells. [21] Researchers at Houston Methodist and Rice University have made a discovery that will impact the design of not only drug delivery systems, but also the development of newer applications in water filtration and energy production. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

3-D Images of Live Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 72 Pages.

The insides of living cells can be seen in their natural state in greater detail than ever before using a new technique developed by researchers in Japan. [47] Scientists have been using fluorescence microscopy to study the inner workings of biological cells and organisms for decades. [46] Selecting the most effective molecules for drug delivery is often a trial-and-error process, but Cornell engineers are providing some precision thanks to a technique that reveals the performance of those molecules inside living cells. [45] Now, researchers at MIT and elsewhere have developed a system to deliver medical treatments that can be released at precise times, minimally-invasively, and that ultimately could also deliver those drugs to specifically targeted areas such as a specific group of neurons in the brain. [44] Gene editing technology is a technology that eliminates the underlying causes of and treats diseases by removing specific genesor editing genes to restore their normal function. In particular, CRISPR gene editing technology is now commonly used for immunotherapy by correcting the genes of immune cells to induce them to attack cancer cells selectively. [43]
Category: Physics of Biology

Self-Aligning Super-Resolution Microscopy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 61 Pages.

UNSW medical researchers have achieved unprecedented resolution capabilities in single-molecule microscopy to detect interactions between individual molecules within intact cells. [38] Scientists at the University of Würzburg have been able to boost current super-resolution microscopy by a novel tweak. [37] "We put the optical microscope under a microscope to achieve accuracy near the atomic scale," said NIST's Samuel Stavis, who served as the project leader for these efforts. [36] Researchers have designed an interferometer that works with magnetic quasiparticles called magnons, rather than photons as in conventional interferometers. [35]
Category: Physics of Biology

Non-Linear Hexagonal/pentagonal Ultrasound Waves Exchange Between Covid-19 and Dermatologic Antenna

Authors: Alireza Sepehri, Massimo Fioranelli, Maria Grazia Roccia, Aroonkumar Beesham
Comments: 25 pages, 12 figures

In this research, we propose an antenna model for cells and determine the shape and the wavelength of DNA ultrasound waves which are emited or received by dermatologic antenna. In this model, we show that the structure of a DNA within a nucleus is very similar to an inductor within a speaker/microphone and produce some ultrasound waves. We divide the structure of a DNA into several linear and curved inductors. Linear inductors emit linear magnetic fields and curved inductors produce curved waves. Also, DNA inductors are built from hexagonal and pentagonal bases and consequently emit hexagonal and pentagonal waves. On the other hand, nuclear membranes play the role of magnets within a speaker/microphone. Charged particles out and within nucleus, produce some electric fields along nuclear membranes. These fields produce some currents along membranes. These currents emit some magnetic fields which interact with DNA inductors. The interactions between magnetic fields of membrane and DNA inductors lead to their motions. By motions of charged particles within DNA inductors, some currents are emerged. These currents emit some extra magnetic fields. These magnetic fields interact with nuclear membranes and vibrate them. In these conditions, membranes play the role of plastic within a speaker/microphone. By vibrating nuclear membranes, some linear/curved hexagonal/pentagonal ultrasound waves are emerged. Frequency of these waves are more than frequency of light waves and their wavelengths are smaller than size of air molecules. Thus, these waves pass air molecules and propagate in any empty vacuum. These waves could be taken by viral RNAs in COVID-19 and move them. These RNAs act like the round inductors, vibrate and lead to the vibrations of viral membranes. By vibrations of RNA membranes, some new waves are emerged that are taken by dermatologic antennas. Exchanging waves between Covid-19 and dermatologic antennas causes to absrorptions of viruses by biological human’s body. Wavelenths of Coronaviruses are in the range of wavelengths in 5G technology. Thus, using waves in this technology, we can control COVID-19. On the other hand, millimeter waves in 5G technology could be absorbed by the cell membranes. These waves move molecules within cells and produce some stronger waves. These new waves pass the nuclear membranes, move DNAs and produce some hexagonal/pentagonal holes. To fill these holes, some bases are emerged. These bases join to each other and form some viral RNAs like RNAs of Coronaviruses. Thus, millimeter waves in 5G technology could play the role in constructing Coronaviruses within cells.
Category: Physics of Biology

MRI Quantify Axonal Brain Features

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

"The non-invasive quantification of axon diameters using MRI allows clinicians and researchers to identify problems and developmental pathways that arise in the depths of the brain, driving forward treatment and understanding of development and disease progression." [27] Light could replace invasive techniques to measure brain temperature-eliminating the need to place a thermometer in the brain when treating a range of neurological disorders. [26] Now a team led by researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology has engineered a way of studying the barrier more closely with the intent of helping drug developers do the same. In a new study, the researchers cultured the human blood-brain barrier on a chip, recreating its physiology more realistically than predecessor chips. [25]
Category: Physics of Biology

Optical Coherence Tomography Contrast

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

The Netherlands, and University of Surrey, UK—seeding the common ground needed to foster reliable new contrast potential in OCT. [26] But now a team at the University of Massachusetts Amherst has discovered, while on their way to better understanding protein nanowires, how to use these biological, electricity conducting filaments to make a neuromorphic memristor, or "memory transistor," device. [25] A team of researchers at the University of California's Department of Neurological Surgery and the Center for Integrative Neuroscience in San Francisco has taken another step toward the development of a device able to read a person's mind. [24]
Category: Physics of Biology

Drug Delivery Blood-Brain Barrier

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 54 Pages.

A Japanese research team has developed a cyclic peptide (a chain of amino acids bonded circularly) that enhances blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration. [31] MIT engineers have designed tiny robots that can help drug-delivery nanoparticles push their way out of the bloodstream and into a tumor or another disease site. [30] Researchers have shown that existing optical fibre technology could be used to produce microscopic 3-D images of tissue inside the body, paving the way towards 3-D optical biopsies. [29] Researchers at MIT, working with surgeons and oncologists at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), have now developed a way to improve the accuracy of this surgery, called debulking. [28] Scientists at the University of Bristol have invented a new technology that could lead to the development of a new generation of smart surgical glues and dressings for chronic wounds. [27] Elaborate molecular networks inside living cells enable them to sense and process many signals from the environment to perform desired cellular functions. [26] RNA sequencing is a technique used to analyze entire genomes by looking at the expression of their genes. [25] Researchers from the University of Chicago have developed a high-throughput RNA sequencing strategy to study the activity of the gut microbiome. [24] Today a large international consortium of researchers published a complex but important study looking at how DNA works in animals. [23] Asymmetry plays a major role in biology at every scale: think of DNA spirals, the fact that the human heart is positioned on the left, our preference to use our left or right hand ... [22] Scientists reveal how a 'molecular machine' in bacterial cells prevents fatal DNA twisting, which could be crucial in the development of new antibiotic treatments. [21]
Category: Physics of Biology

Molecular Elevator Features

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

Biophysicists from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology and the University of Groningen in the Netherlands have visualized a nearly complete transport cycle of the mammalian glutamate transporter homologue from archaea. [22] Using a piece of molecular "Velcro" to attach a light-emitting probe to a protein molecule, University of Wollongong (UOW) researchers have unlocked the mystery of how an important protein goes about repairing damaged DNA in bacteria, with implications for understanding how antibiotic resistance develops. [21] In new research, Hao Yan of Arizona State University and his colleagues describe an innovative DNA walker, capable of rapidly traversing a prepared track. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase-a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13]
Category: Physics of Biology

Carbon Nanotubes Detect Plant Damaged

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 68 Pages.

MIT engineers have developed a way to closely track how plants respond to stresses such as injury, infection, and light damage, using sensors made of carbon nanotubes. [41] Researchers of the Microelectronics Research Unit (MIC) at the University of Oulu, in collaboration with Tampere University, have demonstrated that carbon nanotubes can be used to control the direction of neural cell growth. [40] Now Shulaker and his team in Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, alongside researchers at Analog Devices, Inc.(ADI) also in Massachusetts USA, have taken on a series of challenges that have hampered carbon nanotube (CNT) computers since the first carbon nanotube transistors were reported in the late 1990s. [39]
Category: Physics of Biology

Protein Unfolding by SDS

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 54 Pages.

Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have used molecular dynamics simulations to understand how sodium dodecyl sulfate causes protein unfolding. [29] Biochemists can use electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) on protein single crystals to determine the ultimate electronic structure of paramagnetic protein intermediates and investigate the relative magnetic tensor to a molecular structure. [28] Random bit sequences are key ingredients of various tasks in modern life and especially in secure communication. In a new study researchers have determined that generating true random bit sequences, classical or quantum, is an impossible mission. [27] A quantum circuit that can unambiguously test for information scrambling in an experiment could help verify the calculations of quantum computers and even shed more light on what happens to quantum information when it falls into a black hole. [26] Researchers at the University of Florence and Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, in Italy, have recently proved that the invasiveness of quantum measurements might not always be detrimental. [25] Now, researchers in the UK and Israel have created miniscule engines within a block of synthetic diamond, and have shown that electronic superposition can boost their power beyond that of classical devices. [24] In the latest wrinkle to be discovered in cubic boron arsenide, the unusual material contradicts the traditional rules that govern heat conduction, according to a new report by Boston College researchers in today's edition of the journal Nature Communications. [23] Beyond the beauty of this phenomenon, which connects heating processes to topology through an elegant quantization law, the results reported in this work designate heating measurements as a powerful and universal probe for exotic states of matter. [22]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanoparticles Acidic Alert

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 68 Pages.

Researchers at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU) in Munich have synthesized nanoparticles that can be induced by a change in pH to release a deadly dose of ionized iron within cells. [42] A recent study, affiliated with South Korea's Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) has introduced a novel targeted drug delivery system in the fight against cancer. [41] One day, hospital patients might be able to ingest tiny robots that deliver drugs directly to diseased tissue, thanks to research being carried out at EPFL and ETH Zurich. [40]
Category: Physics of Biology

Peptide Inhibitors for COVID-19

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 46 Pages.

Scientists across the globe are rushing to find inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2, the new coronavirus behind the COVID-19 pandemic. [27] Artificial intelligence (AI) can diagnose COVID-19 from CT scans, researchers in China claim [26] Researchers in Berlin and Heidelberg have now developed an intelligent neural network that can predict the functions of proteins in the human body. [25]
Category: Physics of Biology

Covid-19 Test Detects Viral DNA

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 71 Pages.

Although the test still needs to be tested on intact viral RNA from patient samples, it could help relieve the current pressure on PCR-based tests, the researchers say. [42] Simon Fraser University researchers will use their pioneering imaging technology-called Mango, for its bright colour-to develop coronavirus testing kits. [41] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, common human coronaviruses usually cause mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses, like the common cold. [40] When diseases reinforce each other, they rapidly accelerate through the population, then fizzle out as they run out of new hosts. [39] It's no coincidence that some of the worst viral disease outbreaks in recent years-SARS, MERS, Ebola, Marburg and likely the newly arrived 2019-nCoV virus-originated in bats. [38] An interdisciplinary team of researchers at Colorado State University has used computational chemistry, biochemistry and virology to uncover new information on how viruses such as West Nile, dengue and Zika replicate. [37] David Baker, Professor of Biochemistry and Director of the Institute for Protein Design at the University of Washington will speak about how algorithmic processes such as de novo design predict protein structures, protein folding mechanisms, and new protein functions. [36] A research team at Kobe University has developed a method of artificially controlling the anchorage position of target proteins in engineered baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). [35] Scientists have found a new way to home in on the proteins covering a particular cell's surface. The feat offers insight into how brain cells form intricate networks during development. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

X-ray Lasers of Biological Molecules

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

One of the great advantages of X-ray free-electron lasers like the one at the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory is that they allow researchers to determine the structure of biological molecules in natural environments. [23] The systematic review of the technology as applied to biology and pharmacology by the MIPT team will no doubt aid other researchers seeking to obtain the structures of key drug targets to develop new medications. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase-a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14]
Category: Physics of Biology

Perovskite Low-Dose Medical Imaging

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

The thin-film perovskite detectors could enable medical and dental imaging at extremely low radiation dose, while also boosting resolution in security scanners and X-ray research applications. [23] Nuclear technology companies Phoenix and SHINE Medical Technologies have achieved a new world record for a nuclear fusion reaction in a steady-state system, the strongest of its kind ever produced on Earth. [22]
Category: Physics of Biology

Genes Affecting Life Span

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 74 Pages.

Scientists believe about 25 percent of the differences in human life span is determined by genetics-with the rest determined by environmental and lifestyle factors. But they don't yet know all the genes that contribute to a long life. [44] Researchers in Japan have discovered that the DNA inside human cells moves around less when its genes are active. [43] Matthias Wilmanns and colleagues at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Hamburg, Germany, developed methods to study the structure of a protein "strain absorber" as it changes during muscle contractions. [42] Using pulsed infrared light lasers, scientists have activated molecules located inside neural tissue with an efficiency of almost 100 percent. [41] DNA damage is occurring in our cells all the time due to external agents, such as exposure to sun, or internal agents, like reactive oxygen species. To detect and repair DNA lesions, cells have evolved DNA damage response. [40] When Greg Bowman presents a slideshow about the proteins he studies, their 3-D shapes and folding patterns play out as animations on a big screen. [39] Researchers at the University of Helsinki uncovered the mechanisms for a novel cellular stress response arising from the toxicity of newly synthesized proteins. [38] Scientists have long sought to develop drug therapies that can more precisely diagnose, target and effectively treat life-threatening illness such as cancer, cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases. [37] Skin cells taken from patients with a rare genetic disorder are up to ten times more sensitive to damage from ultraviolet A (AVA) radiation in laboratory tests, than those from a healthy population, according to new research from the University of Bath. [36] The use of stem cells to repair organs is one of the foremost goals of modern regenerative medicine. [35] Using new technology to reveal the 3-D organization of DNA in maturing male reproductive cells, scientists revealed a crucial period in development that helps explain how fathers pass on genetic information to future generations. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

Genetic Expression and Evolution

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 41 Pages.

A new study by Adam Diehl, Ningxin Ouyang, and Alan Boyle, University of Michigan Medical School and members of the U-M Center for RNA Biomedicine, shows that transposable elements play an important role in regulating genetic expression with implications to advance the understanding of genetic evolution. [24] Researchers at Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen have developed a method to visualize gene expression of cells with an electron microscope. [23] Researchers at Oregon State University have developed an improved technique for using magnetic nanoclusters to kill hard-to-reach tumors. [22]
Category: Physics of Biology

Vulnerable Cells Armor Cholesterol

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 61 Pages.

The findings, published today in Nature Microbiology, could offer new strategies for fighting infections that don't involve antibiotics. [39] Engineers at MIT and elsewhere have tracked the evolution of individual cells within an initially benign tumor, showing how the physical properties of those cells drive the tumor to become invasive, or metastatic. [38] The new treatment employs the alpha particle emitting radionuclide 225Ac. Alpha particles travel a short distance in tissue, thereby limiting their off-target effect. [37]
Category: Physics of Biology

Evolution of Genetic Mutations

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

Quantitative biologists David McCandlish and Juannan Zhou at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have developed an algorithm with predictive power, giving scientists the ability to see how specific genetic mutations can combine to make critical proteins change over the course of a species's evolution. [34] Reconstructing evolutionary branches is tricky, especially when many species share a similar type of protein that might have evolved to perform somewhat different functions. [33] Researchers from the The fight against global antibiotic resistance has taken a major step forward with scientists discovering a concept for fabricating nanomeshes as an effective drug delivery system for antibiotics. [30] The solution consisting of colloidal quantum dots is inkjet-printed, creating active photosensitive layer of the photodetector. [29] I'm part of a group of nanotechnology and neuroscience researchers at the University of Washington investigating how quantum dots behave in the brain. [28] Nanotechnology may provide an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, a team of researchers suggests. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanostructures Fragile Drug to Coronavirus

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 69 Pages.

Researchers are developing new peptide-based therapeutics for targeting and disabling the coronavirus' so-called "spike proteins." [40] When diseases reinforce each other, they rapidly accelerate through the population, then fizzle out as they run out of new hosts. [39] It's no coincidence that some of the worst viral disease outbreaks in recent years-SARS, MERS, Ebola, Marburg and likely the newly arrived 2019-nCoV virus-originated in bats. [38] An interdisciplinary team of researchers at Colorado State University has used computational chemistry, biochemistry and virology to uncover new information on how viruses such as West Nile, dengue and Zika replicate. [37] David Baker, Professor of Biochemistry and Director of the Institute for Protein Design at the University of Washington will speak about how algorithmic processes such as de novo design predict protein structures, protein folding mechanisms, and new protein functions. [36] A research team at Kobe University has developed a method of artificially controlling the anchorage position of target proteins in engineered baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). [35] Scientists have found a new way to home in on the proteins covering a particular cell's surface. The feat offers insight into how brain cells form intricate networks during development. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

3-D Imaging Fluorescence Microscopy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 70 Pages.

Scientists have been using fluorescence microscopy to study the inner workings of biological cells and organisms for decades. [46] Selecting the most effective molecules for drug delivery is often a trial-and-error process, but Cornell engineers are providing some precision thanks to a technique that reveals the performance of those molecules inside living cells. [45] Now, researchers at MIT and elsewhere have developed a system to deliver medical treatments that can be released at precise times, minimally-invasively, and that ultimately could also deliver those drugs to specifically targeted areas such as a specific group of neurons in the brain. [44] Gene editing technology is a technology that eliminates the underlying causes of and treats diseases by removing specific genesor editing genes to restore their normal function. In particular, CRISPR gene editing technology is now commonly used for immunotherapy by correcting the genes of immune cells to induce them to attack cancer cells selectively. [43]
Category: Physics of Biology

Model for Coronavirus Infection

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 68 Pages.

At the Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology in Berlin, a research team led by Director Thomas F Meyer has developed a model of the human lung epithelium on which to test compounds to combat the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. [40] When diseases reinforce each other, they rapidly accelerate through the population, then fizzle out as they run out of new hosts. [39] It's no coincidence that some of the worst viral disease outbreaks in recent years-SARS, MERS, Ebola, Marburg and likely the newly arrived 2019-nCoV virus-originated in bats. [38] An interdisciplinary team of researchers at Colorado State University has used computational chemistry, biochemistry and virology to uncover new information on how viruses such as West Nile, dengue and Zika replicate. [37] David Baker, Professor of Biochemistry and Director of the Institute for Protein Design at the University of Washington will speak about how algorithmic processes such as de novo design predict protein structures, protein folding mechanisms, and new protein functions. [36] A research team at Kobe University has developed a method of artificially controlling the anchorage position of target proteins in engineered baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). [35] Scientists have found a new way to home in on the proteins covering a particular cell's surface. The feat offers insight into how brain cells form intricate networks during development. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

Chromosome Inheritance

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 65 Pages.

Susanne Hellmuth and Olaf Stemmann from the chair of genetics at the University of Bayreuth have now discovered a previously unknown mechanism that regulates the activity of the separase. [34] A team of UNSW scientists at the School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences led by Professor Andrew Brown have shown how a key enzyme that contributes to cholesterol production can be regulated—and destroyed—using a particular molecule. [33] Synthetic proteins have been created that move in response to their environment in predictable and tunable ways. [32]
Category: Physics of Biology

Light Driven Proton Pump

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 59 Pages.

Researchers investigated the group of microorganisms classified as Asgard archaea, and found a protein in their membrane which acts as a miniature light-activated pump. [32] Proton CT is proposed as an alternative to X-ray CT for acquiring relative stopping power (RSP) maps for use in proton treatment planning. [31] Since protons were first used to treat hospital cancer patients in the early 1990s, around 100 000 people have benefited from this alternative form of radiation therapy. [30] Researchers have moved closer to the real-time verification of hadron therapy, demonstrating the in vivo accuracy of simulations that predict particle range in the patient. [29] A biomimetic nanosystem can deliver therapeutic proteins to selectively target cancerous tumors, according to a team of Penn State researchers. [28] Sunlight is essential for all life, and living organisms have evolved to sense and respond to light. [27] Using X-ray laser technology, a team led by researchers of the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI has recorded one of the fastest processes in biology. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23]
Category: Physics of Biology

Remote Control of Hormone Release

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 61 Pages.

MIT researchers have now devised a way to remotely control the release of the Institute for Protein Design at the University of Washington will speak about how algorithmic processes such as de novo design predict protein structures, protein folding mechanisms, and new protein functions. [36] A research team at Kobe University has developed a method of artificially controlling the anchorage position of target proteins in engineered baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). [35] Scientists have found a new way to home in on the proteins covering a particular cell's surface. The feat offers insight into how brain cells form intricate networks during development. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

Treatment of COVID-19 by Improving Blood Supply in Lung

Authors: Bing Luo
Comments: 5 Pages.

In blood circulation (systemic circulation), the order of blood circulation is that arterial blood flows into capillaries only after venous blood refluxes. The human body controls the flow of arterial blood into capillaries by controlling the flow of venous blood. The refluxing power of venous blood changes with the rotation and revolution of the earth, and leads to changes in arterial blood obtained by cells, tissues and organs. If the refluxing power of venous blood of the lungs has a problem, the actual amount of blood obtained by the lungs will be less than the amount of blood distributed to the lungs by the human body (supplying the lungs with nutrients and oxygen they need), and what Pasteur called “the terrain” (There is a paragraph in Seasons of Life: “On his deathbed, Louis Pasteur, the founder of the germ theory of disease, allegedly said, ‘the germ is nothing, the terrain is everything’.”) will form in the lungs.
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanoparticles Brain Cancer Treatment

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 64 Pages.

"But this finding suggests a new direction for developing nanoparticles for drug delivery to the brain by targeting LAT1 molecules." [36] Johns Hopkins researchers report that a type of biodegradable, lab-engineered nanoparticle they fashioned can successfully deliver a "suicide gene" to pediatric brain tumor cells implanted in the brains of mice. [35] A new study at the University of Georgia has found a way to attack cancer cells that is potentially less harmful to the patient. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanomaterials Wipe Out Microbes

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 75 Pages.

In an effort to make highly sensitive sensors to measure sugar and other vital signs of human health, Iowa State University's Sonal Padalkar figured out how to deposit nanomaterials on cloth and paper. [42] Bioengineers can design smart drugs for antibody and nanomaterial-based therapies to optimize drug efficiency for increasingly efficient, early-stage preclinical trials. [41] Many of these products use nanomaterials, but little is known about how these modern materials and their tiny particles interact with the environment and living things. [40] When chemists from the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw were starting work on a new material designed for the efficient production of nanocrystalline zinc oxide, they didn't expect any surprises. [39] Now writing in Light Science & Applications, Hamidreza Siampour and co-workers have taken a step forward in the field of integrated quantum plasmonics by demonstrating on-chip coupling between a single photon source and plasmonic waveguide. [38] Researchers at University of Utah Health developed a proof-of-concept technology using nanoparticles that could offer a new approach for oral medications. [37] Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), extremely high resolution imaging of the molecule-covered surface structures of silver nanoparticles is possible, even down to the recognition of individual parts of the molecules protecting the surface. [36] A fiber optic sensing system developed by researchers in China and Canada can peer inside supercapacitors and batteries to observe their state of charge. [35] The idea of using a sound wave in optical fibers initially came from the team's partner researchers at Bar-Ilan University in Israel. Joint research projects should follow. [34] Researchers at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology have constructed a first-of-its-kind optic isolator based on resonance of light waves on a rapidly rotating glass sphere. [33]
Category: Physics of Biology

Monitor Alzheimer's Proteins

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

Physicists at the Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), within the Institute for Basic Science (IBS, South Korea), have reported a new method to identify the aggregation state of amyloid beta (Aβ) proteins in solution. [25] For the first time, scientists have developed a computer simulation of how clumps of defective proteins in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's spread through the brain, much of the time in stealth mode, over as long as 30 years. [24] Now, researchers at Stevens Institute of Technology and colleagues have modeled how these toxic proteins spread throughout the brain to reproduce the telltale patterns of atrophy associated with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or ALS. [23]
Category: Physics of Biology

Actin Sheds Light on Cell Function

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

A tiny chemical modification on one of the most abundant and important proteins in cells, actin, has long been somewhat mysterious, its function not fully understood, but scientists from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania have now taken a big step towards clearing up the mystery. [27] It's a remarkable choreography. In each of our bodies, more than 37 trillion cells tightly coordinate with other cells to organize into the numerous tissues and organs that make us tick. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

Fertilized Egg Sends Signal

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

Researchers have discovered the health of the fertilized embryo determines the functional health of the mother, which has implications for healthy aging, stress resilience and suppression of protein damage. [27] It's a remarkable choreography. In each of our bodies, more than 37 trillion cells tightly coordinate with other cells to organize into the numerous tissues and organs that make us tick. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19]
Category: Physics of Biology

Gold Nanoparticles Attacking Cancer Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

The unique design of these nanoparticles reduces the side effects of the drugs, potentially improving patients' quality of life. [28] Gene editing is one of the hottest topics in cancer research. A Chinese research team has now developed a gold-nanoparticle-based multifunctional vehicle to transport the "gene scissors" to the tumor cell genome. [27]
Category: Physics of Biology

Biological Tissues Communication

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

Visible light communications (VLC), and optical communications overall, caught professor Marcos Katz's interest when he and his team first demonstrated in 2017 a reconfigurable hybrid wireless network exploiting VLC and radio technologies. [24] A Rutgers-led team has created better biosensor technology that may help lead to safe stem cell therapies for treating Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and other neurological disorders. [23] Biology encodes information in DNA and RNA, which are complex molecules finely tuned to their functions. [22]
Category: Physics of Biology

Microrobots Deliver Drugs to Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 76 Pages.

Tiny biohybrid robots on the micrometer scale can swim through the body and deliver drugs to tumors or provide other cargo-carrying functions. [50] The hope is that further research into cilia will help untangle the complex relationship between them and cancer, and provide both new insights into some of the drivers of cancer as well as new targets for cancer treatment. [49] Researchers have found that changing the mechanical properties of individual cells disrupts their ability to remain stable, profoundly affecting their health and the health of the tissue that comprises them. [48]
Category: Physics of Biology

Atomic Microscopy in Bacterial Membrane

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 35 Pages.

Now, Azuma Taoka from Kanazawa University, Nobuhiko Nomura from Tsukuba University and colleagues have addressed this question, and demonstrate a previously unrecognized physical heterogeneity in the membrane vesicles of four types of bacterium. [25] Physicists at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) have successfully generated controlled electron pulses in the attosecond range. [24] A University of Oklahoma physicist, Alberto M. Marino, is developing quantum-enhanced sensors that could find their way into applications ranging from biomedical to chemical detection. [23]
Category: Physics of Biology

DNA Biosensor Disease Detection

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 66 Pages.

The researchers used nanotechnology in biomedical diagnostics-a process called nanodiagnostics-to create a new, ultrasensitive DNA biosensor. [41] A group of researchers from ITMO University has come up with the concept of a new drug against cancer: a nanorobot made of DNA fragments, which can potentially be used not only to destroy cancer cells, but also to locate them in the body. [40] A team of researchers at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Israel has now made such cascades in the lab by encapsulating three enzymes and enzyme cofactors in nanoreactors made from metal-organic framework nanoparticles. [39] Researchers have developed a new form of nanoparticle and associated imaging technique that can detect multiple disease biomarkers, including those for breast cancer, found in deep-tissue in the body. [38] Researchers at University of Utah Health developed a proof-of-concept technology using nanoparticles that could offer a new approach for oral medications. [37] Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), extremely high resolution imaging of the molecule-covered surface structures of silver nanoparticles is possible, even down to the recognition of individual parts of the molecules protecting the surface. [36] A fiber optic sensing system developed by researchers in China and Canada can peer inside supercapacitors and batteries to observe their state of charge. [35] The idea of using a sound wave in optical fibers initially came from the team's partner researchers at Bar-Ilan University in Israel. Joint research projects should follow. [34] Researchers at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology have constructed a first-of-its-kind optic isolator based on resonance of light waves on a rapidly rotating glass sphere. [33] The micro-resonator is a two-mirror trap for the light, with the mirrors facing each other within several hundred nanometers. [32]
Category: Physics of Biology

Cern Covid-19 Ventilator

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 68 Pages.

Physics experts are working at Europe's CERN lab to create a basic ventilator for mild coronavirus sufferers and recovering patients, the facility said on Wednesday. [40] When diseases reinforce each other, they rapidly accelerate through the population, then fizzle out as they run out of new hosts. [39] It's no coincidence that some of the worst viral disease outbreaks in recent years-SARS, MERS, Ebola, Marburg and likely the newly arrived 2019-nCoV virus-originated in bats. [38] An interdisciplinary team of researchers at Colorado State University has used computational chemistry, biochemistry and virology to uncover new information on how viruses such as West Nile, dengue and Zika replicate. [37] David Baker, Professor of Biochemistry and Director of the Institute for Protein Design at the University of Washington will speak about how algorithmic processes such as de novo design predict protein structures, protein folding mechanisms, and new protein functions. [36] A research team at Kobe University has developed a method of artificially controlling the anchorage position of target proteins in engineered baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). [35] Scientists have found a new way to home in on the proteins covering a particular cell's surface. The feat offers insight into how brain cells form intricate networks during development. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

Corona Hysteria and Our Cosmic Connection

Authors: Edward J Steele, N Chandra Wickramasinghe, Jiangwen Qu, Robert Temple, Gensuke Tokoro
Comments: 5 Pages.

The Scientific, Economic and Political issues surrounding the origin and global spread of COVID-19 are discussed.
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanotechnology Treatment for Endometriosis

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 70 Pages.

Scientists have developed a precise, nanotechnology-based treatment to alleviate the pain and fertility problems associated with endometriosis, a common gynecological condition in women of childbearing age. [43] Brazilian and European researchers have demonstrated exactly how a nanotechnology-based compound delivers an oral vaccine against hepatitis B to the immune system. [42]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanoseconds Machines Sense and See

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 67 Pages.

Researchers in Austria have designed a network of image sensors in which images are encoded as bright pixels with varying optical intensities. [38] Researchers of the University of Twente and Wageningen University developed a nanosensor that accurately detects biomarkers for cancer in an extremely broad range of concentrations, from 10 particles per microliter to 1 million particles per microliter. [37] Nanoparticles easily enter into cells. New insights about how they are distributed and what they do there are shown for the first time by high-resolution 3D microscopy images from BESSY II. [36]
Category: Physics of Biology

The Nature of the Origin of the Coronavirus Revealed Measures to Stop the Pandemic

Authors: V.Korniienko, V.Belocrinicky, I.Vikulin
Comments: 37 Pages. In English and Russian

The cause of the natural hotbeds of the coronavirus pandemic is ambiguous, which causes its rapid development. This reason reveals a technique that shows that matter has a quantum electromagnetic field (QEF) that provides stability to the properties of any matter. It is shown that despite the absence of Sun activity, it generates waves of quantum electromagnetic energies (S-radiations). They contain information whose effect on the QEF of human matter causes the development of coronavirus in his body and the emergence of natural centers of pandemic. Measures have been proposed, the implementation of which will exclude the possibility of the emergence of natural centers of coronavirus and will revive the economy.
Category: Physics of Biology

Protective Equipment Against COVID-19

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 72 Pages.

Current WHO guidelines for respiratory disease containment are based on a model of droplet spray transmission that dates from the 1930s. [41] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, common human coronaviruses usually cause mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses, like the common cold. [40] When diseases reinforce each other, they rapidly accelerate through the population, then fizzle out as they run out of new hosts. [39]
Category: Physics of Biology

Antibiotic Quantum Wave

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

In the new work published in Nature Communications, Armin Shayeghi and colleagues demonstrate for the first time quantum interference of the natural polypeptide gramicidin, an antibiotic made of 15 covalently bound amino acids. [22] DNA data storage may become easier to read and write than before, according to researchers at the University of Cambridge Cavendish Laboratory in the U.K. [21] Researchers at the University of Wollongong's (UOW) Molecular Horizons initiative have shed new light on how an important but not well understood protein goes about its vital role of reducing errors and mutations in DNA replication. [20] DNA is a lengthy molecule-approximately 1,000-fold longer than the cell in which it resides-so it can't be jammed in haphazardly. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase-a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13] Researchers have fused living and non-living cells for the first time in a way that allows them to work together, paving the way for new applications. [12] UZH researchers have discovered a previously unknown way in which proteins interact with one another and cells organize themselves. [11]
Category: Physics of Biology

Pencil-Beam Scanning Proton Therapy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 54 Pages.

Intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) delivered via proton pencil-beam scanning (PBS) is one of the most precise methods available to target tumours with high radiation doses while minimizing the impact to surrounding healthy tissue. [30] Researchers have moved closer to the real-time verification of hadron therapy, demonstrating the in vivo accuracy of simulations that predict particle range in the patient. [29] A biomimetic nanosystem can deliver therapeutic proteins to selectively target cancerous tumors, according to a team of Penn State researchers. [28]
Category: Physics of Biology

Viruses Don't Have Metabolism

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 19 Pages.

In a new study published in Nature Communications, a research team from Virginia Tech reported that they had found a substantial collection of genes for metabolic cycles-a defining characteristic of cellular life-in a wide range of "giant viruses." [10] A research team led by physicist Roya Zandi at the University of California, Riverside, has made progress is solving this mystery. [9] A protein involved in cognition and storing long-term memories looks and acts like a protein from viruses. [8] Discovery of quantum vibrations in 'microtubules' inside brain neurons supports controversial theory of consciousness The human body is a constant flux of thousands of chemical/biological interactions and processes connecting molecules, cells, organs, and fluids, throughout the brain, body, and nervous system. Up until recently it was thought that all these interactions operated in a linear sequence, passing on information much like a runner passing the baton to the next runner. However, the latest findings in quantum biology and biophysics have discovered that there is in fact a tremendous degree of coherence within all living systems. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to understand the Quantum Biology.
Category: Physics of Biology

Artificial Cells Communicate Distances

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

Researchers from TU/e and Radboud University have developed communities of artificial cells that communicate with each other with unprecedented power. [33] Protocells—artificial cells—that are active and mimic living cells by moving independently and that are biocompatible and enzymatically active are now possible using an improved method developed by Penn State researchers. [32] Pioneering new research into the way in which cells communicate with each other could hold the key to unlocking new, improved treatment for life-threatening diseases, including cancer. [31]
Category: Physics of Biology

Research into Bacteria's Role

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

A collaboration between the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and three other national laboratories has yielded new insight into the ability of bacteria to break down the hardy part of a plant known as lignin. [29] By enticing away the repressors dampening unexpressed, silent genes in Streptomyces bacteria, researchers at the University of Illinois have unlocked several large gene clusters for new natural products, according to a study published in the journal Nature Chemical Biology. [28] Imagine trying to figure out how something works when that something takes place in a space smaller than a femtoliter: one quadrillionith of a liter. [27] A new NYU Abu Dhabi study suggests for the first time that actin, which is a cytoskeleton protein found in the cell, is critical to regulating the genome-the genetic material of an organism-during the formation of "neurons" or nerve cells. [26] For the English scientists involved, perhaps the most important fact is that their DNA read was about twice as long as the previous record, held by their Australian rivals. [25] Researchers from the University of Chicago have developed a high-throughput RNA sequencing strategy to study the activity of the gut microbiome. [24] Today a large international consortium of researchers published a complex but important study looking at how DNA works in animals. [23] Asymmetry plays a major role in biology at every scale: think of DNA spirals, the fact that the human heart is positioned on the left, our preference to use our left or right hand ... [22] Scientists reveal how a 'molecular machine' in bacterial cells prevents fatal DNA twisting, which could be crucial in the development of new antibiotic treatments. [21] In new research, Hao Yan of Arizona State University and his colleagues describe an innovative DNA HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/walker/" walker, capable of rapidly traversing a prepared track. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

All-Organic Proton Battery

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 56 Pages.

Researchers at Uppsala University have therefore developed an all-organic proton battery that can be charged in a matter of seconds. [31] Since protons were first used to treat hospital cancer patients in the early 1990s, around 100 000 people have benefited from this alternative form of radiation therapy. [30] Researchers have moved closer to the real-time verification of hadron therapy, demonstrating the in vivo accuracy of simulations that predict particle range in the patient. [29] A biomimetic nanosystem can deliver therapeutic proteins to selectively target cancerous tumors, according to a team of Penn State researchers. [28] Sunlight is essential for all life, and living organisms have evolved to sense and respond to light. [27] Using X-ray laser technology, a team led by researchers of the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI has recorded one of the fastest processes in biology. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22]
Category: Physics of Biology

Antibiotic Masquerading Natural

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 28 Pages.

A previous study has shown that a type of squill growing in Madeira produces a chemical compound that may be useful as a medicinal drug. [16] A completely new resistance gene, which is likely to counteract the newest aminoglycoside-drug plazomycin, was recently discovered by scientists in Gothenburg, Sweden. [15] Now investigators at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) have modified the system to be nearly free of this requirement, making it possible to potentially target any location across the entire human genome. [14]
Category: Physics of Biology

What Would Say to the Reverend Thomas Bayes About the Emergence of the Epidemic-2020?

Authors: V. A. Kasimov.
Comments: 8 Pages. In Russian, English

At the elementary level, the causes of the virus pandemic 2020 are analyzed. For this purpose, a Bayesian model of decision making is proposed.
Category: Physics of Biology

Crossing Points in the Brain

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

A team of researchers from Germany, the Netherlands and Italy has developed a way to use scattered light to map nerve fiber pathway crossing points in the brain. [25] A team of researchers at the University of California's Department of Neurological Surgery and the Center for Integrative Neuroscience in San Francisco has taken another step toward the development of a device able to read a person's mind. [24] Professor Thomas Hills from the Department of Psychology set out to bridge the gap between the philosophical arguments for free will and the neurocognitive realities. [23]
Category: Physics of Biology

Self-Replication of the J. Byl Replicator in Cellular Automata Space With Permutations of the State Set.

Authors: Perry W Swanborough
Comments: 6 Pages.

It has been established that heterochiral self-replication of loop structures in cellular automata (CA) spaces cannot be achieved by pooling a state-transition function with its corresponding mirror transition function because some chiral rules specific to right-handed replication are contradicted by chiral rules specific for left-handed replication. A less-strict functional heterochirality of self-reproduction by structures in CA space, notionally achievable by permutation-transformation of structures and transition functions, was hypothesized. Over all possible state-set permutations, it was found that there is no permutation-transformation of the left-handed form of the J. Byl (1989) state-transition function which corresponds to no contradictions with the right-handed (original) transition function. This result demonstrates that the structure’s replication is robustly homochiral.
Category: Physics of Biology

Computers with Protein Logic Gates

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 36 Pages.

Reporting April 2 in the journal Science, a team led by the University of Washington School of Medicine has created artificial proteins that function as molecular logic gates. [24] Collaboration between material scientists, biologists and chemists could advance the development of self-assembling nanomaterials, called nanoarchitectonics, argues a review in the journal Science and Technology of Advanced Materials. [23] Brown University researchers have made a discovery about the way things stick together at tiny scales that could be helpful in engineering micro- and nanoscale devices. [22]
Category: Physics of Biology

New Class of Taste Receptors

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 54 Pages.

A team of scientists led by researchers at UC Santa Barbara has discovered that multiple opsin proteins, known for decades to be required for vision, also function as taste receptors. [36] There are an estimated 20,000 to 30,000 proteins at work in cells, where they carry out numerable functions, says computational molecular biologist Roman Sloutsky at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. [35] Are we alone in the universe? It comes down to whether intelligence is a probable outcome of natural selection, or an improbable fluke. [34] Reconstructing evolutionary branches is tricky, especially when many species share a similar type of protein that might have evolved to perform somewhat different functions. [33] Researchers from the The fight against global antibiotic resistance has taken a major step forward with scientists discovering a concept for fabricating nanomeshes as an effective drug delivery system for antibiotics. [30] The solution consisting of colloidal quantum dots is inkjet-printed, creating active photosensitive layer of the photodetector. [29] I'm part of a group of nanotechnology and neuroscience researchers at the University of Washington investigating how quantum dots behave in the brain. [28] Nanotechnology may provide an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, a team of researchers suggests. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26]
Category: Physics of Biology

Genome Variation Insight Coronavirus

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 70 Pages.

Combining genomic and epidemiological information in this way could allow authorities to better anticipate where a rapid increase in COVID-19 cases is brewing, Weimer said. [41] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, common human coronaviruses usually cause mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses, like the common cold. [40] When diseases reinforce each other, they rapidly accelerate through the population, then fizzle out as they run out of new hosts. [39]
Category: Physics of Biology

Cell-Free COVID-19 Therapeutics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 67 Pages.

Researchers at Northwestern and Cornell Universities have developed a new platform that could produce new therapies more than 10 times faster than current methods. [39] It's no coincidence that some of the worst viral disease outbreaks in recent years-SARS, MERS, Ebola, Marburg and likely the newly arrived 2019-nCoV virus-originated in bats. [38] An interdisciplinary team of researchers at Colorado State University has used computational chemistry, biochemistry and virology to uncover new information on how viruses such as West Nile, dengue and Zika replicate. [37] David Baker, Professor of Biochemistry and Director of the Institute for Protein Design at the University of Washington will speak about how algorithmic processes such as de novo design predict protein structures, protein folding mechanisms, and new protein functions. [36] A research team at Kobe University has developed a method of artificially controlling the anchorage position of target proteins in engineered baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). [35] Scientists have found a new way to home in on the proteins covering a particular cell's surface. The feat offers insight into how brain cells form intricate networks during development. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

Antiviral Membrane Mask

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 70 Pages.

Dibakar Bhattacharyya has been a fixture in the University of Kentucky's College of Engineering for more than 50 years and is renowned for his research, which focuses on incorporating life sciences materials with synthetic membranes for filtering and producing clean water. [41] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, common human coronaviruses usually cause mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses, like the common cold. [40] When diseases reinforce each other, they rapidly accelerate through the population, then fizzle out as they run out of new hosts. [39] It's no coincidence that some of the worst viral disease outbreaks in recent years-SARS, MERS, Ebola, Marburg and likely the newly arrived 2019-nCoV virus-originated in bats. [38] An interdisciplinary team of researchers at Colorado State University has used computational chemistry, biochemistry and virology to uncover new information on how viruses such as West Nile, dengue and Zika replicate. [37] David Baker, Professor of Biochemistry and Director of the Institute for Protein Design at the University of Washington will speak about how algorithmic processes such as de novo design predict protein structures, protein folding mechanisms, and new protein functions. [36] A research team at Kobe University has developed a method of artificially controlling the anchorage position of target proteins in engineered baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). [35] Scientists have found a new way to home in on the proteins covering a particular cell's surface. The feat offers insight into how brain cells form intricate networks during development. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

Heart Attack on a Chip

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 41 Pages.

Researchers led by biomedical engineers at Tufts University invented a microfluidic chip containing cardiac cells that is capable of mimicking hypoxic conditions following a heart attack—specifically when an artery is blocked in the heart and then unblocked after treatment. [24] "Sensors with an integrated power supply in such small sizes are also exciting for applications in the area of the Internet of Things, which connects decentralised, autonomous electronic systems," added Adelung. [23]
Category: Physics of Biology

Cells Create Biological Computers

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 46 Pages.

The researchers say that their discovery could lead to the development of biological computers that use ripples to process information. [28] The discovery that protein therapeutics can hijack the HOPS complex to gain access to the cell interior should help scientists design therapeutic proteins to treat diseases that are not adequately treated using other approaches, Schepartz said. [27] DNA regions susceptible to breakage and loss are genetic hot spots for important evolutionary changes, according to a Stanford study. [26] For the English scientists involved, perhaps the most important fact is that their DNA read was about twice as long as the previous record, held by their Australian rivals. [25] Researchers from the University of Chicago have developed a high-throughput RNA sequencing strategy to study the activity of the gut microbiome. [24] Today a large international consortium of researchers published a complex but important HYPERLINK "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0734-6" study looking at how DNA works in animals. [23] Asymmetry plays a major role in biology at every scale: think of DNA spirals, the fact that the human heart is positioned on the left, our preference to use our left or right hand ... [22] Scientists reveal how a 'molecular machine' in bacterial cells prevents fatal DNA twisting, which could be crucial in the development of new antibiotic treatments. [21] In new research, Hao Yan of Arizona State University and his colleagues describe an innovative DNA HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/walker/" walker, capable of rapidly traversing a prepared track. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19]
Category: Physics of Biology

Quantum Diagnose Heart Condition

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 41 Pages.

The team envision an array of their quantum sensors that can be placed over the heart, giving readings in a matter of seconds. [30] Molecules that are involved in photosynthesis exhibit the same quantum effects as non-living matter, concludes an international team of scientists including University of Groningen theoretical physicist Thomas la Cour Jansen. [29] Nanoparticles derived from tea leaves inhibit the growth of lung cancer cells, destroying up to 80% of them, new research by a joint Swansea University and Indian team has shown. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21] In the September 23th issue of the Physical Review Letters, Prof. Julien Laurat and his team at Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel-LKB) report that they have realized an efficient mirror consisting of only 2000 atoms. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

Inhibitor Prevents Viral Infection

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 17 Pages.

On the basis of an empty and therefore non-infectious shell of a phage virus, researchers from Berlin have developed a chemically modified phage capsid that stifles influenza viruses. [9] A protein involved in cognition and storing long-term memories looks and acts like a protein from viruses. [8] Discovery of quantum vibrations in 'microtubules' inside brain neurons supports controversial theory of consciousness The human body is a constant flux of thousands of chemical/biological interactions and processes connecting molecules, cells, organs, and fluids, throughout the brain, body, and nervous system. Up until recently it was thought that all these interactions operated in a linear sequence, passing on information much like a runner passing the baton to the next runner. However, the latest findings in quantum biology and biophysics have discovered that there is in fact a tremendous degree of coherence within all living systems. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to understand the Quantum Biology.
Category: Physics of Biology

Phase-Contrast Breast Cancer Diagnosis

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

Phase-contrast imaging, which exploits both the refraction and the absorption of transmitted X-rays, offers potential to overcome the limitations of current breast imaging modalities. [24] The Pt nanoreactor was designed with a controlled core-shell structure and morphology for the visual detection of metabolic biomarkers and direct laser desorption/ionization MS fingerprinting of the native serum. [23] Nuclear technology companies Phoenix and SHINE Medical Technologies have achieved a new world record for a nuclear fusion reaction in a steady-state system, the strongest of its kind ever produced on Earth. [22]
Category: Physics of Biology

Are Qualia Reducible, Physical Entities?

Authors: Christian Kerskens
Comments: 5 Pages.

Controversial hypotheses to explain consciousness exist in many fields of science, psychology and philosophy. Recent experimental findings in quantum cognition and magnetic resonance imaging have added new controversies to the field, suggesting that the mind may be based on quantum computing. Quantum computers process information in quantum bits (qubits) using quantum gates. At a first glance, it seems unrealistic or impossible that the brain can meet the challenges to provide either of these. Nevertheless, we show here why the brain has the incredible ability to perform quantum computing and how that may be realized.
Category: Physics of Biology

Mitochondria are Coming for You

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 30 Pages.

Considering all this, it would be a worthwhile pursuit to look more closely at the genetics of these unfortunate individuals to determine if, in fact, the afflicted younger people are genetically predisposed to subclinical mitochondrial deficiencies, and might benefit from some novel interventions as mentioned here. [19] A protein complex called facilitates chromatin transcription (FACT) plays a role in DNA packing within a nucleus, as well as in oncogenesis. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17]
Category: Physics of Biology

Genetic Toolkit for Ecofriendly Chemicals

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 30 Pages.

Researchers have developed a triad of innovative tools to engineer low-pH-tolerant yeast Issatchenkia orientalis for production of valuable bioproducts from renewable biomass. [19] It's called gene editing, and University of Alberta researchers have just published a game-changing study that promises to bring the technology much closer to therapeutic reality. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15]
Category: Physics of Biology

Comprehensive Single-Cell Atlas

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

A large team of researchers affiliated with multiple institutions in and around Hangzhou, China, has taken a very large step toward the creation of a comprehensive human single-cell atlas. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18]
Category: Physics of Biology

CRISPR Gene Editing Expanded

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 26 Pages.

Now investigators at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) have modified the system to be nearly free of this requirement, making it possible to potentially target any location across the entire human genome. [14] An ancient group of microbes that contains some of the smallest life forms on Earth also has the smallest CRISPR gene-editing machinery discovered to date. [13] ETH scientists have been able to prove that a protein structure widespread in nature-the amyloid-is theoretically capable of multiplying itself. [12] UZH researchers have discovered a previously unknown way in which proteins interact with one another and cells organize themselves. [11] Dr Martin Sweatman from the University of Edinburgh's School of Engineering has discovered a simple physical principle that might explain how life started on Earth. [10] Nearly 75 years ago, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Erwin Schrödinger wondered if the mysterious world of quantum mechanics played a role in biology. A recent finding by Northwestern University's Prem Kumar adds further evidence that the answer might be yes. [9] A UNSW Australia-led team of researchers has discovered how algae that survive in very low levels of light are able to switch on and off a weird quantum phenomenon that occurs during photosynthesis. [8] This paper contains the review of quantum entanglement investigations in living systems, and in the quantum mechanically modeled photoactive prebiotic kernel systems. [7] The human body is a constant flux of thousands of chemical/biological interactions and processes connecting molecules, cells, organs, and fluids, throughout the brain, body, and nervous system. Up until recently it was thought that all these interactions operated in a linear sequence, passing on information much like a runner passing the baton to the next runner. However, the latest findings in quantum biology and biophysics have discovered that there is in fact a tremendous degree of coherence within all living systems. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to understand the Quantum Biology.
Category: Physics of Biology

CRISPR-Based Diagnostic

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

Researchers in the Department of Biomedical Engineering— a shared department in the schools of Dental Medicine, Medicine, and Engineering—have been working to develop a new, low-cost, CRISPR-based diagnostic platform to detect infectious diseases, including the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). [30] Using the CRISPR gene editing tool, Nikolay Kandul, Omar Akbari and their colleagues at UC San Diego and UC Berkeley devised a method of altering key genes that control insect sex determination and fertility. [29]
Category: Physics of Biology

Animals Keep Viruses in Balance

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 18 Pages.

A variety of sea animals can take up virus particles while filtering seawater for oxygen and food. [10] A research team led by physicist Roya Zandi at the University of California, Riverside, has made progress is solving this mystery. [9] A protein involved in cognition and storing long-term memories looks and acts like a protein from viruses. [8] Discovery of quantum vibrations in 'microtubules' inside brain neurons supports controversial theory of consciousness The human body is a constant flux of thousands of chemical/biological interactions and processes connecting molecules, cells, organs, and fluids, throughout the brain, body, and nervous system. Up until recently it was thought that all these interactions operated in a linear sequence, passing on information much like a runner passing the baton to the next runner. However, the latest findings in quantum biology and biophysics have discovered that there is in fact a tremendous degree of coherence within all living systems. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to understand the Quantum Biology.
Category: Physics of Biology

Antibiotic Resistance Gene

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 27 Pages.

A completely new resistance gene, which is likely to counteract the newest aminoglycoside-drug plazomycin, was recently discovered by scientists in Gothenburg, Sweden. [15] Now investigators at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) have modified the system to be nearly free of this requirement, making it possible to potentially target any location across the entire human genome. [14] An ancient group of microbes that contains some of the smallest life forms on Earth also has the smallest CRISPR gene-editing machinery discovered to date. [13] ETH scientists have been able to prove that a protein structure widespread in nature – the amyloid – is theoretically capable of multiplying itself. [12]
Category: Physics of Biology

Cellular Track on Neurological Disease

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

A new technique allows researchers to test how the deformation of tiny train track-like cell proteins affects their function. [27] A large team of researchers affiliated with multiple institutions in and around Hangzhou, China, has taken a very large step toward the creation of a comprehensive human single-cell atlas. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19]
Category: Physics of Biology

Cellular Biology Mistakes

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

Like humans, cells constantly make mistakes. Most of the work within cells is carried out by biomolecules called proteins; without these, cells would not exist. [28] A new technique allows researchers to test how the deformation of tiny train track-like cell proteins affects their function. [27] A large team of researchers affiliated with multiple institutions in and around Hangzhou, China, has taken a very large step toward the creation of a comprehensive human single-cell atlas. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

Making Sense of Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

Now, scientists at the Biological Physics Theory Unit at Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST) and collaborators at City University of New York have created a simple model that is providing some answers. [29] Like humans, cells constantly make mistakes. Most of the work within cells is carried out by biomolecules called proteins; without these, cells would not exist. [28] A new technique allows researchers to test how the deformation of tiny train track-like cell proteins affects their function. [27] A large team of researchers affiliated with multiple institutions in and around Hangzhou, China, has taken a very large step toward the creation of a comprehensive human single-cell atlas. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

Biomass in Haematococcus

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 80 Pages.

Chinese scientists with Institute of Technical Biology and Agriculture Engineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science applied low-temperature plasma technology to stimulate biomass and astaxanthin accumulation in Haematococcus pluvialis at appropriate conditions. [44] Schematic of a magnetic nozzle rf plasma thruster (helicon plasma thruster) having two open source exits and photographs of the three operation modes in the laboratory test. [43] Researchers at MIT's Plasma Science and Fusion Center (PSFC) have now demonstrated how microwaves can be used to overcome barriers to steady-state tokamak operation. [42] Plasma particle accelerators more powerful than existing machines could help probe some of the outstanding mysteries of our universe, as well as make leaps forward in cancer treatment and security scanning-all in a package that's around a thousandth of the size of current accelerators. [41] The Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory has started to assemble a new facility for revolutionary accelerator technologies that could make future accelerators 100 to 1,000 times smaller and boost their capabilities. [40] The authors designed a mechanism based on the deployment of a transport barrier to confine the particles and prevent them from moving from one region of the accelerator to another. "There is strong experimental evidence that there is indeed some new physics lurking in the lepton sector," Dev said. [38] Now, in a new result unveiled today at the Neutrino 2018 conference in Heidelberg, Germany, the collaboration has announced its first results using antineutrinos, and has seen strong evidence of muon antineutrinos oscillating into electron antineutrinos over long distances, a phenomenon that has never been unambiguously observed. [37]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanoparticle Therapy for Cancer

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 65 Pages.

Now, new research on human and mouse tumors in mice by investigators at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center suggests the question is even more complicated. [36] Johns Hopkins researchers report that a type of biodegradable, lab-engineered nanoparticle they fashioned can successfully deliver a "suicide gene" to pediatric brain tumor cells implanted in the brains of mice. [35] A new study at the University of Georgia has found a way to attack cancer cells that is potentially less harmful to the patient. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

Breath Test for Diabetes Possible

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 79 Pages.

A research team from Materials Science at Kiel University (CAU) and from Biomedical Engineering at the Technical University of Moldova has now developed a procedure to produce extremely sensitive and energy-efficient sensors using 3-D printing. [52] A team of microbiologists at the University of Bayreuth led by Prof. Dr. Dirk Schüler developed a modular system for the genetic reprogramming of bacteria, thereby turning the organisms into cell factories for multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles that combine various useful functions and properties. [51]
Category: Physics of Biology

Cameras of Radioactive Materials

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

Researchers from North Carolina State University have developed a new technique for determining the historical location and distribution of radioactive materials, such as weapons grade plutonium. [23] Scientists at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) have developed a technique to observe how radiation damages molecules over time frames of just one quadrillionth of a second—or a femtosecond. [22] DNA forensics is a powerful tool, yet it presents a computational scaling problem when it is improved and expanded for complex samples (those containing DNA from more than one individual) and kinship analysis. [21]
Category: Physics of Biology

Early Detection of Eyesight Problems

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 55 Pages.

EPFL researchers have developed a device that can zoom in on previously invisible cells at the back of the eye. The technology could be extremely useful for ophthalmologists, in particular for detecting age-related macular degeneration early and assessing new treatment options. [33] A research team led by the University of California San Diego has developed a soft robotic lens whose movements are controlled by the eyes—blink twice and the lens zooms in and out; look left, right, up or down and the lens will follow. [32]
Category: Physics of Biology

Particle Therapy Dose Distribution

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

Precise patient positioning is an essential stage in any radiation treatment, but is particularly critical for particle therapies, which are highly sensitive to range uncertainties. [33] Ion beam radiotherapy offers precision dose deposition, with a low entrance dose increasing to a maximum at the Bragg peak and then falling off sharply. [32] Researchers at Aalto University have discovered a surprising phenomenon that changes how we think about how sound can move particles. [31] Large-scale plasmonic metasurfaces could find use in flat panel displays and other devices that can change colour thanks to recent work by researchers at the University of Cambridge in the UK. [30] Particles in solution can grow, transport, collide, interact, and aggregate into complex shapes and structures. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25] Following three years of extensive research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HU) physicist Dr. Uriel Levy and his team have created technology that will enable computers and all optic communication devices to run 100 times faster through terahertz microchips. [24] When the energy efficiency of electronics poses a challenge, magnetic materials may have a solution. [23]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nano-Toolkit Biomaterials

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 77 Pages.

A team of microbiologists at the University of Bayreuth led by Prof. Dr. Dirk Schüler developed a modular system for the genetic reprogramming of bacteria, thereby turning the organisms into cell factories for multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles that combine various useful functions and properties. [51] Researchers at the Advanced Science Research Center at The Graduate Center, CUNY (CUNY ASRC) and Northwestern University have created a 4-D printer capable of constructing patterned surfaces that recreate the complexity of cell surfaces. [50] In a recent study, researchers at the NASA Ames Research Center have demonstrated that nanoscale vacuum channel transistors can be fabricated on silicon carbide wafers. [49]
Category: Physics of Biology

Time Dependency of Lockdown Measure for Controlling Coronavirus Outbreaks

Authors: Vincenzo Nardozza
Comments: 5 Pages.

Based on Real data, we study how long it takes for Coronavirus lockdown measures from the Government to became effective.
Category: Physics of Biology

Sensing Internal Organ Temperature

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 56 Pages.

A cheap, biocompatible white powder that luminesces when heated could be used for non-invasively monitoring the temperature of specific organs within the body. [37] The Internet of Things (IoT) is a technology classification that includes home appliances and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and actuators that connect and exchange data. One key IoT technology is optical fiber sensing. [36] In a pilot study, researchers from North Carolina State University and Haverford College have used naturally arising acoustic vibrations—or sound waves—to monitor the state of granular materials. [35]
Category: Physics of Biology

On The Fragility of Empires and Paradigms

Authors: N Chandra Wickramasinghe, Edward J Steele, Reginald M Gorczynski, Robert Temple, Gensuke Tokoro, Daryl H. Wallis, Brig Klyce
Comments: 2 Pages.

Letter to Editor: On the fragility of empires and paradigms with particular reference to the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic
Category: Physics of Biology

Graphite Nanoplatelets Kill Bacteria

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 72 Pages.

Graphite nanoplatelets integrated into plastic medical surfaces can prevent infections, killing 99.99 per cent of bacteria which try to attach—a cheap and viable potential solution to a problem which affects millions, costs huge amounts of time and money, and accelerates antibiotic resistance. [43] Researchers at The University of Manchester in the UK, led by Dr. Artem Mishchenko, Prof Volodya Fal'ko and Prof Andre Geim, have discovered the quantum Hall effect in bulk graphite—a layered crystal consisting of stacked graphene layers. [42] Light particles normally do not "feel" each other because there is no interaction acting between them. Researchers at ETH have now succeeded in manipulating photons inside a semiconductor material in such a way as to make them repel each other nevertheless. [41]
Category: Physics of Biology

Antibody Mimetics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

Antibodies are proteins that act as recognition molecules for pathogens, like viruses and bacteria, and are the workhorses of the body's immune system. [27] According to the World Health Organization, one of the biggest health threats around the world is antibiotic-resistant bacteria. [26] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago have identified a molecular switch that causes immune cells called macrophages to clean up cellular debris caused by infections instead of contributing to inflammation and tissue injury. [25]
Category: Physics of Biology

Graphene Cancer DNA Detector

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 68 Pages.

Graphene-based biosensors could usher in an era of liquid biopsy, detecting DNA cancer markers circulating in a patient's blood or serum. [37] What we learned in this study is extremely useful in designing new drugs because it tells us which areas to target to block the checkpoint protein's function." [36] Now, in a watershed advance, engineers at the University of California, Riverside, in collaboration with researchers at City of Hope National Medical Center, have invented a device that holds potential for mass-producing engineered cells at lower cost, a tipping point for these lifesaving therapies. [35]
Category: Physics of Biology

Bacteria Carry Microscopic Cargo

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 27 Pages.

In a paper published in Nature Physics, researchers at the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, in collaboration with groups in U.S. and U.K., have now reported doing just that. They have found a way to control bacteria to transport microscopic cargo. [16] Biochemists at the University of Illinois have isolated a protein supercomplex from a bacterial membrane that, like a battery, generates a voltage across the bacterial membrane. [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase-a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13] Researchers have fused living and non-living cells for the first time in a way that allows them to work together, paving the way for new applications. [12] UZH researchers have discovered a previously unknown way in which proteins interact with one another and cells organize themselves. [11] Dr Martin Sweatman from the University of Edinburgh's School of Engineering has discovered a simple physical principle that might explain how life started on Earth. [10] Nearly 75 years ago, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Erwin Schrödinger wondered if the mysterious world of quantum mechanics played a role in biology. A recent finding by Northwestern University's Prem Kumar adds further evidence that the answer might be yes. [9] A UNSW Australia-led team of researchers has discovered how algae that survive in very low levels of light are able to switch on and off a weird quantum phenomenon that occurs during photosynthesis. [8] This paper contains the review of quantum entanglement investigations in living systems, and in the quantum mechanically modeled photoactive prebiotic kernel systems. [7] The human body is a constant flux of thousands of chemical/biological interactions and processes connecting molecules, cells, organs, and fluids, throughout the brain, body, and nervous system. Up until recently it was thought that all these interactions operated in a linear sequence, passing on information much like a runner passing the baton to the next runner. However, the latest findings in quantum biology and biophysics have discovered that there is in fact a tremendous degree of coherence within all living systems. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to understand the Quantum Biology.
Category: Physics of Biology

Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 60 Pages.

Biohydrogels—biomaterials composed of polymer chains dispersed in water—have been studied closely by researchers for their potential use in biomedical applications, such as in tissue repair, as surgical sealants, and in 3-D biofabrication. [33] It will enable Australian researchers to do more ambitious research despite the increasing radio-frequency interference from radio transmitters, make more discoveries, and perhaps understand some more of the mysteries of the universe. [32]
Category: Physics of Biology

Possible Treatment of Corona-Virus and Other Viruses by Stable Isotopes and Electromagnetic Fields and Waves

Authors: Reginald B. Little
Comments: 16 Pages.

A new theory is introduced for selectively inactivating viruses in particular the corona viruses on the basis of feeding the viruses nonprimordial isotopes of 13C, 15N, 17O, 25Mg and 33S and some other nonprimordial isotopes of essential elements with also 1H and 14N and 31P for isotopically sensitizing the RNAs and proteins of the viruses (by the resulting nonzero nuclear magnetic moments) for stimulating the sensitized viruses by external static magnetic fields and electric fields and dynamic magnetic fields and electric fields for rotating and shaking the viral RNAs and proteins to cause inactivation of the viruses and to induce and control mutations in the viruses via the external and internal magnetic fields and waves.
Category: Physics of Biology

Organism Rides on a Pattern of Waves

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 46 Pages.

Now MIT scientists have taken a detailed look at the pattern of these waves, produced on the surface of starfish eggs. [34] A new way of detecting chemicals secreted by stem cells as they differentiate into bone cells could make it possible to electrically monitor the differentiation process in real time. [33] University of Groningen scientists, led by Associate Professor of Chemical Biology Giovanni Maglia, have designed a nanopore system that is capable of measuring different metabolites simultaneously in a variety of biological fluids, all in a matter of seconds. [32]
Category: Physics of Biology

Ultrasound Cancer Therapy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

Mayo Clinic have leveraged new ultrasound tracking technology to reveal the hypoxic status of tumours. [34] Using the latest advances in imaging and computing, Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers have developed a framework that's able to reveal the structural and functional changes in the blood vessel network required for growth of a tumour. [33] Medical physicist Dr. Aswin Hoffmann and his team from the Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) have combined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a proton beam, thus demonstrating for the first time that in principle, this commonly used imaging method can work with particle beam cancer treatments. [32] Washington State University researchers for the first time have shown that they can use electrical fields to gain valuable information about the tiny, floating vesicles that move around in animals and plants and are critically important to many biological functions. [31] Finding a fast and inexpensive way to detect specific strains of bacteria and viruses is critical to food safety, water quality, environmental protection and human health. [30] In the perspective, Gabor and Song collect early examples in electron metamaterials and distil emerging design strategies for electronic control from them. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanosheets for Near Infrared Imaging

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 70 Pages.

"The potential for state-of-the-art microscopy from this material means that new findings in biomedical research can be expected in the future," says Kruss. [44] Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology, University of Tsukuba, and colleagues in Japan have reported a promising hydrogen carrier in the form of hydrogen boride nanosheets. [43] So-called nanoenzymes are hot candidates for treatments called catalytic immunotherapy. [42] A recent study, affiliated with South Korea's Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) has introduced a novel targeted drug delivery system in the fight against cancer. [41]
Category: Physics of Biology

Coronavirus Testing Kits Developed

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 70 Pages.

University researchers will use their pioneering imaging technology-called Mango, for its bright colour-to develop coronavirus testing kits. [41] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, common human coronaviruses usually cause mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses, like the common cold. [40] When diseases reinforce each other, they rapidly accelerate through the population, then fizzle out as they run out of new hosts. [39] It's no coincidence that some of the worst viral disease outbreaks in recent years-SARS, MERS, Ebola, Marburg and likely the newly arrived 2019-nCoV virus-originated in bats. [38] An interdisciplinary team of researchers at Colorado State University has used computational chemistry, biochemistry and virology to uncover new information on how viruses such as West Nile, dengue and Zika replicate. [37] David Baker, Professor of Biochemistry and Director of the Institute for Protein Design at the University of Washington will speak about how algorithmic processes such as de novo design predict protein structures, protein folding mechanisms, and new protein functions. [36] A research team at Kobe University has developed a method of artificially controlling the anchorage position of target proteins in engineered baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). [35] Scientists have found a new way to home in on the proteins covering a particular cell's surface. The feat offers insight into how brain cells form intricate networks during development. [34] In a recent report, Mengke Yang and colleagues at and the U.K. developed a new technique named the multiarea two-photon real-time in vitro explorer (MATRIEX). [33] Measuring optical blood flow in the resting human brain to detect spontaneous activity has for the first time been demonstrated by Wright State University imaging researchers,
Category: Physics of Biology

Way to Peptide-Based Therapeutics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 44 Pages.

Chemists at Texas A&M University are taking a p[h]age from bacteria's playbook in order to beat viruses at their own game and develop new drugs to fight cancer and a host of other human diseases in the process. [27] Researchers at Western University have developed a new way to deliver the DNA-editing tool CRISPR-Cas9 into microorganisms in the lab, providing a way to efficiently launch a targeted attack on specific bacteria. [26] The work reflects a growing trend at both the Salk Institute and elsewhere toward integrating computational approaches into biology research. [25] That's only a smattering of what scientists will be able to examine with the new microscope-an atomic force-Raman microscope, to be exact-now housed in the University of Delaware's Lammot du Pont Laboratory. [24] The Pt nanoreactor was designed with a controlled core-shell structure and morphology for the visual detection of metabolic biomarkers and direct laser desorption/ionization MS fingerprinting of the native serum. [23] Nuclear technology companies Phoenix and SHINE Medical Technologies have achieved a new world record for a nuclear fusion reaction in a steady-state system, the strongest of its kind ever produced on Earth. [22] Bacterial systems are some of the simplest and most effective platforms for the expression of recombinant proteins. [21] Now, in a new paper published in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Mayo researchers have determined how one DNA repair protein gets to the site of DNA damage. [20] A microscopic thread of DNA evidence in a public genealogy database led California authorities to declare this spring they had caught the Golden State Killer, the rapist and murderer who had eluded authorities for decades. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18]
Category: Physics of Biology

Graphene Identify Bacteria

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 46 Pages.

Graphene Identify Bacteria Using a single atom-thick sheet of graphene to track the electronic signals inherent in biological structures, a team led by Boston College researchers has developed a platform to selectively identify deadly strains of bacteria, an advance that could lead to more accurate targeting of infections with appropriate antibiotics, the team reported in the journal Biosensors and Bioelectronics. [28] Chemists at Texas A&M University are taking a p[h]age from bacteria's playbook in order to beat viruses at their own game and develop new drugs to fight cancer and a host of other human diseases in the process. [27] Researchers at Western University have developed a new way to deliver the DNA-editing tool CRISPR-Cas9 into microorganisms in the lab, providing a way to efficiently launch a targeted attack on specific bacteria. [26] The work reflects a growing trend at both the Salk Institute and elsewhere toward integrating computational approaches into biology research. [25] That's only a smattering of what scientists will be able to examine with the new microscope-an atomic force-Raman microscope, to be exact-now housed in the University of Delaware's Lammot du Pont Laboratory. [24] The Pt nanoreactor was designed with a controlled core-shell structure and morphology for the visual detection of metabolic biomarkers and direct laser desorption/ionization MS fingerprinting of the native serum. [23] Nuclear technology companies Phoenix and SHINE Medical Technologies have achieved a new world record for a nuclear fusion reaction in a steady-state system, the strongest of its kind ever produced on Earth. [22] Bacterial systems are some of the simplest and most effective platforms for the expression of recombinant proteins. [21] Now, in a new paper published in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Mayo researchers have determined how one DNA repair protein gets to the site of DNA damage. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanoimaging Aid Drug Development

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

Chemotherapeutics are key players in the clinical setting to fight most types of cancer, and novel chemicals could facilitate new and unique intracellular interactions that modulate the cell machinery and destroy the tumor cells. [32] Researchers at The University of Texas at Austin have developed new guidelines for fabricating nanoscale gel materials, or nanogels, that can deliver numerous therapeutic treatments to treat cancer in a precise manner. In addition to enabling the delivery of drugs in response to tumors, their nanogels can target malignant cells (or biomarkers), degrade into nontoxic components and execute multiple clinical functions. [31] A revolutionary, cutting-edge technology, developed by researchers at Bar-Ilan University's Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), has the potential to provide a new alternative to eyeglasses, contact lenses, and laser correction for refractive errors. [30] Electrons in graphene-an atomically thin, flexible and incredibly strong substance that has captured the imagination of materials scientists and physicists alike-move at the speed of light, and behave like they have no mass. [29] In a series of exciting experiments, Cambridge researchers experienced weightlessness testing graphene's application in space. [28] Scientists from ITMO University have developed effective nanoscale light sources based on halide perovskite. [27] Physicists have developed a technique based on optical microscopy that can be used to create images of atoms on the nanoscale. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22]
Category: Physics of Biology

Detecting Cancer in Blood

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

They did this by developing a method, using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy nanotags, that simultaneously detects three known pancreatic cancer biomarkers in blood. [34] Using the latest advances in imaging and computing, Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers have developed a framework that's able to reveal the structural and functional changes in the blood vessel network required for growth of a tumour. [33] Medical physicist Dr. Aswin Hoffmann and his team from the Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) have combined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a proton beam, thus demonstrating for the first time that in principle, this commonly used imaging method can work with particle beam cancer treatments. [32] Washington State University researchers for the first time have shown that they can use electrical fields to gain valuable information about the tiny, floating vesicles that move around in animals and plants and are critically important to many biological functions. [31] Finding a fast and inexpensive way to detect specific strains of bacteria and viruses is critical to food safety, water quality, environmental protection and human health. [30] In the perspective, Gabor and Song collect early examples in electron metamaterials and distil emerging design strategies for electronic control from them. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nano-Fiber Filtered Face Masks

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 70 Pages.

Wearing a face mask is a common sight in Korea during the COVID-19 outbreak. [41] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, common human coronaviruses usually cause mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses, like the common cold. [40] When diseases reinforce each other, they rapidly accelerate through the population, then fizzle out as they run out of new hosts. [39] It's no coincidence that some of the worst viral disease outbreaks in recent years—SARS, MERS, Ebola, Marburg and likely the newly arrived 2019-nCoV virus—originated in bats. [38]
Category: Physics of Biology

Infrared Microscope Cancer Diagnostics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 61 Pages.

A novel hybrid microscope delivers the same information as standard optical microscopy without the need for detrimental tissue staining, while also providing molecular insight into tissue biopsies [38] A new system capable of probing microscopic environments inside cells has been installed at the University of Exeter's Bioimaging Centre. [37] "We put the optical microscope under a microscope to achieve accuracy near the atomic scale," said NIST's Samuel Stavis, who served as the project leader for these efforts. [36] Researchers have designed an interferometer that works with magnetic quasiparticles called magnons, rather than photons as in conventional interferometers. [35] A technique to manipulate electrons with light could bring quantum computing up to room temperature. [34] The USTC Microcavity Research Group in the Key Laboratory of Quantum Information has perfected a 4-port, all-optically controlled non-reciprocal multifunctional photonic device based on a magnetic-field-free optomechanical resonator. [33] To address this technology gap, a team of engineers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) has developed an innovative microchip, named BATLESS, that can continue to operate even when the battery runs out of energy. [32] Stanford researchers have developed a water-based battery that could provide a cheap way to store wind or solar energy generated when the sun is shining and wind is blowing so it can be fed back into the electric grid and be redistributed when demand is high. [31] Researchers at AMOLF and the University of Texas have circumvented this problem with a vibrating glass ring that interacts with light. They thus created a microscale circulator that directionally routes light on an optical chip without using magnets. [30] Researchers have discovered three distinct variants of magnetic domain walls in the helimagnet iron germanium (FeGe). [29] Magnetic materials that form helical structures-coiled shapes comparable to a spiral staircase or the double helix strands of a DNA molecule-occasionally exhibit exotic behavior that could improve information processing in hard drives and other digital devices. [28]
Category: Physics of Biology

Memory Inheritance with DNA Replication

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 35 Pages.

The joint research groups of The Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Yokohama City University, and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) have clarified new mechanism for controlling DNA methylation in cells. [22] Histones are proteins that regulate the unwinding of DNA in the cell nucleus and the expression of genes based on chemical modifications or "marks" that are placed on their tails. [21]
Category: Physics of Biology

Composing Proteins with AI

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 60 Pages.

In this week's APL Bioengineering, researchers in the United States and Taiwan explore how to create new proteins by using machine learning to translate protein structures into musical scores, presenting an unusual way to translate physics concepts across disparate domains. [37] David Baker, Professor of Biochemistry and Director of the Institute for Protein Design at the University of Washington will speak about how algorithmic processes such as de novo design predict protein structures, protein folding mechanisms, and new protein functions. [36] A research team at Kobe University has developed a method of artificially controlling the anchorage position of target proteins in engineered baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). [35] Scientists have found a new way to home in on the proteins covering a particular cell's surface. The feat offers insight into how brain cells form intricate networks during development. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

Origins of Building Blocks of Life

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

Rutgers researchers have discovered the origins of the protein structures responsible for metabolism: simple molecules that powered early life on Earth and serve as chemical signals that NASA could use to search for life on other planets. [38] Researchers in Dana-Farber's cBio Center have now demonstrated a powerful 'experimental evolution' method to discover details of protein shape and function, and the method may find uses across a very broad spectrum of biomedical research. [37] The discovery, published in Nature Communications, could help uncover treatments for age-related conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease, which are often caused by accumulation of misfolded proteins. [36] Korean researchers have used light to control the binding of two separate and inactive antibody fragments and generate a specific, timely immune response to antigens. [35] A new Empa study recently published in Nature Communications shows how this amazing behavior can be improved-and even used to treat injuries and tissue damage. [34] Scientists at Johns Hopkins Medicine report they have created a tiny, nanosize container that can slip inside cells and deliver protein-based medicines and gene therapies of any size-even hefty ones attached to the gene-editing tool called CRISPR. [33] Protocells-artificial cells-that are active and mimic living cells by moving independently and that are biocompatible and enzymatically active are now possible using an improved method developed by Penn State researchers. [32] Pioneering new research into the way in which cells communicate with each other could hold the key to unlocking new, improved treatment for life-threatening diseases, including cancer. [31] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago have demonstrated that magnetic nanoparticles can be used to ferry chemotherapy drugs into the spinal cord to treat hard-to-reach spinal tumors in an animal model. [30] Small vessel vasculitis-inflammation of the small blood vessels-appears as a stain of tiny, red dots covering the skin that, depending on the severity, can evolve into painful pustules or ulcers. [29]
Category: Physics of Biology

CRISPR Technology Target Coronavirus

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 69 Pages.

CRISPR-based genetic screens have helped scientists identify genes that are key players in sickle-cell anemia, cancer immunotherapy, lung cancer metastasis, and many other diseases. [40] When diseases reinforce each other, they rapidly accelerate through the population, then fizzle out as they run out of new hosts. [39] It's no coincidence that some of the worst viral disease outbreaks in recent years-SARS, MERS, Ebola, Marburg and likely the newly arrived 2019-nCoV virus-originated in bats. [38] An interdisciplinary team of researchers at Colorado State University has used computational chemistry, biochemistry and virology to uncover new information on how viruses such as West Nile, dengue and Zika replicate. [37] David Baker, Professor of Biochemistry and Director of the Institute for Protein Design at the University of Washington will speak about how algorithmic processes such as de novo design predict protein structures, protein folding mechanisms, and new protein functions. [36] A research team at Kobe University has developed a method of artificially controlling the anchorage position of target proteins in engineered baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). [35] Scientists have found a new way to home in on the proteins covering a particular cell's surface. The feat offers insight into how brain cells form intricate networks during development. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

Selective Killing of Cancer Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

A team of researchers from the Center for Soft and Living Matter, within the Institute of Basic Science (IBS, South Korea) and affiliated with Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) has discovered a novel approach to selectively target and kill several types of cancer cells. [34] Using the latest advances in imaging and computing, Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers have developed a framework that’s able to reveal the structural and functional changes in the blood vessel network required for growth of a tumour. [33]
Category: Physics of Biology

Seismic Imaging Inside the Brain

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

A computational technique developed to process seismic images of the Earth’s subsurface could allow for high-resolution human brain imaging, reports a new study by researchers from Imperial College London. [25] A team of researchers at the University of California's Department of Neurological Surgery and the Center for Integrative Neuroscience in San Francisco has taken another step toward the development of a device able to read a person's mind. [24] Professor Thomas Hills from the Department of Psychology set out to bridge the gap between the philosophical arguments for free will and the neurocognitive realities. [23] Researchers at the University of Twente have designed a tiny needle in which micro-channels can be used for extracting small liquid samples from a local area of the brain. [22]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanostructured Material Replace Human Tissue

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

Researchers from Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, have created a new, rubber-like material with a unique set of properties that could act as a replacement for human tissue in medical procedures. [29] Gold nanoparticles possess unique optical properties that are used in nanomedicine for anti-cancer therapy and imaging. [28] Gene editing is one of the hottest topics in cancer research. A Chinese research team has now developed a gold-nanoparticle-based multifunctional vehicle to transport the "gene scissors" to the tumor cell genome. [27]
Category: Physics of Biology

Predicting the Future Trajectory of Covid-19

Authors: N.C. Wickramasinghe, E.J. Steele, Reginald M. Gorczynski, Robert Temple, Gensuke Tokoro, Alexander Kondakov, Brig Klyce, Daryl H. Wallis, D. T. Wickramasinghe
Comments: 11 Pages.

We argue that the new coronavirus COVID-19 was probably linked to the arrival of a pure culture of the virus in cometary debris that was deposited in the stratosphere, and first came down in the Wuhan province of China. The subsequent worldwide spread of the virus has taken place by a combination of two effects: the deposition of further large quantities of virus at several locations – Iran, North Italy, South Korea – combined with much slower spread through person-to-person infection (itself largely by contaminated surfaces and personal affects). The location of the foci outside China all lie close to latitude 40 degrees N, consistent with the transport of aerosols by cyclonic winds in the stratosphere. It is also remarkably consistent with observations in the 1960’s of the fall-out of radioactive dust deposited in the stratosphere in the last of the atmospheric atom bomb tests. On this basis, we conclude that a stratospheric loading of the Coronavirus that happened in October/November 2019 could take a few winter seasons to be fully drained. A clearer understanding of the causal events that led to the COVID-19 pandemic could help planning future strategy.
Category: Physics of Biology

Gold Nanoparticles Amyloid Fibrils

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

EPFL scientists have developed powerful tools to unmask the diversity of amyloid fibrils, which are associated with Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. [29] Gold nanoparticles possess unique optical properties that are used in nanomedicine for anti-cancer therapy and imaging. [28] Gene editing is one of the hottest topics in cancer research. A Chinese research team has now developed a gold-nanoparticle-based multifunctional vehicle to transport the "gene scissors" to the tumor cell genome. [27]
Category: Physics of Biology

Low-Dose CT Doesn’t Damage DNA

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

To investigate whether exposure to low-dose CT could increase the risk of radiation-induced cancers, a Japanese research team compared the number of DNA double-strand breaks and chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes following low-dose and standard-dose chest CT. [23] Biology encodes information in DNA and RNA, which are complex molecules finely tuned to their functions. [22] When cells suffer DNA damage, they send out an SOS signal. When the repair crew arrives, the emergency signal is cancelled as it is no longer needed. [21]
Category: Physics of Biology

Rules Underpinning Brain Growth

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

Stanford researchers have discovered a pattern that governs the growth of brain cells or neurons. [25] A team of researchers at the University of California's Department of Neurological Surgery and the Center for Integrative Neuroscience in San Francisco has taken another step toward the development of a device able to read a person's mind. [24] Professor Thomas Hills from the Department of Psychology set out to bridge the gap between the philosophical arguments for free will and the neurocognitive realities. [23]
Category: Physics of Biology

Ultra-Black Materials Butterfly

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 46 Pages.

Set against a piece of black construction paper, the wings of the male cattleheart butterfly look even blacker than black. [24] Scientists have designed and synthesized chains of molecules with a precise sequence and length to efficiently protect 3-D DNA nanostructures from structural degradation under a variety of biomedically relevant conditions. [23] Utrecht scientists have succeeded in measuring the mass of individual molecules. By modifying an existing mass spectrometer and developing special software, the researchers succeeded in making ultra-sensitive measurements. [22] In a new study that supports the trend of DNA-based information carriers, scientists have engineered a DNA navigator system that can perform single-molecule, parallel, depth-first search operations on a two-dimensional origami platform. [21] In new research, Hao Yan of Arizona State University and his colleagues describe an innovative DNA walker, capable of rapidly traversing a prepared track. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase-a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14]
Category: Physics of Biology

Smart Biomedical Sensors

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 41 Pages.

IKBFU Physicists have successfully tested the new magnetic micro wire-based concept of "smart" composites production. [26] Researchers at the UPV/EHU-University of the Basque Country have developed a biomedical device for cell immune-isolation (microcapsules) with luminescence for in vivo tracking. [25] Using x-rays to reveal the atomic-scale 3-D structures of proteins has led to countless advances in understanding how these molecules work in bacteria, viruses, plants, and humans—and has guided the development of precision drugs to combat diseases such as cancer and AIDS. [24]
Category: Physics of Biology

DNA Origami Anti-Cancer Drug

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

Scientists have designed and synthesized chains of molecules with a precise sequence and length to efficiently protect 3-D DNA nanostructures from structural degradation under a variety of biomedically relevant conditions. [23] Utrecht scientists have succeeded in measuring the mass of individual molecules. By modifying an existing mass spectrometer and developing special software, the researchers succeeded in making ultra-sensitive measurements. [22] In a new study that supports the trend of DNA-based information carriers, scientists have engineered a DNA navigator system that can perform single-molecule, parallel, depth-first search operations on a two-dimensional origami platform. [21] In new research, Hao Yan of Arizona State University and his colleagues describe an innovative DNA walker, capable of rapidly traversing a prepared track. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase-a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14]
Category: Physics of Biology

Virus Forms its Symmetric Shells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 17 Pages.

A research team led by physicist Roya Zandi at the University of California, Riverside, has made progress is solving this mystery. [9] A protein involved in cognition and storing long-term memories looks and acts like a protein from viruses. [8] Discovery of quantum vibrations in 'microtubules' inside brain neurons supports controversial theory of consciousness The human body is a constant flux of thousands of chemical/biological interactions and processes connecting molecules, cells, organs, and fluids, throughout the brain, body, and nervous system. Up until recently it was thought that all these interactions operated in a linear sequence, passing on information much like a runner passing the baton to the next runner. However, the latest findings in quantum biology and biophysics have discovered that there is in fact a tremendous degree of coherence within all living systems. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to understand the Quantum Biology.
Category: Physics of Biology

Single Molecule Weigh

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

Utrecht scientists have succeeded in measuring the mass of individual molecules. By modifying an existing mass spectrometer and developing special software, the researchers succeeded in making ultra-sensitive measurements. [22] In a new study that supports the trend of DNA-based information carriers, scientists have engineered a DNA navigator system that can perform single-molecule, parallel, depth-first search operations on a two-dimensional origami platform. [21] In new research, Hao Yan of Arizona State University and his colleagues describe an innovative DNA walker, capable of rapidly traversing a prepared track. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase-a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13] Researchers have fused living and non-living cells for the first time in a way that allows them to work together, paving the way for new applications. [12]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanoparticles Target Prostate Tumors

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 73 Pages.

The team started with nanoparticles of iron oxide, which have already found use in both MRI and MPI, and joined them to the nerve-binding peptide NP41. [42] Northeastern chemical engineer Thomas Webster, who specializes in developing nano-scale medicine and technology to treat diseases, is part of a contingency of scientists that are contributing ideas and technology to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to fight the COVID-19 outbreak. [41] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, common human coronaviruses usually cause mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses, like the common cold. [40] When diseases reinforce each other, they rapidly accelerate through the population, then fizzle out as they run out of new hosts. [39] It's no coincidence that some of the worst viral disease outbreaks in recent years-SARS, MERS, Ebola, Marburg and likely the newly arrived 2019-nCoV virus-originated in bats. [38] An interdisciplinary team of researchers at Colorado State University has used computational chemistry, biochemistry and virology to uncover new information on how viruses such as West Nile, dengue and Zika replicate. [37] David Baker, Professor of Biochemistry and Director of the Institute for Protein Design at the University of Washington will speak about how algorithmic processes such as de novo design predict protein structures, protein folding mechanisms, and new protein functions. [36] A research team at Kobe University has developed a method of artificially controlling the anchorage position of target proteins in engineered baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). [35] Scientists have found a new way to home in on the proteins covering a particular cell's surface. The feat offers insight into how brain cells form intricate networks during development. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanoscale 4-D Printing Therapeutics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 76 Pages.

Researchers at the Advanced Science Research Center at The Graduate Center, CUNY (CUNY ASRC) and Northwestern University have created a 4-D printer capable of constructing patterned surfaces that recreate the complexity of cell surfaces. [50] In a recent study, researchers at the NASA Ames Research Center have demonstrated that nanoscale vacuum channel transistors can be fabricated on silicon carbide wafers. [49] Titanium oxide (TiO2) nanofibers can have various applications, such as in catalyzers and filters. [48] Today, scientists report progress in making versions of these nanoparticles that could someday give built-in night vision to humans. [47]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanoparticles Treatment for COVID-19

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 71 Pages.

Northeastern chemical engineer Thomas Webster, who specializes in developing nano-scale medicine and technology to treat diseases, is part of a contingency of scientists that are contributing ideas and technology to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to fight the COVID-19 outbreak. [41] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, common human coronaviruses usually cause mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses, like the common cold. [40] When diseases reinforce each other, they rapidly accelerate through the population, then fizzle out as they run out of new hosts. [39] It's no coincidence that some of the worst viral disease outbreaks in recent years-SARS, MERS, Ebola, Marburg and likely the newly arrived 2019-nCoV virus-originated in bats. [38] An interdisciplinary team of researchers at Colorado State University has used computational chemistry, biochemistry and virology to uncover new information on how viruses such as West Nile, dengue and Zika replicate. [37] David Baker, Professor of Biochemistry and Director of the Institute for Protein Design at the University of Washington will speak about how algorithmic processes such as de novo design predict protein structures, protein folding mechanisms, and new protein functions. [36] A research team at Kobe University has developed a method of artificially controlling the anchorage position of target proteins in engineered baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). [35] Scientists have found a new way to home in on the proteins covering a particular cell's surface. The feat offers insight into how brain cells form intricate networks during development. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

Wearable Flexible Sensor

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 56 Pages.

Researchers have used 3-D printing and nanotechnology to create a durable, flexible sensor for wearable devices to monitor everything from vital signs to athletic performance. [38] For the first time, researchers have fabricated light-guiding structures known as waveguides just over one micron wide in a clear silicone commonly used for biomedical applications. [37]
Category: Physics of Biology

Abbreviated Brest MRI for Cancer

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 100 Pages.

Abbreviated breast MRI identifies more invasive cancers in women with dense tissue than digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) does, according to a study by German and US researchers (JAMA 10.1001/jama.2020.0572). [59] Researchers at the Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS) within the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) at Ewha Womans University have made a major scientific breakthrough by performing the world's smallest magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). [58] Researchers at the University of Southampton and the Korea Institute for Advanced Study have recently showed that supersymmetry is anomalous in N=1 superconformal quantum field theories (SCFTs) with an anomalous R symmetry. [57] Researchers at the University of Southampton and the Korea Institute for Advanced Study have recently showed that supersymmetry is anomalous in N=1 superconformal quantum field theories (SCFTs) with an anomalous R symmetry. [57] Researchers at ETH Zurich have developed a method that allows them to characterize the fluctuations in detail. [56] A team of researchers from Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) and Griffith University in Australia have constructed a prototype quantum device that can generate all possible futures in a simultaneous quantum superposition. [55] Physicists have proposed an entirely new way to test the quantum superposition principle-the idea that a quantum object can exist in multiple states at the same time. [54] Researchers have developed a new device that can measure and control a nanoparticle trapped in a laser beam with unprecedented sensitivity. [53] Researchers have discovered a 'blind spot' in atomic force microscopy-a powerful tool capable of measuring the force between two atoms, imaging the structure of individual cells and the motion of biomolecules. [52] Australian scientists have investigated new directions to scale up qubits-utilising the spin-orbit coupling of atom qubits-adding a new suite of tools to the armory. [51] A team of international researchers led by engineers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) have invented a new magnetic device to manipulate digital information 20 times more efficiently and with 10 times more stability than commercial spintronic digital memories. [50]
Category: Physics of Biology

Bird with Vocal Biomechanics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

A team of researchers from Universidad de Buenos Aires, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales and the University of Münster accurately estimated the size of a white-tipped plantcutter bird by studying nothing but its song. [27] Using X-ray laser technology, a team led by researchers of the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI has recorded one of the fastest processes in biology. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19]
Category: Physics of Biology

Speed of Spreading Epidemics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 71 Pages.

Tim Rogers at the University of Bath have shown that their calculations are better than computationally-intensive numerical models at predicting how infections will progress within real-world scenarios. [41] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, common human coronaviruses usually cause mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses, like the common cold. [40] When diseases reinforce each other, they rapidly accelerate through the population, then fizzle out as they run out of new hosts. [39] It's no coincidence that some of the worst viral disease outbreaks in recent years-SARS, MERS, Ebola, Marburg and likely the newly arrived 2019-nCoV virus-originated in bats. [38] An interdisciplinary team of researchers at Colorado State University has used computational chemistry, biochemistry and virology to uncover new information on how viruses such as West Nile, dengue and Zika replicate. [37] David Baker, Professor of Biochemistry and Director of the Institute for Protein Design at the University of Washington will speak about how algorithmic processes such as de novo design predict protein structures, protein folding mechanisms, and new protein functions. [36] A research team at Kobe University has developed a method of artificially controlling the anchorage position of target proteins in engineered baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). [35] Scientists have found a new way to home in on the proteins covering a particular cell's surface. The feat offers insight into how brain cells form intricate networks during development. [34] In a recent report, Mengke Yang and colleagues at and the U.K. developed a new technique named the multiarea two-photon real-time in vitro explorer (MATRIEX). [33] Measuring optical blood flow in the resting human brain to detect spontaneous activity has for the first time been demonstrated by Wright State University imaging researchers,
Category: Physics of Biology

Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

Scientists have developed a probe named CoxFluor that can distinguish between Cyclooxygenase-2, an enzyme that plays a major role in driving the progression of cancer, and the enzyme Cyclooxygenase-1, which is expressed in all cells. [26] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago have identified a molecular switch that causes immune cells called macrophages to clean up cellular debris caused by infections instead of contributing to inflammation and tissue injury. [25] Working with mouse and human tissue, Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers report new evidence that a protein pumped out of some—but not all—populations of "helper" cells in the brain, called astrocytes, plays a specific role in directing the formation of connections among neurons needed for learning and forming new memories. [24]
Category: Physics of Biology

Coronavirus Are Commonplace

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 69 Pages.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, common human coronaviruses usually cause mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses, like the common cold. [40] When diseases reinforce each other, they rapidly accelerate through the population, then fizzle out as they run out of new hosts. [39] It's no coincidence that some of the worst viral disease outbreaks in recent years-SARS, MERS, Ebola, Marburg and likely the newly arrived 2019-nCoV virus-originated in bats. [38] An interdisciplinary team of researchers at Colorado State University has used computational chemistry, biochemistry and virology to uncover new information on how viruses such as West Nile, dengue and Zika replicate. [37] David Baker, Professor of Biochemistry and Director of the Institute for Protein Design at the University of Washington will speak about how algorithmic processes such as de novo design predict protein structures, protein folding mechanisms, and new protein functions. [36] A research team at Kobe University has developed a method of artificially controlling the anchorage position of target proteins in engineered baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). [35] Scientists have found a new way to home in on the proteins covering a particular cell's surface. The feat offers insight into how brain cells form intricate networks during development. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

Growing Evidence Against Global Infection-Driven Person-to-Person Transfer of Covid-19

Authors: Wickramasinghe NC, Steele, Ej, Gorczynski RM, Temple R, Tokoro G, Wallis DH, Klyce B
Comments: 8 Pages.

Examining a sample of the still unfolding epidemiological data relating to the world-wide epidemic of COVID-19, we conclude that a connection with an atmospheric in-fall process appears increasingly probable.
Category: Physics of Biology

Dementia Detection

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 69 Pages.

Dementia Detection PET with FDG and various other radiotracers has been used to attempt to diagnose the early onset of Alzheimer's and dementia. [45] Now, researchers at MIT and elsewhere have developed a system to deliver medical treatments that can be released at precise times, minimally-invasively, and that ultimately could also deliver those drugs to specifically targeted areas such as a specific group of neurons in the brain. [44] Gene editing technology is a technology that eliminates the underlying causes of and treats diseases by removing specific genesor editing genes to restore their normal function. In particular, CRISPR gene editing technology is now commonly used for immunotherapy by correcting the genes of immune cells to induce them to attack cancer cells selectively. [43]
Category: Physics of Biology

Egg Stem Cells do not Exist

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

Researchers at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden have analyzed all cell types in the human ovary and found that the hotly debated "egg stem cells" do not exist. [27] Researchers from the University of Toronto's Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (IBBME) and the Donnelly Centre have discovered a population of cells – dubbed to be "elite" – that play a key role in the process of transforming differentiated cells into stem cells. [26]
Category: Physics of Biology

GPS for Chromosomes

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 64 Pages.

A research team from the University of Basel, in collaboration with scientists from Harvard University, has developed a method to trace the chromosomes in individual cells. [34] A team of UNSW scientists at the School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences led by Professor Andrew Brown have shown how a key enzyme that contributes to cholesterol production can be regulated-and destroyed-using a particular molecule. [33] Synthetic proteins have been created that move in response to their environment in predictable and tunable ways. [32] Bioinspired materials mimic their natural counterparts for characteristic functionality in multidisciplinary applications forming a popular theme in biomaterials development. [31] MIT engineers have designed tiny robots that can help drug-delivery nanoparticles push their way out of the bloodstream and into a tumor or another disease site. [30] Researchers have shown that existing optical fibre technology could be used to produce microscopic 3-D images of tissue inside the body, paving the way towards 3-D optical biopsies. [29] Researchers at MIT, working with surgeons and oncologists at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), have now developed a way to improve the accuracy of this surgery, called debulking. [28] Scientists at the University of Bristol have invented a new technology that could lead to the development of a new generation of smart surgical glues and dressings for chronic wounds. [27] Elaborate molecular networks inside living cells enable them to sense and process many signals from the environment to perform desired cellular functions. [26] RNA sequencing is a technique used to analyze entire genomes by looking at the expression of their genes. [25]
Category: Physics of Biology

DNA Discovery Cancer Drugs

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 29 Pages.

The next step of the research group is to find more molecules that biologically inhibits the POLA1 gene and which, in combination with other substances, may be used in the treatment of cancer patients. [18] The DNA molecules are chiral, which means they can exist in two forms which are mirror images, like a left and right hand. The phenomenon was dubbed "chiral induced spin selectivity" (CISS), and over the last few years, several experiments were published allegedly showing this CISS effect, even in electronic devices. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase-a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13] Researchers have fused living and non-living cells for the first time in a way that allows them to work together, paving the way for new applications. [12] UZH researchers have discovered a previously unknown way in which proteins interact with one another and cells organize themselves. [11] Dr Martin Sweatman from the University of Edinburgh's School of Engineering has discovered a simple physical principle that might explain how life started on Earth. [10] Nearly 75 years ago, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Erwin Schrödinger wondered if the mysterious world of quantum mechanics played a role in biology. A recent finding by Northwestern University's Prem Kumar adds further evidence that the answer might be yes. [9] A UNSW Australia-led team of researchers has discovered how algae that survive in very low levels of light are able to switch on and off a weird quantum phenomenon that occurs during photosynthesis. [8]
Category: Physics of Biology

Engineering Ribosomes

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 37 Pages.

Synthetic biology researchers at Northwestern University have developed a system that can rapidly create cell-free ribosomes in a test tube, then select the ribosome that can perform a certain function. [24] Researchers from Stanford University and the VA Palo Alto Health Care System (VAPAHCS) have identified a protein that guards cells against senescence—aging-related problems—by protecting a particularly vulnerable set of genes. [23] A new method allows researchers to systematically identify specialized proteins that unpack DNA inside the nucleus of a cell, making the usually dense DNA more accessible for gene expression and other functions. [22]
Category: Physics of Biology

Conditions During Cell Division

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 75 Pages.

Alex Bird's research group at the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology has discovered a hitherto unknown key player and how it provides the necessary stability to the distribution process of the genetic information by repurposing a long-studied factor in cellular trafficking. [47] Small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs) are molecular chaperones that bind to unfolded proteins to prevent protein aggregation and defend against cellular stress. [46] Biologists know a lot about how life works, but they are still figuring out the big questions of why life exists, why it takes various shapes and sizes, and how life is able to amazingly adapt to fill every nook and cranny on Earth. [45]
Category: Physics of Biology

Antifungal Bacteria

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

In new research, scientists in the University of Wisconsin–Madison School of Pharmacy reveal the genetic history of this beetle-bacteria partnership. [27] According to the World Health Organization, one of the biggest health threats around the world is antibiotic-resistant bacteria. [26] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago have identified a molecular switch that causes immune cells called macrophages to clean up cellular debris caused by infections instead of contributing to inflammation and tissue injury. [25] Working with mouse and human tissue, Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers report new evidence that a protein pumped out of some—but not all—populations of "helper" cells in the brain, called astrocytes, plays a specific role in directing the formation of connections among neurons needed for learning and forming new memories. [24]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nonspherical Viral Nanocages

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

Nevertheless, protein nanocages have great potential as building blocks to create more functional materials. [31] In a recent study in mice, researchers found a way to deliver specific drugs to parts of the body that are exceptionally difficult to access. [30] Now MIT engineers have come up with a tissueengineering design that may enable flexible range of motion in injured tendons and muscles during healing. [29] Researchers at MIT, working with surgeons and oncologists at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), have now developed a way to improve the accuracy of this surgery, called debulking. [28] Scientists at the University of Bristol have invented a new technology that could lead to the development of a new generation of smart surgical glues and dressings for chronic wounds. [27] Elaborate molecular networks inside living cells enable them to sense and process many signals from the environment to perform desired cellular functions. [26] RNA sequencing is a technique used to analyze entire genomes by looking at the expression of their genes. [25] Researchers from the University of Chicago have developed a high-throughput RNA sequencing strategy to study the activity of the gut microbiome. [24] Today a large international consortium of researchers published a complex but important study looking at how DNA works in animals. [23] Asymmetry plays a major role in biology at every scale: think of DNA spirals, the fact that the human heart is positioned on the left, our preference to use our left or right hand ... [22] Scientists reveal how a 'molecular machine' in bacterial cells prevents fatal DNA twisting, which could be crucial in the development of new antibiotic treatments. [21] In new research, Hao Yan of Arizona State University and his colleagues describe an innovative DNA HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/walker/" walker, capable of rapidly traversing a prepared track. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanoparticles Risks in Medical Application

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 37 Pages.

However, the rising popularity of nanobiomaterials (NBMs) also raises questions about their potential adverse effects on the environment after excretion and release. [23] Nuclear technology companies Phoenix and SHINE Medical Technologies have achieved a new world record for a nuclear fusion reaction in a steady-state system, the strongest of its kind ever produced on Earth. [22] Bacterial systems are some of the simplest and most effective platforms for the expression of recombinant proteins. [21]
Category: Physics of Biology

Oncology Neglects Stray Radiation

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

Researchers in the US and Germany modified a treatment planning system (TPS)-the software used to predict patient dose distribution-to include unwanted doses from scattered and leaked radiation. [23] Scientists at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) have developed a technique to observe how radiation damages molecules over time frames of just one quadrillionth of a second-or a femtosecond. [22] DNA forensics is a powerful tool, yet it presents a computational scaling problem when it is improved and expanded for complex samples (those containing DNA from more than one individual) and kinship analysis. [21] In a surprising marriage of science and art, researchers at MIT have developed a system for converting the molecular structures of proteins, the basic building blocks of all living beings, into audible sound that resembles musical passages. [20] Inspired by ideas from the physics of phase transitions and polymer physics, researchers in the Divisions of Physical and Biological Sciences at UC San Diego set out specifically to determine the organization of DNA inside the nucleus of a living cell. [19] Scientists from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland are using neutrons at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to capture new information about DNA and RNA molecules and enable more accurate computer simulations of how they interact with everything from proteins to viruses. [18] The DNA molecules are chiral, which means they can exist in two forms which are mirror images, like a left and right hand. The phenomenon was dubbed "chiral induced spin selectivity" (CISS), and over the last few years, several experiments were published allegedly showing this CISS effect, even in electronic devices. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15]
Category: Physics of Biology

Protein and Quantum Dots

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

Scientists at the National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Russia) have created a new type of solar panel based on hybrid material consisting of quantum dots (QDs) and photosensitive protein. [29] "Maybe this will tell us a bit more about how macrophages associated with tumors and infection can suppress a T cell response," he says. [28] Sunlight is essential for all life, and living organisms have evolved to sense and respond to light. [27] Using X-ray laser technology, a team led by researchers of the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI has recorded one of the fastest processes in biology. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

Laser-Based Medical Imaging

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 28 Pages.

Wang, Bren Professor of Medical Engineering and Electrical Engineering, has now further advanced photoacoustic imaging technology with what he calls Photoacoustic Topography Through an Ergodic Relay (PATER), which aims to simplify the equipment required for imaging of this type. [16] Researchers supported by the EU-funded photonics innovation incubator ACTPHAST 4.0 have introduced "a swept light source technology that makes it possible to take full 3-D OCT [optical coherence tomography] images of the eye," says a news release posted on the project website. [15] A new 3-D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation tool developed by researchers from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and CEA Saclay is enabling cutting-edge simulations of laser/plasma coupling mechanisms that were previously out of reach of standard PIC codes used in plasma research. [14]
Category: Physics of Biology

Comments on the Origin and Spread of the 2019 Coronavirus

Authors: N Chandra Wickramasinghe, Edward J Steele, Reginald M Gorczynski, Robert Temple, Gensuke Tokoro, Jiangwen Qu, Daryl H Wallis, Brig Klyce
Comments: 4 Pages.

We propose that the new coronavirus which first appeared in the Hubei province of China was probably linked to the arrival of a pure culture of the virus contained in cometary debris that was dispersed over a localised area of the planet namely China. The sighting of a fireball some 2000 kilometers north of Wuhan on 11 October 2019 followed shortly after with the first recorded cases in Hubei is suggestive of a causal link. Gene sequencing data of the virus that show little or no genetic variations between isolates, combined with available epidemiological data point to the predominance of a transmission process directly from an “infected” environment, with person- to-person transmission playing a comparatively weaker secondary role. The facts relating to this epidemic are discussed and placed in the context of other pandemics that have been recorded throughout history.
Category: Physics of Biology

Cold Plasma and Immunotherapy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 30 Pages.

An inter-disciplinary research team headed up at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) has pioneered a new, minimally invasive approach to skin cancer treatment. [17] Wang, Bren Professor of Medical Engineering and Electrical Engineering, has now further advanced photoacoustic imaging technology with what he calls Photoacoustic Topography Through an Ergodic Relay (PATER), which aims to simplify the equipment required for imaging of this type. [16]
Category: Physics of Biology

Revolutionize Fluorescent Microscopy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 70 Pages.

EPFL scientists have developed a new type of microscope slide that can boost the amount of light in fluorescence microscopy by a factor of up to 25. [46] Selecting the most effective molecules for drug delivery is often a trial-and-error process, but Cornell engineers are providing some precision thanks to a technique that reveals the performance of those molecules inside living cells. [45] Now, researchers at MIT and elsewhere have developed a system to deliver medical treatments that can be released at precise times, minimally-invasively, and that ultimately could also deliver those drugs to specifically targeted areas such as a specific group of neurons in the brain. [44] Gene editing technology is a technology that eliminates the underlying causes of and treats diseases by removing specific genesor editing genes to restore their normal function. In particular, CRISPR gene editing technology is now commonly used for immunotherapy by correcting the genes of immune cells to induce them to attack cancer cells selectively. [43]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanoparticles Straight to Tumors

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 64 Pages.

An interdisciplinary team of researchers at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) and FU Berlin has made important progress in this area: the scientists have produced tiny nanoparticles that are designed to specifically target cancer cells. [34] Another collaborative project from a nanoparticles expert at The University of Texas at Arlington has yielded promising results in the search for more effective, targeted cancer treatments. [33] Automated radiotherapy planning is a boon for medical physicists and dosimetrists, radiotherapy departments, and patients themselves – according to a team at Cone Health Cancer Center. [32]
Category: Physics of Biology

Smart Senses Bacterial Infections

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 31 Pages.

Technologies like this could contribute significantly to the fight against antimicrobial resistance. [20] For bacteria facing a dose of antibiotics, timing might be the key to evading destruction. In a series of experiments, Princeton researchers found that cells that repaired DNA damaged by antibiotics before resuming growth had a much better chance of surviving treatment. [19] It's called gene editing, and University of Alberta researchers have just published a game-changing study that promises to bring the technology much closer to therapeutic reality. [18]
Category: Physics of Biology

Coronavirus is Not Alone

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 67 Pages.

When diseases reinforce each other, they rapidly accelerate through the population, then fizzle out as they run out of new hosts. [39] It's no coincidence that some of the worst viral disease outbreaks in recent years-SARS, MERS, Ebola, Marburg and likely the newly arrived 2019-nCoV virus-originated in bats. [38] An interdisciplinary team of researchers at Colorado State University has used computational chemistry, biochemistry and virology to uncover new information on how viruses such as West Nile, dengue and Zika replicate. [37] David Baker, Professor of Biochemistry and Director of the Institute for Protein Design at the University of Washington will speak about how algorithmic processes such as de novo design predict protein structures, protein folding mechanisms, and new protein functions. [36] A research team at Kobe University has developed a method of artificially controlling the anchorage position of target proteins in engineered baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). [35] Scientists have found a new way to home in on the proteins covering a particular cell's surface. The feat offers insight into how brain cells form intricate networks during development. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

Neutrons for Dental Restorations

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 24 Pages.

Neutron scattering research provides insights that may lead to the development of novel materials for implant dentistry, he said. [14] Coupled with SNS, the world's most powerful pulsed accelerator-based neutron source, VENUS will be the only open research facility platform in the US to provide time-of-flight neutron imaging capabilities to users from academia and industry. [13] A spallation neutron source has been used by physicists in Japan to search for possible violations of the inverse square law of gravity. [12] Physicists have proposed a way to test quantum gravity that, in principle, could be performed by a laser-based, table-top experiment using currently available technology. [11] Now however, a new type of materials, the so-called Weyl semimetals, similar to 3-D graphene, allow us to put the symmetry destructing quantum anomaly to work in everyday phenomena, such as the creation of electric current. [10] Physicist Professor Chunnong Zhao and his recent PhD students Haixing Miao and Yiqiu Ma are members of an international team that has created a particularly exciting new design for gravitational wave detectors. [9] A proposal for a gravitational-wave detector made of two space-based atomic clocks has been unveiled by physicists in the US. [8] The gravitational waves were detected by both of the twin Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors, located in Livingston, Louisiana, and Hanford, Washington, USA. [7] A team of researchers with the University of Lisbon has created simulations that indicate that the gravitational waves detected by researchers with the LIGO project, and which are believed to have come about due to two black holes colliding, could just have easily come from another object such as a gravaster (objects which are believed to have their insides made of dark energy) or even a wormhole. In their paper published in Physical Review Letters, the team describes the simulations they created, what was seen and what they are hoping to find in the future. [6] In a landmark discovery for physics and astronomy, international scientists said Thursday they have glimpsed the first direct evidence of gravitational waves, or ripples in space-time, which Albert Einstein predicted a century ago. [5] Scientists at the National Institute for Space Research in Brazil say an undiscovered type of matter could be found in neutron stars (illustration shown). Here matter is so dense that it could be 'squashed' into strange matter. This would create an entire 'strange star'-unlike anything we have seen. [4] The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the electromagnetic inertia, the changing relativistic mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions.
Category: Physics of Biology

DNA Nanostructures for Future Missions

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 56 Pages.

DNA nanostructures such as self-assembling DNA origami that fold into defined shapes are promising vehicles for the delivery of drugs and diagnostics, and different vaccination strategies. [33] According to the Mayo Clinic, about 20% of breast cancers make abnormally high levels of a protein called human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). [32] A nanotechnology treatment derived from bone marrow stem cells has reversed multiple sclerosis symptoms in mice and could eventually be used to help humans, according to a new study led by University of California, Irvine researchers. [31]
Category: Physics of Biology

Brain Cells Protect Muscles

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 54 Pages.

University of California, Berkeley, scientists have now found brain cells that help clean up these tangles and prolong life—at least in worms (Caenorhabditis elegans) and possibly mice. [35] University of Central Florida researchers are helping to close the gap separating human and machine minds. [34] Brain-machine interfaces provide one way to connect with this puzzling organ system, including the brain. [33]
Category: Physics of Biology

Misfolded Proteins Identified

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

A new article by the Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle research group at UPF identifies the main strategy of cells to deal with the accumulation of misfolded proteins. [34] These will then produce the proteins themselves, without the cell functions being disturbed: cells, structures or their activities thus become visible under the microscope. [33] Measuring optical blood flow in the resting human brain to detect spontaneous activity has for the first time been demonstrated by Wright State University imaging researchers, holding out promise for a better way to study people with autism, Alzheimer's and depression. [32]
Category: Physics of Biology

DNA-Tagging of Disease Signatures

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 35 Pages.

Researchers can uncover how proteins interact with other proteins with far greater sensitivity and in a more natural context than conventional methods, thanks to an analytic technique developed by a RIKEN team. [22] Histones are proteins that regulate the unwinding of DNA in the cell nucleus and the expression of genes based on chemical modifications or "marks" that are placed on their tails. [21] Now, in a new paper published in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Mayo researchers have determined how one DNA repair protein gets to the site of DNA damage. [20] A microscopic thread of DNA evidence in a public genealogy database led California authorities to declare this spring they had caught the Golden State Killer, the rapist and murderer who had eluded authorities for decades. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase-a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13] Researchers have fused living and non-living cells for the first time in a way that allows them to work together, paving the way for new applications. [12]
Category: Physics of Biology

Transporter Mutation Cell Energy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

Eric Delpire, Ph.D., and colleagues recently discovered that a patient suffering from multiorgan failure had a mutation in the gene encoding NKCC1. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18]
Category: Physics of Biology

Antibiotics in Animals

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

A special issue of Animal Health Research Reviews turns the spotlight on the science underlying this growing crisis—looking at the evidence base for using antibiotics to prevent illness in beef and dairy cattle, swine, and broiler poultry. [27] According to the World Health Organization, one of the biggest health threats around the world is antibiotic-resistant bacteria. [26] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago have identified a molecular switch that causes immune cells called macrophages to clean up cellular debris caused by infections instead of contributing to inflammation and tissue injury. [25]
Category: Physics of Biology

Particle Therapy Accuracy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

Ion beam radiotherapy offers precision dose deposition, with a low entrance dose increasing to a maximum at the Bragg peak and then falling off sharply. [32] Researchers at Aalto University have discovered a surprising phenomenon that changes how we think about how sound can move particles. [31] Large-scale plasmonic metasurfaces could find use in flat panel displays and other devices that can change colour thanks to recent work by researchers at the University of Cambridge in the UK. [30] Particles in solution can grow, transport, collide, interact, and aggregate into complex shapes and structures. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25] Following three years of extensive research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HU) physicist Dr. Uriel Levy and his team have created technology that will enable computers and all optic communication devices to run 100 times faster through terahertz microchips. [24] When the energy efficiency of electronics poses a challenge, magnetic materials may have a solution. [23]
Category: Physics of Biology

Ordered Assembly of Alternating Peptides

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

A team of researchers has verified that it is possible to engineer two-layered nanofibers consisting of an ordered row of alternating peptides, and has also determined what makes these peptides automatically assemble into this pattern. [33] Ion beam radiotherapy offers precision dose deposition, with a low entrance dose increasing to a maximum at the Bragg peak and then falling off sharply. [32] Researchers at Aalto University have discovered a surprising phenomenon that changes how we think about how sound can move particles. [31] Large-scale plasmonic metasurfaces could find use in flat panel displays and other devices that can change colour thanks to recent work by researchers at the University of Cambridge in the UK. [30] Particles in solution can grow, transport, collide, interact, and aggregate into complex shapes and structures. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25] Following three years of extensive research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HU) physicist Dr. Uriel Levy and his team have created technology that will enable computers and all optic communication devices to run 100 times faster through terahertz microchips. [24] When the energy efficiency of electronics poses a challenge, magnetic materials may have a solution. [23]
Category: Physics of Biology

SR-FACT Microscopy Cellular Organelle

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 61 Pages.

SR-FACT visualizes both the cellular landscape and the molecular identity of live cells. [38] Using a familiar tool in a way it was never intended to be used opens up a whole new method to explore materials, report UConn researchers in Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. [37] "We put the optical microscope under a microscope to achieve accuracy near the atomic scale," said NIST's Samuel Stavis, who served as the project leader for these efforts. [36] Researchers have designed an interferometer that works with magnetic quasiparticles called magnons, rather than photons as in conventional interferometers. [35] A technique to manipulate electrons with light could bring quantum computing up to room temperature. [34] The USTC Microcavity Research Group in the Key Laboratory of Quantum Information has perfected a 4-port, all-optically controlled non-reciprocal multifunctional photonic device based on a magnetic-field-free optomechanical resonator. [33] To address this technology gap, a team of engineers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) has developed an innovative microchip, named BATLESS, that can continue to operate even when the battery runs out of energy. [32] Stanford researchers have developed a water-based battery that could provide a cheap way to store wind or solar energy generated when the sun is shining and wind is blowing so it can be fed back into the electric grid and be redistributed when demand is high. [31] Researchers at AMOLF and the University of Texas have circumvented this problem with a vibrating glass ring that interacts with light. They thus created a microscale circulator that directionally routes light on an optical chip without using magnets. [30] Researchers have discovered three distinct variants of magnetic domain walls in the helimagnet iron germanium (FeGe). [29] Magnetic materials that form helical structures-coiled shapes comparable to a spiral staircase or the double helix strands of a DNA molecule-occasionally exhibit exotic behavior that could improve information processing in hard drives and other digital devices. [28]
Category: Physics of Biology

Sensors Enhancing Human Touch

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

The sensor has remarkable sensitivity, allowing the wearer to detect the light brush of a feather, the touch of a flower petal, water droplets falling on a finger and even a wire too small to be seen. [28] Imagine a future technology that would provide instant access to the world's knowledge and artificial intelligence, simply by thinking about a specific topic or question. [27] Just like living ecosystems, web services form a complex artificial system consisting of tags and the user-generated media associated with them, such as photographs, movies and web pages. [26]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanomaterials for DNA Diagnostics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 33 Pages.

Led by MIPT's Maxim Nikitin, the team published a paper in ACS Nano, presenting a smart material with unique properties, which holds promise for express DNA analysis and next-generation drugs against cancer and other serious diseases. [16] IBS scientists have reported a novel targeting strategy that allows deep tumor penetration of drug-loaded nanoparticles. [15] In the journal PNAS this week, researchers at Boston Children's Hospital and MIT show that these mini-antibodies, shrunk further to create so-called nanobodies, may help solve a problem in the cancer field: making CAR T-cell therapies work in solid tumors. [14]
Category: Physics of Biology

Supramolecular Linkages

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 25 Pages.

Supramolecular Linkages NUS biophysicists have developed a manipulation assay that can quantify the mechanical stability and biochemical regulations of inter-molecular interactions at the single-molecule level. [19] Now, a team of researchers led by Dongsheng Li, a materials scientist at PNNL, and collaborators at the University of Michigan and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, have unlocked the secret to one of the most useful nanostructures: the five-fold twin. [18] The researchers have generated femtosecond laser pulses, with tailor-made, temporally varying polarizations, which are themselves chiral. [17] The scientists identified a shortlist, a kind of "periodic table" of the most designable knot types, i.e. those knots that could easily self-assemble under appropriate physical and chemical conditions. [16] Scientists have now observed for the first time how diamonds grow from seed at an atomic level, and discovered just how big the seeds need to be to kick the crystal growing process into overdrive. [15] The researchers engineered diamond strings that can be tuned to quiet a qubit's environment and improve memory from tens to several hundred nanoseconds, enough time to do many operations on a quantum chip. [14] Intel has announced the design and fabrication of a 49-qubit superconducting quantum-processor chip at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas. To improve our understanding of the so-called quantum properties of materials, scientists at the TU Delft investigated thin slices of SrIrO3, a material that belongs to the family of complex oxides. [12] New research carried out by CQT researchers suggest that standard protocols that measure the dimensions of quantum systems may return incorrect numbers. [11] Is entanglement really necessary for describing the physical world, or is it possible to have some post-quantum theory without entanglement? [10] A trio of scientists who defied Einstein by proving the nonlocal nature of quantum entanglement will be honoured with the John Stewart Bell Prize from the University of Toronto (U of T). [9] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer using Quantum Information. In August 2013, the achievement of "fully deterministic" quantum teleportation, using a hybrid technique, was reported. On 29 May 2014, scientists announced a reliable way of transferring data by quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation of data had been done before but with highly unreliable methods. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer with the help of Quantum Information.
Category: Physics of Biology

CT Traces Coronavirus

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

An ongoing investigation into the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak has characterized the most common CT findings associated with the virus and identified possible markers of disease progression several days after the onset of symptoms. [27] To diagnose and treat diseases like cancer, scientists and doctors must understand how cells respond to different medical conditions and treatments. [26] Following its recent release of a massive database of chest X-rays, the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) has now made nearly 10,600 CT scans publicly available to support the development and testing of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for medical applications. [25] AI combined with stem cells promises a faster approach to disease prevention. Andrew Masterson reports. According to product chief Trystan Upstill, the news app "uses the best of artificial intelligence to find the best of human intelligence-the great reporting done by journalists around the globe." [23] Artificial intelligence is astonishing in its potential. It will be more transformative than the PC and the Internet. Already it is poised to solve some of our biggest challenges. [22] In the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI), we've often looked for signs of intelligence, technology and communication that are similar to our own. [21] Call it an aMAZE -ing development: A U.K.-based team of researchers has developed an artificial intelligence program that can learn to take shortcuts through a labyrinth to reach its goal. In the process, the program developed structures akin to those in the human brain. [20] And as will be presented today at the 25th annual meeting of the Cognitive Neuroscience networks to enhance their understanding of one of the most elusive intelligence systems, the human brain. [19] U.S. Army Research Laboratory scientists have discovered a way to leverage emerging brain-like computer architectures for an age-old number-theoretic problem known as integer factorization. [18]
Category: Physics of Biology

Brain Cells for Human Vision

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

University of Central Florida researchers are helping to close the gap separating human and machine minds. [34] Brain-machine interfaces provide one way to connect with this puzzling organ system, including the brain. [33] Measuring optical blood flow in the resting human brain to detect spontaneous activity has for the first time been demonstrated by Wright State University imaging researchers, holding out promise for a better way to study people with autism, Alzheimer's and depression. [32]
Category: Physics of Biology

Origin of New Emergent Coronavirus and Candida Fungal Disease– Terrestrial or Cosmic?

Authors: Edward J. Steele, Jiangwen Qu, N. Chandra Wickramasinghe, Reginald M. Gorczynski, Gensuke Tokoro, Robert Temple
Comments: 22 Pages. Penultimate prepublication version - to appear Advances in Genetics, Vol 106, 2020

We analyse the relevant genetic and epidemiological data of two recent and suddenly emerging diseases- the fungal disease due to Candida auris, and the common cold causing viral disease due to Coronavirus COVID-19. Analysis of all genetic, epidemiological and geophysical and astrophysical data suggest the alternate hypothesis of cosmic origins in both cases. The in-fall “signatures” are different yet distinctive implying clear Panspermic arrival of micro-organisms and viruses from space. For COVID-19 the evidence is now compelling that it arrived as a ‘pure culture’ via a meteorite, presumed carbonaceous meteorite, that struck North East China on October 11 2019. We also assume the viral dust debris carrying trillions of COVID-19 particles then made land fall in the Wuhan and related regions about a month to six weeks later. This resulted in first cases of the viral pneumonia due to COVID-19 emerging in Wuhan regions late November 2019-early December 2019. For COVID-19 the entire central region of China has been heavily physically contaminated, and that is why it has been described as a “Chernobyl-like” event. We make a number of future predictions – e.g. fragments of the meteorite viral dust cloud we think is now (February 16 2020) on the move into the South China Sea and making spot land fall over Japan.
Category: Physics of Biology

Pancreatic Cancer Time Machine

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

A pancreatic cancer "time machine" engineered by Purdue University researchers has revealed that the disease is even more unpredictable than previously thought: Cancer cells promote each other's invasiveness when they grow together. [26] Kyoto University scientists are one step closer to designing porous materials that can change and retain their shapes-a function known as shape-memory effect. [25] With a thin probe and a burst of microwaves, doctors can eradicate cancer cells without opening up a patient for surgery. [24]
Category: Physics of Biology

Biomaterials Wound Healing

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

Biomaterials are used in the clinic as dressings that promote healing of wounds or burns. [24] Proteins rarely work alone, they interact, form protein complexes or bind DNA and RNA to control what a cell does. [23] Using tiny micromotors to diagnose and treat disease in the human body could soon be a reality. [22] Scientists at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have produced the most precise picture to date of population dynamics in fluctuating feast-or-famine conditions. [21]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanosensor Cancer Biomarkers in Blood

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 65 Pages.

Researchers of the University of Twente and Wageningen University developed a nanosensor that accurately detects biomarkers for cancer in an extremely broad range of concentrations, from 10 particles per microliter to 1 million particles per microliter. [37] Nanoparticles easily enter into cells. New insights about how they are distributed and what they do there are shown for the first time by high-resolution 3D microscopy images from BESSY II. [36] Johns Hopkins researchers report that a type of biodegradable, lab-engineered nanoparticle they fashioned can successfully deliver a "suicide gene" to pediatric brain tumor cells implanted in the brains of mice. [35]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanoparticles Can Change Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 64 Pages.

Nanoparticles easily enter into cells. New insights about how they are distributed and what they do there are shown for the first time by high-resolution 3D microscopy images from BESSY II. [36] Johns Hopkins researchers report that a type of biodegradable, lab-engineered nanoparticle they fashioned can successfully deliver a "suicide gene" to pediatric brain tumor cells implanted in the brains of mice. [35] A new study at the University of Georgia has found a way to attack cancer cells that is potentially less harmful to the patient. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanoparticles Prevent Heart Attacks

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

An associate professor from Michigan State University has helped invent a potential treatment for coronary artery disease-a sub-microscopic scouring process he likens to "taking out the garbage." [23] Researchers at Oregon State University have developed an improved technique for using magnetic nanoclusters to kill hard-to-reach tumors. [22] MIT researchers have now come up with a novel way to prevent fibrosis from occurring, by incorporating a crystallized immunosuppressant drug into devices. [21] In a surprising marriage of science and art, researchers at MIT have developed a system for converting the molecular structures of proteins, the basic building blocks of all living beings, into audible sound that resembles musical passages. [20] Inspired by ideas from the physics of phase transitions and polymer physics, researchers in the Divisions of Physical and Biological Sciences at UC San Diego set out specifically to determine the organization of DNA inside the nucleus of a living cell. [19] Scientists from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland are using neutrons at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to capture new information about DNA and RNA molecules and enable more accurate computer simulations of how they interact with everything from proteins to viruses. [18] The DNA molecules are chiral, which means they can exist in two forms which are mirror images, like a left and right hand. The phenomenon was dubbed "chiral induced spin selectivity" (CISS), and over the last few years, several experiments were published allegedly showing this CISS effect, even in electronic devices. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase-a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanomaterial Transport to Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 74 Pages.

Bioengineers can design smart drugs for antibody and nanomaterial-based therapies to optimize drug efficiency for increasingly efficient, early-stage preclinical trials. [41] Many of these products use nanomaterials, but little is known about how these modern materials and their tiny particles interact with the environment and living things. [40] When chemists from the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw were starting work on a new material designed for the efficient production of nanocrystalline zinc oxide, they didn't expect any surprises. [39] Now writing in Light Science & Applications, Hamidreza Siampour and co-workers have taken a step forward in the field of integrated quantum plasmonics by demonstrating on-chip coupling between a single photon source and plasmonic waveguide. [38] Researchers at University of Utah Health developed a proof-of-concept technology using nanoparticles that could offer a new approach for oral medications. [37] Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), extremely high resolution imaging of the molecule-covered surface structures of silver nanoparticles is possible, even down to the recognition of individual parts of the molecules protecting the surface. [36] A fiber optic sensing system developed by researchers in China and Canada can peer inside supercapacitors and batteries to observe their state of charge. [35] The idea of using a sound wave in optical fibers initially came from the team's partner researchers at Bar-Ilan University in Israel. Joint research projects should follow. [34] Researchers at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology have constructed a first-of-its-kind optic isolator based on resonance of light waves on a rapidly rotating glass sphere. [33] The micro-resonator is a two-mirror trap for the light, with the mirrors facing each other within several hundred nanometers. [32]
Category: Physics of Biology

Universal Target for Antiviral Treatment

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 66 Pages.

As the coronavirus outbreak shows, viruses are a constant threat to humanity. Vaccines are regularly developed and deployed against specific viruses, but that process takes a lot of time, doesn't help everyone who needs protection, and still leaves people exposed to new outbreaks and new viruses. [39] It's no coincidence that some of the worst viral disease outbreaks in recent years-SARS, MERS, Ebola, Marburg and likely the newly arrived 2019-nCoV virus-originated in bats. [38] An interdisciplinary team of researchers at Colorado State University has used computational chemistry, biochemistry and virology to uncover new information on how viruses such as West Nile, dengue and Zika replicate. [37] David Baker, Professor of Biochemistry and Director of the Institute for Protein Design at the University of Washington will speak about how algorithmic processes such as de novo design predict protein structures, protein folding mechanisms, and new protein functions. [36] A research team at Kobe University has developed a method of artificially controlling the anchorage position of target proteins in engineered baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). [35] Scientists have found a new way to home in on the proteins covering a particular cell's surface. The feat offers insight into how brain cells form intricate networks during development. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

Human Brain's Meticulous Interface

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

Now a team led by researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology has engineered a way of studying the barrier more closely with the intent of helping drug developers do the same. In a new study, the researchers cultured the human blood-brain barrier on a chip, recreating its physiology more realistically than predecessor chips. [25]
Category: Physics of Biology

Coronavirus Outbreak Raises Question

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 65 Pages.

It's no coincidence that some of the worst viral disease outbreaks in recent years-SARS, MERS, Ebola, Marburg and likely the newly arrived 2019-nCoV virus-originated in bats. [38] An interdisciplinary team of researchers at Colorado State University has used computational chemistry, biochemistry and virology to uncover new information on how viruses such as West Nile, dengue and Zika replicate. [37] David Baker, Professor of Biochemistry and Director of the Institute for Protein Design at the University of Washington will speak about how algorithmic processes such as de novo design predict protein structures, protein folding mechanisms, and new protein functions. [36] A research team at Kobe University has developed a method of artificially controlling the anchorage position of target proteins in engineered baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). [35] Scientists have found a new way to home in on the proteins covering a particular cell's surface. The feat offers insight into how brain cells form intricate networks during development. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

Brain Temperature Measured by Light

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 41 Pages.

Light could replace invasive techniques to measure brain temperature-eliminating the need to place a thermometer in the brain when treating a range of neurological disorders. [26] Now a team led by researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology has engineered a way of studying the barrier more closely with the intent of helping drug developers do the same. In a new study, the researchers cultured the human blood-brain barrier on a chip, recreating its physiology more realistically than predecessor chips. [25]
Category: Physics of Biology

Muscular Dystrophy Diagnosis

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most common type of muscular dystrophy, affecting more than 10,000 males at birth per year in the United States with severe physical disability, chronic wasting and muscle deterioration. [27] Light could replace invasive techniques to measure brain temperature-eliminating the need to place a thermometer in the brain when treating a range of neurological disorders. [26] Now a team led by researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology has engineered a way of studying the barrier more closely with the intent of helping drug developers do the same. In a new study, the researchers cultured the human blood-brain barrier on a chip, recreating its physiology more realistically than predecessor chips. [25]
Category: Physics of Biology

Light Removal of Medical Implants

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

A research team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has designed medical devices that break down inside the body when they are exposed to light from an LED "pill". [25] An emerging technology involving tiny particles that absorb light and turn it into localized heat sources shows great promise in several fields, including medicine. [24] Two physicists from the University of Luxembourg have now unambiguously shown that quantum-mechanical wavelike interactions are indeed crucial even at the scale of natural biological processes. [23] Monika Aidelsburger uses a special type of optical lattice to simulate quantum many-body phenomena that are otherwise inaccessible to experimental exploration. [22] University of Illinois Professor Harry Hilton brought together several mathematical and physical theories to help look at problems in more unified ways and solve physical engineering problems. [21] A team of physicists from RUDN, JINR (Dubna), and the University of Hamburg (Germany) developed a mathematical model for describing physical processes in hybrid systems that consists of atoms and ions cooled down to temperatures close to absolute zero. [20] Recently, extensive study shows that the parity-time symmetry breaking in open systems leads to exceptional points, promising for novel applications leasers and sensing. [19] A recent discovery by William & Mary and University of Michigan researchers transforms our understanding of one of the most important laws of modern physics. [18] Now, a team of physicists from The University of Queensland and the NÉEL Institute has shown that, as far as quantum physics is concerned, the chicken and the egg can both come first. [17]
Category: Physics of Biology

Acid-Loving Microbe

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

Food and energy availability cause physical changes in acid-loving microorganisms that are used to study Earth's climate history, according to research from Dartmouth College. [26] A research team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has designed medical devices that break down inside the body when they are exposed to light from an LED "pill". [25] An emerging technology involving tiny particles that absorb light and turn it into localized heat sources shows great promise in several fields, including medicine. [24] Two physicists from the University of Luxembourg have now unambiguously shown that quantum-mechanical wavelike interactions are indeed crucial even at the scale of natural biological processes. [23] Monika Aidelsburger uses a special type of optical lattice to simulate quantum many-body phenomena that are otherwise inaccessible to experimental exploration. [22] University of Illinois Professor Harry Hilton brought together several mathematical and physical theories to help look at problems in more unified ways and solve physical engineering problems. [21] A team of physicists from RUDN, JINR (Dubna), and the University of Hamburg (Germany) developed a mathematical model for describing physical processes in hybrid systems that consists of atoms and ions cooled down to temperatures close to absolute zero. [20] Recently, extensive study shows that the parity-time symmetry breaking in open systems leads to exceptional points, promising for novel applications leasers and sensing. [19]
Category: Physics of Biology

Repair Gaps in Damaged Nerves

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

A biodegradable nerve guide embedded with growth-promoting proteins that can regenerate long sections of damaged nerves has been developed by researchers in the US. [27] Food and energy availability cause physical changes in acid-loving microorganisms that are used to study Earth's climate history, according to research from Dartmouth College. [26] A research team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has designed medical devices that break down inside the body when they are exposed to light from an LED "pill". [25] An emerging technology involving tiny particles that absorb light and turn it into localized heat sources shows great promise in several fields, including medicine. [24] Two physicists from the University of Luxembourg have now unambiguously shown that quantum-mechanical wavelike interactions are indeed crucial even at the scale of natural biological processes. [23] Monika Aidelsburger uses a special type of optical lattice to simulate quantum many-body phenomena that are otherwise inaccessible to experimental exploration. [22] University of Illinois Professor Harry Hilton brought together several mathematical and physical theories to help look at problems in more unified ways and solve physical engineering problems. [21] A team of physicists from RUDN, JINR (Dubna), and the University of Hamburg (Germany) developed a mathematical model for describing physical processes in hybrid systems that consists of atoms and ions cooled down to temperatures close to absolute zero. [20] Recently, extensive study shows that the parity-time symmetry breaking in open systems leads to exceptional points, promising for novel applications leasers and sensing. [19]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanoparticles Carcinoma Prognosis

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 46 Pages.

The paper explains how, thanks to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, cerium oxide nanoparticles have been able to partially reverse the cellular mechanisms involved in tumor progression and have managed to significantly increase survival in a rat animal model. [28] A biodegradable nerve guide embedded with growth-promoting proteins that can regenerate long sections of damaged nerves has been developed by researchers in the US. [27] Food and energy availability cause physical changes in acid-loving microorganisms that are used to study Earth's climate history, according to research from Dartmouth College. [26] A research team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has designed medical devices that break down inside the body when they are exposed to light from an LED "pill". [25] An emerging technology involving tiny particles that absorb light and turn it into localized heat sources shows great promise in several fields, including medicine. [24] Two physicists from the University of Luxembourg have now unambiguously shown that quantum-mechanical wavelike interactions are indeed crucial even at the scale of natural biological processes. [23] Monika Aidelsburger uses a special type of optical lattice to simulate quantum many-body phenomena that are otherwise inaccessible to experimental exploration. [22] University of Illinois Professor Harry Hilton brought together several mathematical and physical theories to help look at problems in more unified ways and solve physical engineering problems. [21] A team of physicists from RUDN, JINR (Dubna), and the University of Hamburg (Germany) developed a mathematical model for describing physical processes in hybrid systems that consists of atoms and ions cooled down to temperatures close to absolute zero. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanosensors Detect Epileptic Seizures

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 54 Pages.

Researchers at the Center for Nanoparticle Research, within the Institute for Basic Science (IBS, South Korea) in collaboration with collaborators at Zhejiang University, China, have reported a highly sensitive and specific nanosensor that can monitor dynamic changes of potassium ions in mice undergoing epileptic seizures, indicating their intensity and origin in the brain. [35] The lab of Cheryl Kerfeld at Michigan State University has created a synthetic nano-sized factory, based on natural ones found in bacteria. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

Proteins from Scratch

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 59 Pages.

David Baker, Professor of Biochemistry and Director of the Institute for Protein Design at the University of Washington will speak about how algorithmic processes such as de novo design predict protein structures, protein folding mechanisms, and new protein functions. [36] A research team at Kobe University has developed a method of artificially controlling the anchorage position of target proteins in engineered baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). [35]
Category: Physics of Biology

Protein Puts Brakes on Virus Replication

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 61 Pages.

An interdisciplinary team of researchers at Colorado State University has used computational chemistry, biochemistry and virology to uncover new information on how viruses such as West Nile, dengue and Zika replicate. [37] David Baker, Professor of Biochemistry and Director of the Institute for Protein Design at the University of Washington will speak about how algorithmic processes such as de novo design predict protein structures, protein folding mechanisms, and new protein functions. [36] A research team at Kobe University has developed a method of artificially controlling the anchorage position of target proteins in engineered baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). [35]
Category: Physics of Biology

Gene Therapies Options

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 62 Pages.

Now, a team of scientists from Purdue University and other research institutions around the world have come together to better understand the growing number of worldwide patented innovations available for gene therapy treatment. [38] An interdisciplinary team of researchers at Colorado State University has used computational chemistry, biochemistry and virology to uncover new information on how viruses such as West Nile, dengue and Zika replicate. [37] David Baker, Professor of Biochemistry and Director of the Institute for Protein Design at the University of Washington will speak about how algorithmic processes such as de novo design predict protein structures, protein folding mechanisms, and new protein functions. [36] A research team at Kobe University has developed a method of artificially controlling the anchorage position of target proteins in engineered baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). [35] Scientists have found a new way to home in on the proteins covering a particular cell's surface. The feat offers insight into how brain cells form intricate networks during development. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

Females Second X Chromosomes

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 64 Pages.

Researchers at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) in Heidelberg and Institut Curie in Paris have shown that the protein SPEN plays a crucial role in the process of X-chromosome inactivation, whereby female mammalian embryos silence gene expression on one of their two X chromosomes. [39] Now, a team of scientists from Purdue University and other research institutions around the world have come together to better understand the growing number of worldwide patented innovations available for gene therapy treatment. [38] An interdisciplinary team of researchers at Colorado State University has used computational chemistry, biochemistry and virology to uncover new information on how viruses such as West Nile, dengue and Zika replicate. [37] David Baker, Professor of Biochemistry and Director of the Institute for Protein Design at the University of Washington will speak about how algorithmic processes such as de novo design predict protein structures, protein folding mechanisms, and new protein functions. [36] A research team at Kobe University has developed a method of artificially controlling the anchorage position of target proteins in engineered baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). [35] Scientists have found a new way to home in on the proteins covering a particular cell's surface. The feat offers insight into how brain cells form intricate networks during development. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

Bioprinting Research

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 63 Pages.

Published today in IOP Publishing's Biofabrication, leading researchers define the status, challenges and opportunities in the field, and forecast the required advances in science & technology to overcome the challenges to a range of bioprinting techniques and applications. [43] Scientists from the University of Groningen (the Netherlands) and the University of Würzburg (Germany) have investigated a simple biomimetic light-harvesting system using advanced spectroscopy combined with a microfluidic platform. [42] Gallium nitride, a semiconductor that revolutionized energy-efficient LED lighting, could also transform electronics and wireless communication, thanks to a discovery made by Cornell researchers. [41]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanoparticles in Mice Lungs

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 56 Pages.

Virginia Tech scientists have discovered that incredibly small particles of an unusual and highly toxic titanium oxide found in coal smog and ash can cause lung damage in mice after a single exposure, with long-term damage occurring in just six weeks. [37] Nanotechnology developed at Rutgers University-New Brunswick could boost research on stem cell transplantation, which may help people with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, other neurodegenerative diseases and central nervous system injuries. [36] Tiny silica bottles filled with medicine and a special temperature-sensitive material could be used for drug delivery to kill malignant cells only in certain parts of the body, according to a study published recently by researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology. [35]
Category: Physics of Biology

Artificial Virus Against Superbugs

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

Scientists at NPL, working with partners from the University of Cambridge, University of Exeter, King's College London and University College London have developed a mechanism of antibacterial persistence to combat persistent and resistant bacterial infections. [31] The fight against global antibiotic resistance has taken a major step forward with scientists discovering a concept for fabricating nanomeshes as an effective drug delivery system for antibiotics. [30] The solution consisting of colloidal quantum dots is inkjet-printed, creating active photosensitive layer of the photodetector. [29] I'm part of a group of nanotechnology and neuroscience researchers at the University of Washington investigating how quantum dots behave in the brain. [28] Nanotechnology may provide an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, a team of researchers suggests. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21]
Category: Physics of Biology

The Corona Virus May Have Come From Space

Authors: N. Chandra Wickramasinghe, Edward J Steele
Comments: 8 Pages.

With a new corona virus making the headlines and causing personal distress to many and extending its realm of havoc into the financial and business world the truest cause of this and other similar pandemics needs to be honestly explored. All the epidemiological, genetic, geophysical and astrophysical data are consistent with a cause associated with a meteorite explosion in North East China on October 11 2019. The sequelae of events following this event are put in historical context of pestilence and disease episodes following similar events throughout recorded human history.
Category: Physics of Biology

Ultrasound Selectively Kill Cancer Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 64 Pages.

A new technique could offer a targeted approach to fighting cancer: low-intensity pulses of ultrasound have been shown to selectively kill cancer cells while leaving normal cells unharmed. [34] Doctors have used focused ultrasound to destroy tumors without invasive surgery for some time. However, the therapeutic ultrasound used in clinics today indiscriminately damages cancer and healthy cells alike. [33] Scientists in the UK have shown for the first time that focused ultrasound from outside the body can improve the delivery of cancer drugs to tumors in humans. [32] The discovery could help us better understand aging and eventually could lead to new treatments for cancer. [31] A research team at the University of Delaware, led by Emily Day, an assistant professor of biomedical engineering, is laying the groundwork for a method to inhibit cancer-promoting genes in cancer cells while leaving healthy cells intact. [30] Researchers have moved closer to the real-time verification of hadron therapy, demonstrating the in vivo accuracy of simulations that predict particle range in the patient. [29] A biomimetic nanosystem can deliver therapeutic proteins to selectively target cancerous tumors, according to a team of Penn State researchers. [28] Sunlight is essential for all life, and living organisms have evolved to sense and respond to light. [27] Using X-ray laser technology, a team led by researchers of the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI has recorded one of the fastest processes in biology. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24]
Category: Physics of Biology

X-Ray Tuberculosis and Osteoporosis

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 34 Pages.

With an advanced X-ray combination technique, scientists have traced nanocarriers for tuberculosis drugs within cells with very high precision. [20] Now an international team of researchers has found a new way to investigate how Tb bacteria inactivate an important family of antibiotics: They watched the process in action for the first time using an X-ray free-electron laser, or XFEL. [19] A protein complex called facilitates chromatin transcription (FACT) plays a role in DNA packing within a nucleus, as well as in oncogenesis. [18]
Category: Physics of Biology

Motor-Related Brain Activity

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

Motor-related brain activity, particularly its accurate detection, quantification and classification capabilities, is of great interest to researchers. [33] Measuring optical blood flow in the resting human brain to detect spontaneous activity has for the first time been demonstrated by Wright State University imaging researchers, holding out promise for a better way to study people with autism, Alzheimer's and depression. [32] UCLA biologists report they have transferred a memory from one marine snail to another, creating an artificial memory, by injecting RNA from one to another. [31]
Category: Physics of Biology

DNA-Based Nanorobot Cancer Diagnostics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 65 Pages.

A group of researchers from ITMO University has come up with the concept of a new drug against cancer: a nanorobot made of DNA fragments, which can potentially be used not only to destroy cancer cells, but also to locate them in the body. [40] A team of researchers at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Israel has now made such cascades in the lab by encapsulating three enzymes and enzyme cofactors in nanoreactors made from metal-organic framework nanoparticles. [39] Researchers have developed a new form of nanoparticle and associated imaging technique that can detect multiple disease biomarkers, including those for breast cancer, found in deep-tissue in the body. [38] Researchers at University of Utah Health developed a proof-of-concept technology using nanoparticles that could offer a new approach for oral medications. [37] Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), extremely high resolution imaging of the molecule-covered surface structures of silver nanoparticles is possible, even down to the recognition of individual parts of the molecules protecting the surface. [36] A fiber optic sensing system developed by researchers in China and Canada can peer inside supercapacitors and batteries to observe their state of charge. [35] The idea of using a sound wave in optical fibers initially came from the team's partner researchers at Bar-Ilan University in Israel. Joint research projects should follow. [34] Researchers at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology have constructed a first-of-its-kind optic isolator based on resonance of light waves on a rapidly rotating glass sphere. [33] The micro-resonator is a two-mirror trap for the light, with the mirrors facing each other within several hundred nanometers. [32]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanoparticles Trick Kidney

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 66 Pages.

"Our nature-inspired approach enabled us to trick the kidney environment to let nanoparticles pass through," adds Dr. Melika Sarem who was a co-author of the study. [41] A group of researchers from ITMO University has come up with the concept of a new drug against cancer: a nanorobot made of DNA fragments, which can potentially be used not only to destroy cancer cells, but also to locate them in the body. [40] A team of researchers at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Israel has now made such cascades in the lab by encapsulating three enzymes and enzyme cofactors in nanoreactors made from metal-organic framework nanoparticles. [39] Researchers have developed a new form of nanoparticle and associated imaging technique that can detect multiple disease biomarkers, including those for breast cancer, found in deep-tissue in the body. [38] Researchers at University of Utah Health developed a proof-of-concept technology using nanoparticles that could offer a new approach for oral medications. [37] Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), extremely high resolution imaging of the molecule-covered surface structures of silver nanoparticles is possible, even down to the recognition of individual parts of the molecules protecting the surface. [36] A fiber optic sensing system developed by researchers in China and Canada can peer inside supercapacitors and batteries to observe their state of charge. [35] The idea of using a sound wave in optical fibers initially came from the team's partner researchers at Bar-Ilan University in Israel. Joint research projects should follow. [34] Researchers at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology have constructed a first-of-its-kind optic isolator based on resonance of light waves on a rapidly rotating glass sphere. [33] The micro-resonator is a two-mirror trap for the light, with the mirrors facing each other within several hundred nanometers. [32]
Category: Physics of Biology

Bone's Electricity Promote Regeneration

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 67 Pages.

Some materials show promise promoting bone regeneration by enhancing its natural electrical properties, according to a review in the journal Science and Technology of Advanced Materials. [42] "Our nature-inspired approach enabled us to trick the kidney environment to let nanoparticles pass through," adds Dr. Melika Sarem who was a co-author of the study. [41] A group of researchers from ITMO University has come up with the concept of a new drug against cancer: a nanorobot made of DNA fragments, which can potentially be used not only to destroy cancer cells, but also to locate them in the body. [40] A team of researchers at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Israel has now made such cascades in the lab by encapsulating three enzymes and enzyme cofactors in nanoreactors made from metal-organic framework nanoparticles. [39] Researchers have developed a new form of nanoparticle and associated imaging technique that can detect multiple disease biomarkers, including those for breast cancer, found in deep-tissue in the body. [38] Researchers at University of Utah Health developed a proof-of-concept technology using nanoparticles that could offer a new approach for oral medications. [37] Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), extremely high resolution imaging of the molecule-covered surface structures of silver nanoparticles is possible, even down to the recognition of individual parts of the molecules protecting the surface. [36] A fiber optic sensing system developed by researchers in China and Canada can peer inside supercapacitors and batteries to observe their state of charge. [35] The idea of using a sound wave in optical fibers initially came from the team's partner researchers at Bar-Ilan University in Israel. Joint research projects should follow. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

Cellular Transport System

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

Bulky globular proteins require specialized transport systems for insertion into membranes. Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU) in Munich researchers have determined the structure of such a system for the first time, and propose that it exploits the principle of the airlock. [30] One of the main challenges in tissue engineering today is to create a complete network of blood vessels and capillaries throughout an artificial tissue. [29] Scientists from the University of Freiburg have developed materials systems that are composed of biological components and polymer materials and are capable of perceiving and processing information. [28]
Category: Physics of Biology

Comment on the Origin of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus

Authors: Edward J Steele, N Chandra Wickramasinghe, Jiangwen Qu, Robert Temple, Gensuke Tokoro
Comments: 5 Pages. An alternative explanation for emergence of nCoV-2019 is proposedscientificl

Analysis of all genetic, epidemiological and geophysical and astrophysical data suggest the alternate hypothesis that nCoV-2019 arrived via a meteorite, presumed carbonaceous meteorite, that struck North East China on October 11 2019. We then assume the viral debris and particles then made land fall in the Wuhan and related regions about a month to six weeks later resulting in first cases of the viral pneumonia caused by nCoV-2019 emerging in Wuhan regions late November 2019-early December 2019.
Category: Physics of Biology

Tumor Hypoxia During Radiotherapy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 54 Pages.

Tumour hypoxia, defined as low levels of oxygen partial pressure (pO2), can cause resistance to radiotherapy. [33] “Identifying tissues not only by their structure and morphology, as is done today, but also by their unique molecular signatures can assist in diagnosis and decision-making,” says lead author Alexander Golberg, professor of environment and earth sciences at Tel Aviv University. [32] A particularly aggressive, metastasizing form of cancer, HER2-positive breast cancer, may be treated with nanoscopic particles "imprinted" with specific binding sites for the receptor molecule HER2. [31]
Category: Physics of Biology

Microbiome Using RNA Sequencing

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

A new collaborative study published by a research team from the Wayne State University School of Medicine, the CReATe Fertility Centre and the University of Massachusetts Amherst provides the first in-depth look at the microbiome of human sperm utilizing RNA sequencing with sufficient sensitivity to identify contamination and pathogenic bacterial colonization. [25] An LMU team has improved both the sensitivity and efficiency of a popular method for single-cell RNA sequencing, which yields a molecular fingerprint for individual cells based on their patterns of gene activity. [24] The goal is to find bits of DNA in common between the known relatives and the unidentified remains, suggesting both belong to a particular lineage. One analysis develops a profile that combines what's found at 23 spots in the DNA, for example. [23] A new method allows researchers to systematically identify specialized proteins that unpack DNA inside the nucleus of a cell, making the usually dense DNA more accessible for gene expression and other functions. [22]
Category: Physics of Biology

Synthesis of Antitumor Compounds

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 55 Pages.

RUDN chemist Viktor Khrustalev and his colleagues developed a method for the synthesis of isomers of these substances, that is, the compounds that are identical in atomic composition but different in the arrangement of atoms in space. [34] Tumour hypoxia, defined as low levels of oxygen partial pressure (pO2), can cause resistance to radiotherapy. [33] “Identifying tissues not only by their structure and morphology, as is done today, but also by their unique molecular signatures can assist in diagnosis and decision-making,” says lead author Alexander Golberg, professor of environment and earth sciences at Tel Aviv University. [32]
Category: Physics of Biology

Enzyme Fight Cancer Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 56 Pages.

A RUDN University biochemist has studied the stimulating effect of chemical substances on the catabolic enzyme PAO (polyamine oxidase). The results could contribute to the development of drugs against cancer. [35] RUDN chemist Viktor Khrustalev and his colleagues developed a method for the synthesis of isomers of these substances, that is, the compounds that are identical in atomic composition but different in the arrangement of atoms in space. [34] Tumour hypoxia, defined as low levels of oxygen partial pressure (pO2), can cause resistance to radiotherapy. [33] "Identifying tissues not only by their structure and morphology, as is done today, but also by their unique molecular signatures can assist in diagnosis and decision-making," says lead author Alexander Golberg, professor of environment and earth sciences at Tel Aviv University. [32] A particularly aggressive, metastasizing form of cancer, HER2-positive breast cancer, may be treated with nanoscopic particles "imprinted" with specific binding sites for the receptor molecule HER2. [31] UNC School of Medicine scientists created a powerful new "directed evolution" technique for the rapid development of scientific tools and new treatments for many diseases. [30] Scientists have been aware of this 'length problem' for a long time, but it was largely overlooked for most of the twentieth century. [29] Such emulsions are similar to the mixture that forms when you shake an oil-and-vinegar salad dressing, but with much smaller droplets. [28] Russian scientists found that nanocrystal tungsten trioxide can be used instead of barium for X-ray examinations and also in cancer treatment. [27] Medical advancements can come at a physical cost. Often following diagnosis and treatment for cancer and other diseases, patients' organs and cells can remain healed but damaged from the medical condition. [26]
Category: Physics of Biology

Regenerative Biology Restore Mucus

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 44 Pages.

Mucus is a protective, slimy secretion produced by goblet cells and which lines organs of the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive systems. [27] Scientists from EPFL's Institute of Bioengineering have discovered that the circadian clock and the cell-cycle are, in fact, synchronized. [26] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago have identified a molecular switch that causes immune cells called macrophages to clean up cellular debris caused by infections instead of contributing to inflammation and tissue injury. [25]
Category: Physics of Biology

CAR T Treatments to Cancer

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 44 Pages.

New cancer immunotherapies involve extracting a patient's T cells and genetically engineering them so they will recognize and attack tumors. [30] University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers have developed nanoparticles that, in the lab, can activate immune responses to cancer cells. [29] Small magnetic objects, which have been used successfully in technological applications such as data storage, are showing promise in the biomedical field. [28] Imaging at the scale of a single molecule has gained much recent research interest in diverse fields of molecular biology, physics and nanotechnology. [27] Physicists have developed a technique based on optical microscopy that can be used to create images of atoms on the nanoscale. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21] In the September 23th issue of the Physical Review Letters, Prof. Julien Laurat and his team at Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel-LKB) report that they have realized an efficient mirror consisting of only 2000 atoms. [20] Physicists at MIT have now cooled a gas of potassium atoms to several nanokelvins-just a hair above absolute zero-and trapped the atoms within a two-dimensional sheet of an optical lattice created by crisscrossing lasers. Using a high-resolution microscope, the researchers took images of the cooled atoms residing in the lattice. [19]
Category: Physics of Biology

Biology on a Micro-Scale

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 44 Pages.

The researchers hope that further research will help illuminate the physics of the very small-and perhaps provide insight into the dynamic movements occurring within our very cells. [30] University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers have developed nanoparticles that, in the lab, can activate immune responses to cancer cells. [29] Small magnetic objects, which have been used successfully in technological applications such as data storage, are showing promise in the biomedical field. [28] Imaging at the scale of a single molecule has gained much recent research interest in diverse fields of molecular biology, physics and nanotechnology. [27] Physicists have developed a technique based on optical microscopy that can be used to create images of atoms on the nanoscale. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21] In the September 23th issue of the Physical Review Letters, Prof. Julien Laurat and his team at Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel-LKB) report that they have realized an efficient mirror consisting of only 2000 atoms. [20] Physicists at MIT have now cooled a gas of potassium atoms to several nanokelvins-just a hair above absolute zero-and trapped the atoms within a two-dimensional sheet of an optical lattice created by crisscrossing lasers. Using a high-resolution microscope, the researchers took images of the cooled atoms residing in the lattice. [19]
Category: Physics of Biology

"The Third Horseman of the Apocalypse" (Energy, Market, Ecology and the Challenge of Civilization-(5))

Authors: V. A. Kasimov.
Comments: 12 Pages. in Russian, in English

In the metaphorical version of the "horsemen of the Apocalypse" by UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres [8] as an image of "measure" in the hand of the third rider, we see a measure of chaos (disorder) - entropy.
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanoparticles Response to Cancer

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers have developed nanoparticles that, in the lab, can activate immune responses to cancer cells. [29] Small magnetic objects, which have been used successfully in technological applications such as data storage, are showing promise in the biomedical field. [28] Imaging at the scale of a single molecule has gained much recent research interest in diverse fields of molecular biology, physics and nanotechnology. [27]
Category: Physics of Biology

Magnetic Enhance Medical Science

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 41 Pages.

Small magnetic objects, which have been used successfully in technological applications such as data storage, are showing promise in the biomedical field. [28] Imaging at the scale of a single molecule has gained much recent research interest in diverse fields of molecular biology, physics and nanotechnology. [27]
Category: Physics of Biology

Positron Emission Tomography

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

Researchers at CERN have placed new limits on the timing performance of state-of-the-art systems for time-of-flight positron electron tomography (TOF-PET). [34] Researchers in the US have combined artificial intelligence (AI) with an advanced laser-based imaging technique to create a system that can identify different types of brain cancer from surgical samples with a similar accuracy to pathologists, but much, much faster. [33] Measuring optical blood flow in the resting human brain to detect spontaneous activity has for the first time been demonstrated by Wright State University imaging researchers, holding out promise for a better way to study people with autism, Alzheimer's and depression. [32]
Category: Physics of Biology

Mathematical Model for Amyloid Formation

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

Amyloids are aggregates consisting of stacks of thousands of proteins bound tightly together. Their formation is involved in several widespread disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Type II diabetes. [35] Researchers at CERN have placed new limits on the timing performance of state-of-the-art systems for time-of-flight positron electron tomography (TOF-PET). [34] Researchers in the US have combined artificial intelligence (AI) with an advanced laser-based imaging technique to create a system that can identify different types of brain cancer from surgical samples with a similar accuracy to pathologists, but much, much faster. [33]
Category: Physics of Biology

RNA Direct Effect on DNA

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

Following a new collaboration between UiO and research groups in Nottingham and Oxford, it has now been revealed that RNA has a direct effect on DNA stability, according to Professor Klungland's research. [26] To dictate the biology of any cell, DNA in the cell's nucleus must be translated into corresponding strands of RNA. [25] An LMU team has improved both the sensitivity and efficiency of a popular method for single-cell RNA sequencing, which yields a molecular fingerprint for individual cells based on their patterns of gene activity. [24] The goal is to find bits of DNA in common between the known relatives and the unidentified remains, suggesting both belong to a particular lineage. One analysis develops a profile that combines what's found at 23 spots in the DNA, for example. [23] A new method allows researchers to systematically identify specialized proteins that unpack DNA inside the nucleus of a cell, making the usually dense DNA more accessible for gene expression and other functions. [22] Bacterial systems are some of the simplest and most effective platforms for the expression of recombinant proteins. [21] Now, in a new paper published in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Mayo researchers have determined how one DNA repair protein gets to the site of DNA damage. [20] A microscopic thread of DNA evidence in a public genealogy database led California authorities to declare this spring they had caught the Golden State Killer, the rapist and murderer who had eluded authorities for decades. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17]
Category: Physics of Biology

AI Classifies Brain Cancer

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

Researchers in the US have combined artificial intelligence (AI) with an advanced laser-based imaging technique to create a system that can identify different types of brain cancer from surgical samples with a similar accuracy to pathologists, but much, much faster. [33] Measuring optical blood flow in the resting human brain to detect spontaneous activity has for the first time been demonstrated by Wright State University imaging researchers, holding out promise for a better way to study people with autism, Alzheimer's and depression. [32]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanoparticle Against Heart Attacks

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 63 Pages.

Michigan State University and Stanford University scientists have invented a nanoparticle that eats away—from the inside out—portions of plaques that cause heart attacks. [34] Another collaborative project from a nanoparticles expert at The University of Texas at Arlington has yielded promising results in the search for more effective, targeted cancer treatments. [33] Automated radiotherapy planning is a boon for medical physicists and dosimetrists, radiotherapy departments, and patients themselves – according to a team at Cone Health Cancer Center. [32]
Category: Physics of Biology

Laser Diagnoses at a Distance

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 26 Pages.

Fully contact-free laser ultrasound (LUS) imaging has been demonstrated in humans by researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), in collaboration with MIT Lincoln Laboratory. Xiang Zhang and colleagues used an infrared laser to generate sound waves at the tissue surface of volunteers' forearms. [14] Optical Mammography, or OM, which uses harmless red or infrared light, has been developed for use in conjunction with X-rays for diagnosis or monitoring in cases demanding repeated imaging where high amounts of ionizing radiation should be avoided. [13] University Professor of Applied Physics Stephen Arnold and his team at the New York University Tandon School of Engineering have made a discovery that could lead to Star Trek-like biosensor devices capable of flagging the barest presence in blood of a specific virus or antibody, or protein marker for a specific cancer; or sniffing out airborne chemical warfare agents while they are still far below toxic levels. [12] Lead researcher Dr Jonathan Breeze, from Imperial's Department of Materials, said: "This breakthrough paves the way for the widespread adoption of masers and opens the door for a wide array of applications that we are keen to explore. We hope the maser will now enjoy as much success as the laser." [11] Japanese researchers have optimized the design of laboratory-grown, synthetic diamonds. [10] Nearly 75 years ago, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Erwin Schrödinger wondered if the mysterious world of quantum mechanics played a role in biology. A recent finding by Northwestern University's Prem Kumar adds further evidence that the answer might be yes. [9] A UNSW Australia-led team of researchers has discovered how algae that survive in very low levels of light are able to switch on and off a weird quantum phenomenon that occurs during photosynthesis. [8] This paper contains the review of quantum entanglement investigations in living systems, and in the quantum mechanically modeled photoactive prebiotic kernel systems. [7] The human body is a constant flux of thousands of chemical/biological interactions and processes connecting molecules, cells, organs, and fluids, throughout the brain, body, and nervous system. Up until recently it was thought that all these interactions operated in a linear sequence, passing on information much like a runner passing the baton to the next runner. However, the latest findings in quantum biology and biophysics have discovered that there is in fact a tremendous degree of coherence within all living systems. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to understand the Quantum Biology.
Category: Physics of Biology

Multiple-Lesion Dosimetry

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 29 Pages.

The growing clinical application of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for the treatment of metastatic tumours in the brain presents a significant dosimetric and quality assurance (QA) challenge for medical physicists and their clinical colleagues. [15] Fully contact-free laser ultrasound (LUS) imaging has been demonstrated in humans by researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), in collaboration with MIT Lincoln Laboratory. Xiang Zhang and colleagues used an infrared laser to generate sound waves at the tissue surface of volunteers' forearms. [14] Optical Mammography, or OM, which uses harmless red or infrared light, has been developed for use in conjunction with X-rays for diagnosis or monitoring in cases demanding repeated imaging where high amounts of ionizing radiation should be avoided. [13] University Professor of Applied Physics Stephen Arnold and his team at the New York University Tandon School of Engineering have made a discovery that could lead to Star Trek-like biosensor devices capable of flagging the barest presence in blood of a specific virus or antibody, or protein marker for a specific cancer; or sniffing out airborne chemical warfare agents while they are still far below toxic levels. [12] Lead researcher Dr Jonathan Breeze, from Imperial's Department of Materials, said: "This breakthrough paves the way for the widespread adoption of masers and opens the door for a wide array of applications that we are keen to explore. We hope the maser will now enjoy as much success as the laser." [11] Japanese researchers have optimized the design of laboratory-grown, synthetic diamonds. [10] Nearly 75 years ago, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Erwin Schrödinger wondered if the mysterious world of quantum mechanics played a role in biology. A recent finding by Northwestern University's Prem Kumar adds further evidence that the answer might be yes. [9] A UNSW Australia-led team of researchers has discovered how algae that survive in very low levels of light are able to switch on and off a weird quantum phenomenon that occurs during photosynthesis. [8] This paper contains the review of quantum entanglement investigations in living systems, and in the quantum mechanically modeled photoactive prebiotic kernel systems. [7] The human body is a constant flux of thousands of chemical/biological interactions and processes connecting molecules, cells, organs, and fluids, throughout the brain, body, and nervous system. Up until recently it was thought that all these interactions operated in a linear sequence, passing on information much like a runner passing the baton to the next runner. However, the latest findings in quantum biology and biophysics have discovered that there is in fact a tremendous degree of coherence within all living systems. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to understand the Quantum Biology.
Category: Physics of Biology

Jumping Genes Stabilize DNA Folding

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

"Jumping genes"—bits of DNA that can move from one spot in the genome to another—are well-known for increasing genetic diversity over the long course of evolution. [23] Biology encodes information in DNA and RNA, which are complex molecules finely tuned to their functions. [22] When cells suffer DNA damage, they send out an SOS signal. When the repair crew arrives, the emergency signal is cancelled as it is no longer needed. [21] Now, in a new paper published in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Mayo researchers have determined how one DNA repair protein gets to the site of DNA damage. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

Protein Delivery Immune Response

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

"Maybe this will tell us a bit more about how macrophages associated with tumors and infection can suppress a T cell response," he says. [28] Sunlight is essential for all life, and living organisms have evolved to sense and respond to light. [27] Using X-ray laser technology, a team led by researchers of the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI has recorded one of the fastest processes in biology. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19]
Category: Physics of Biology

Diabetes-Related Proteins

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

Scientists have examined a key receptor for the first time at high resolution-broadening understanding of how it might function, and opening the door to future improvements in treating conditions such as type 2 diabetes. [29] "Maybe this will tell us a bit more about how macrophages associated with tumors and infection can suppress a T cell response," he says. [28] Sunlight is essential for all life, and living organisms have evolved to sense and respond to light. [27] Using X-ray laser technology, a team led by researchers of the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI has recorded one of the fastest processes in biology. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

Social Networks of Neurons

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 55 Pages.

The detailed insight into the molecular guidance mechanisms of brain cells was possible due to the structural analyses of the protein complex. [34] In a recent report, Mengke Yang and colleagues at the Brain Research Instrument Innovation Center, Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Systems Neuroscience and Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology in China, Germany and the U.K. developed a new technique named the multiarea two-photon real-time in vitro explorer (MATRIEX). [33] Measuring optical blood flow in the resting human brain to detect spontaneous activity has for the first time been demonstrated by Wright State University imaging researchers, holding out promise for a better way to study people with autism, Alzheimer's and depression. [32]
Category: Physics of Biology

The "Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse

Authors: António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres
Comments: 4 Pages. in Russian, in English

Peace and Security. "The "four horsemen of the Apocalypse" pose threats in the 21st century. UN chief outlines solutions to defeat ‘four horsemen’ threatening our global future. 22 January 2020 : Geopolitical tensions Climatel crisis Global mistrust The dark side of technology To meet them with dignity, today we need the efforts of the UN.
Category: Physics of Biology

Antibacterial Nanoparticles

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

According to the World Health Organization, one of the biggest health threats around the world is antibiotic-resistant bacteria. [26] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago have identified a molecular switch that causes immune cells called macrophages to clean up cellular debris caused by infections instead of contributing to inflammation and tissue injury. [25] Working with mouse and human tissue, Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers report new evidence that a protein pumped out of some—but not all—populations of "helper" cells in the brain, called astrocytes, plays a specific role in directing the formation of connections among neurons needed for learning and forming new memories. [24]
Category: Physics of Biology

Heat-Therapeutic System

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

Along these lines, and in particular in the battle to fight cancer, researchers are actively developing sophisticated strategies to destroy tumors by raising their temperature. [28] "The physical origins of thermodynamic uncertainty relations were obscure until now. Our study shows they can be derived from FTs," Landi said. [27] A solid can serve as a medium for heat and sound wave interactions just like a fluid does for thermoacoustic engines and refrigerators - resulting in leak-free machines that can stay operating longer. [26]
Category: Physics of Biology

Portable Device Diagnose Sepsis

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

EPFL researchers have developed a highly sensitive and portable optical biosensor that stands to accelerate the diagnosis of fatal conditions like sepsis. It could be used by ambulances and hospitals to improve the triage process and save lives. [25] Handheld electrochemical sensors are part of the daily routine for millions of people with diabetes around the globe who monitor their blood sugar levels with electric glucometers. [24] A Rutgers-led team has created better biosensor technology that may help lead to safe stem cell therapies for treating Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and other neurological disorders. [23]
Category: Physics of Biology

Discovery How Cells Move

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

But the complicated mechanics of this collective cell movement-which are facilitated by rearrangements between each cell and its neighbors-have made it challenging for researchers to decipher what's actually driving it. [27] It's a remarkable choreography. In each of our bodies, more than 37 trillion cells tightly coordinate with other cells to organize into the numerous tissues and organs that make us tick. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19]
Category: Physics of Biology

Ultrasound Disrupts Cancer Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

Medical engineers have proven that the unique internal structure of cancer cells can make them vulnerable to vibrations from specific frequencies of ultrasound. [34] Using the latest advances in imaging and computing, Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers have developed a framework that's able to reveal the structural and functional changes in the blood vessel network required for growth of a tumour. [33] Medical physicist Dr. Aswin Hoffmann and his team from the Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) have combined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a proton beam, thus demonstrating for the first time that in principle, this commonly used imaging method can work with particle beam cancer treatments. [32] Washington State University researchers for the first time have shown that they can use electrical fields to gain valuable information about the tiny, floating vesicles that move around in animals and plants and are critically important to many biological functions. [31] Finding a fast and inexpensive way to detect specific strains of bacteria and viruses is critical to food safety, water quality, environmental protection and human health. [30] In the perspective, Gabor and Song collect early examples in electron metamaterials and distil emerging design strategies for electronic control from them. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25]
Category: Physics of Biology

Molecular Nano-Patterning

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 25 Pages.

Body movement, from the muscles in your arms to the neurons transporting those signals to your brain, relies on a massive collection of proteins called molecular motors. [19] Now, a team of researchers led by Dongsheng Li, a materials scientist at PNNL, and collaborators at the University of Michigan and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, have unlocked the secret to one of the most useful nanostructures: the five-fold twin. [18] The researchers have generated femtosecond laser pulses, with tailor-made, temporally varying polarizations, which are themselves chiral. [17] The scientists identified a shortlist, a kind of "periodic table" of the most designable knot types, i.e. those knots that could easily self-assemble under appropriate physical and chemical conditions. [16] Scientists have now observed for the first time how diamonds grow from seed at an atomic level, and discovered just how big the seeds need to be to kick the crystal growing process into overdrive. [15] The researchers engineered diamond strings that can be tuned to quiet a qubit's environment and improve memory from tens to several hundred nanoseconds, enough time to do many operations on a quantum chip. [14] Intel has announced the design and fabrication of a 49-qubit superconducting quantum-processor chip at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas. To improve our understanding of the so-called quantum properties of materials, scientists at the TU Delft investigated thin slices of SrIrO3, a material that belongs to the family of complex oxides. [12] New research carried out by CQT researchers suggest that standard protocols that measure the dimensions of quantum systems may return incorrect numbers. [11] Is entanglement really necessary for describing the physical world, or is it possible to have some post-quantum theory without entanglement? [10] A trio of scientists who defied Einstein by proving the nonlocal nature of quantum entanglement will be honoured with the John Stewart Bell Prize from the University of Toronto (U of T). [9] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer using Quantum Information. In August 2013, the achievement of "fully deterministic" quantum teleportation, using a hybrid technique, was reported. On 29 May 2014, scientists announced a reliable way of transferring data by quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation of data had been done before but with highly unreliable methods. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer with the help of Quantum Information.
Category: Physics of Biology

Understanding Gene Expression

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 35 Pages.

A group of University of Chicago scientists has uncovered a previously unknown way that our genes are made into reality. [22] Histones are proteins that regulate the unwinding of DNA in the cell nucleus and the expression of genes based on chemical modifications or "marks" that are placed on their tails. [21] Now, in a new paper published in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Mayo researchers have determined how one DNA repair protein gets to the site of DNA damage. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

Ultrasensitive PET Total-Body Imaging

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

The uEXPLORER is a 194-cm-long total-body PET/CT scanner developed by a research team at UC Davis and manufactured by United Imaging Healthcare of Shanghai. [36] Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology in Berlin have discovered that the body has a receptor, which doesn't recognize bacteria themselves, but spies out their communication. [35] The research team used a microfluidic device, known as the mother machine, to localize thousands of individual bacteria in microscopic channels. [34] A new way of detecting chemicals secreted by stem cells as they differentiate into bone cells could make it possible to electrically monitor the differentiation process in real time. [33]
Category: Physics of Biology

Bacterial Cells in Photo-Emission

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 26 Pages.

A team of Russian scientists working in cooperation with international colleagues used a new method combining visual microscopic observations and photoemission spectrum registration that can be used to create a map of the physical and chemical state of a cell surface. [16] Biochemists at the University of Illinois have isolated a protein supercomplex from a bacterial membrane that, like a battery, generates a voltage across the bacterial membrane. [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase-a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13] Researchers have fused living and non-living cells for the first time in a way that allows them to work together, paving the way for new applications. [12] UZH researchers have discovered a previously unknown way in which proteins interact with one another and cells organize themselves. [11] Dr Martin Sweatman from the University of Edinburgh's School of Engineering has discovered a simple physical principle that might explain how life started on Earth. [10] Nearly 75 years ago, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Erwin Schrödinger wondered if the mysterious world of quantum mechanics played a role in biology. A recent finding by Northwestern University's Prem Kumar adds further evidence that the answer might be yes. [9] A UNSW Australia-led team of researchers has discovered how algae that survive in very low levels of light are able to switch on and off a weird quantum phenomenon that occurs during photosynthesis. [8] This paper contains the review of quantum entanglement investigations in living systems, and in the quantum mechanically modeled photoactive prebiotic kernel systems. [7] The human body is a constant flux of thousands of chemical/biological interactions and processes connecting molecules, cells, organs, and fluids, throughout the brain, body, and nervous system. Up until recently it was thought that all these interactions operated in a linear sequence, passing on information much like a runner passing the baton to the next runner. However, the latest findings in quantum biology and biophysics have discovered that there is in fact a tremendous degree of coherence within all living systems. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to understand the Quantum Biology.
Category: Physics of Biology

Sweat Sensor Replace Blood Tests

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 59 Pages.

"Considering that abnormal circulating nutrients and metabolites are related to a number of health conditions, the information collected from such wearable sensors will be invaluable for both research and medical treatment," Gao concludes. [37] A team of researchers from Massachusetts Institute of Technology has designed a new surgical tool that is maneuverable through some of the narrowest twisting networks of blood vessels to help treat stroke and aneurysm. [37] A new paper in Nature Photonics from researchers at CU Boulder details impressive improvements in the ability to control the propagation and interaction of light in complex media such as tissue-an area with many potential applications in the medical field. [36] The new microscopes, known as mesoSPIMs, can image the minute detail of brain tissue down to individual neurons, and can uncover the 3-D anatomy of entire small organs faster than ever before. [35] A team of researchers from Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology has found that they could use an optical tweezer array of laser-cooled molecules to observe ground state collisions between individual molecules. [34] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have replicated one of the most well-known electromagnetic effects in physics, the Hall Effect, using radio waves (photons) instead of electric current (electrons). [33] A team of researchers from Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology has found that they could use an optical tweezer array of laser-cooled molecules to observe ground state collisions between individual molecules. [32] "With optical tweezers, you can capture a single particle in its native state in solution and watch its structural evolution," said Linda Young, Argonne distinguished fellow. [31] The optical tweezer is revealing new capabilities while helping scientists understand quantum mechanics, the theory that explains nature in terms of subatomic particles. [30] In the perspective, Gabor and Song collect early examples in electron metamaterials and distil emerging design strategies for electronic control from them. [29]
Category: Physics of Biology

Faster Breast Cancer Radiotherapy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

Faster Breast Cancer Radiotherapy Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) is non-inferior to conventional whole-breast irradiation in preventing breast tumour recurrence, according to long-term findings of a trial of over 2100 women. [24] The Pt nanoreactor was designed with a controlled core-shell structure and morphology for the visual detection of metabolic biomarkers and direct laser desorption/ionization MS fingerprinting of the native serum. [23] Nuclear technology companies Phoenix and SHINE Medical Technologies have achieved a new world record for a nuclear fusion reaction in a steady-state system, the strongest of its kind ever produced on Earth. [22]
Category: Physics of Biology

Protein Structure Fight Asthma

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

Biophysicists from the MIPT Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases have teamed up with colleagues from Canada, the U.S., Japan, France, and Germany to shed light on the structure and functioning mechanism of the CysLT receptors, which regulate inflammatory responses associated with allergic disorders. [34] These will then produce the proteins themselves, without the cell functions being disturbed: cells, structures or their activities thus become visible under the microscope. [33] Measuring optical blood flow in the resting human brain to detect spontaneous activity has for the first time been demonstrated by Wright State University imaging researchers, holding out promise for a better way to study people with autism, Alzheimer's and depression. [32]
Category: Physics of Biology

Protein Mimics Antiaging Effects

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 37 Pages.

Scientists are just beginning to understand the cellular processes that lead to aging and slow healing in skin cells. [23] A new method allows researchers to systematically identify specialized proteins that unpack DNA inside the nucleus of a cell, making the usually dense DNA more accessible for gene expression and other functions. [22] Bacterial systems are some of the simplest and most effective platforms for the expression of recombinant proteins. [21]
Category: Physics of Biology

Proteins on a Neuron's Surface

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 55 Pages.

Scientists have found a new way to home in on the proteins covering a particular cell's surface. The feat offers insight into how brain cells form intricate networks during development. [34] In a recent report, Mengke Yang and colleagues at the Brain Research Instrument Innovation Center, Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Systems Neuroscience and Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology in China, Germany and the U.K. developed a new technique named the multiarea two-photon real-time in vitro explorer (MATRIEX). [33] Measuring optical blood flow in the resting human brain to detect spontaneous activity has for the first time been demonstrated by Wright State University imaging researchers, holding out promise for a better way to study people with autism, Alzheimer's and depression. [32]
Category: Physics of Biology

Protein Positioning Technique

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 59 Pages.

A research team at Kobe University has developed a method of artificially controlling the anchorage position of target proteins in engineered baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). [35] Scientists have found a new way to home in on the proteins covering a particular cell's surface. The feat offers insight into how brain cells form intricate networks during development. [34] In a recent report, Mengke Yang and colleagues at the Brain Research Instrument Innovation Center, Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Systems Neuroscience and Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology in China, Germany and the U.K. developed a new technique named the multiarea two-photon real-time in vitro explorer (MATRIEX). [33]
Category: Physics of Biology

Decoy Molecule Neutralizes Arenaviruses

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 60 Pages.

Dr. Hadas Cohen-Dvashi, a member of the Diskin lab, led the next stage of the research, in which she "surgically removed" the very tip of the rodent receptor to which the virus binds and engineered it onto part of an antibody. [36] A research team at Kobe University has developed a method of artificially controlling the anchorage position of target proteins in engineered baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). [35] Scientists have found a new way to home in on the proteins covering a particular cell's surface. The feat offers insight into how brain cells form intricate networks during development. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

Programmable Cells Nests

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 56 Pages.

Using DNA, small silica particles, and carbon nanotubes, researchers of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) have developed novel programmable nanocomposites that can be tailored to various applications and programmed to degrade quickly and gently. [37] Scientists at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) have functionalized a simple rod-like building block with hydroxamic acids at both ends. [36] Tiny silica bottles filled with medicine and a special temperature-sensitive material could be used for drug delivery to kill malignant cells only in certain parts of the body, according to a study published recently by researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology. [35]
Category: Physics of Biology

An Analysis of the State-Transition Function of a Self-Reproducing Structure in Cellular Automata Space

Authors: Perry W Swanborough
Comments: 11 Pages.

A cellular automata structure described by J Byl (1989) self-replicates under a corresponding state-transition function. Subsequent work has established that replication of this and related structures given by other researchers is homochiral. This work describes a detailed analysis of the state-transition function for replication of J Byl’s structure, so the work serves as an Appendix to accompany the preceding work viXra:1904.0225.
Category: Physics of Biology

A Theory for Gravitational Killing Cancer Cells, Lightning Mechanism and Anomalous Magnetism of Muon 2G

Authors: Reginald B. Little
Comments: 33 Pages.

The death of cancer cells under zero gravity or simulated zero gravity has an unknown cause. A prior theory of gravity by fractional, reversible fissing of matter and fusing of space to target is presented for explaining this mystery of gravitational killing of cancer cells. With this new theory a new math of divergent differentiations and divergent integrations are outlined to explain mysteries. By the mechanism given the variation in source gravity as computed by the new math can thereby explain effects on biology as the biology and chemistry have divergent differentiations and divergent integrations, which couple source of gravities and couple changing gravities to surrounding spaces and targets in surrounding spaces. Greater effects of gravities in nano-scales than molecular scales are reasoned as nano-sizes have mass effects and greater collectivity relative to molecular scales. The mechanism also postulates superluminosity of rare with slowing to luminous with denseness (space reversal) for explaining inertia, denseness and back and forth time reversal. The loss of inertia due to space reversal is reasoned! Mass to energy and vice versa dynamics are involved relativistically. By such new mechanics there are differences in denseness as the superlumes fiss to rare so surrounding rare can couple and the superluminous rare concentrates to slow so as to couple to dense. There are limits of such superluminosity as by the vast distances and the vast, composite, dense spaces of matter and the slowness (inertia). These new mechanics of composite matter/space manifest group dispersion (by new divergent calculus) as provided by hidden mechanics as by self-interacting self-deforming conformations to explain observable phase dispersed (older calculus). The observables are manifested by phase dispersions of matter and space as by new divergent calculus via constructive self interactions. The new math is contrasted with the Newtonian integrals and derivatives, which are more finite in actions and consequences whereas the divergent integrals and divergent differentiations are more infinities in actions and consequences. If dynamic infinity and count infinity, then the counting and mechanics can be as demonstrated here by many infinities or counter infinities.
Category: Physics of Biology

Nano-Patterns Building Blocks

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 55 Pages.

Scientists at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) have functionalized a simple rod-like building block with hydroxamic acids at both ends. [36] Tiny silica bottles filled with medicine and a special temperature-sensitive material could be used for drug delivery to kill malignant cells only in certain parts of the body, according to a study published recently by researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology. [35] The lab of Cheryl Kerfeld at Michigan State University has created a synthetic nano-sized factory, based on natural ones found in bacteria. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanoparticles Enter Tumors Through Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

Researchers from U of T Engineering have discovered that an active, rather than passive, process dictates which nanoparticles enter solid tumors. [23] Researchers at Oregon State University have developed an improved technique for using magnetic nanoclusters to kill hard-to-reach tumors. [22] MIT researchers have now come up with a novel way to prevent fibrosis from occurring, by incorporating a crystallized immunosuppressant drug into devices. [21] In a surprising marriage of science and art, researchers at MIT have developed a system for converting the molecular structures of proteins, the basic building blocks of all living beings, into audible sound that resembles musical passages. [20] Inspired by ideas from the physics of phase transitions and polymer physics, researchers in the Divisions of Physical and Biological Sciences at UC San Diego set out specifically to determine the organization of DNA inside the nucleus of a living cell. [19] Scientists from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland are using neutrons at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to capture new information about DNA and RNA molecules and enable more accurate computer simulations of how they interact with everything from proteins to viruses. [18] The DNA molecules are chiral, which means they can exist in two forms which are mirror images, like a left and right hand. The phenomenon was dubbed "chiral induced spin selectivity" (CISS), and over the last few years, several experiments were published allegedly showing this CISS effect, even in electronic devices. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase-a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14]
Category: Physics of Biology

Treatments for Obesity and Diabetes

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

Engineered ingestible molecular traps created from mesoporous silica particles (MSPs) introduced to the gut can have an effect on food efficiency and metabolic risk factors. [24] Researchers from U of T Engineering have discovered that an active, rather than passive, process dictates which nanoparticles enter solid tumors. [23] Researchers at Oregon State University have developed an improved technique for using magnetic nanoclusters to kill hard-to-reach tumors. [22] MIT researchers have now come up with a novel way to prevent fibrosis from occurring, by incorporating a crystallized immunosuppressant drug into devices. [21] In a surprising marriage of science and art, researchers at MIT have developed a system for converting the molecular structures of proteins, the basic building blocks of all living beings, into audible sound that resembles musical passages. [20] Inspired by ideas from the physics of phase transitions and polymer physics, researchers in the Divisions of Physical and Biological Sciences at UC San Diego set out specifically to determine the organization of DNA inside the nucleus of a living cell. [19] Scientists from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland are using neutrons at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to capture new information about DNA and RNA molecules and enable more accurate computer simulations of how they interact with everything from proteins to viruses. [18] The DNA molecules are chiral, which means they can exist in two forms which are mirror images, like a left and right hand. The phenomenon was dubbed "chiral induced spin selectivity" (CISS), and over the last few years, several experiments were published allegedly showing this CISS effect, even in electronic devices. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15]
Category: Physics of Biology

Protein Sestrin Benefits

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 67 Pages.

Michigan Medicine researchers studying a class of naturally occurring protein called Sestrin have found that it can mimic many of exercise's effects in flies and mice. [38] Researchers have developed a way to prop up a struggling immune system to enable its fight against sepsis, a deadly condition resulting from the body's extreme reaction to infection. [37] An interdisciplinary team of scientists from KU Leuven, the University of Bremen, the Leibniz Institute of Materials Engineering, and the University of Ioannina has succeeded in killing tumour cells in mice using nano-sized copper compounds together with immunotherapy. [36]
Category: Physics of Biology

Herpes Simplex Viruses

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 69 Pages.

An Italian research team has refined the history and origins of two extremely common pathogens in human populations, herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2. [39] Michigan Medicine researchers studying a class of naturally occurring protein called Sestrin have found that it can mimic many of exercise's effects in flies and mice. [38] Researchers have developed a way to prop up a struggling immune system to enable its fight against sepsis, a deadly condition resulting from the body's extreme reaction to infection. [37] An interdisciplinary team of scientists from KU Leuven, the University of Bremen, the Leibniz Institute of Materials Engineering, and the University of Ioannina has succeeded in killing tumour cells in mice using nano-sized copper compounds together with immunotherapy. [36]
Category: Physics of Biology

Proteome State in Live Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 68 Pages.

Australian scientists have developed a molecular probe that senses the state of the proteome—the entire set of the proteins—by measuring the polarity of the protein environment. [39] Michigan Medicine researchers studying a class of naturally occurring protein called Sestrin have found that it can mimic many of exercise's effects in flies and mice. [38] Researchers have developed a way to prop up a struggling immune system to enable its fight against sepsis, a deadly condition resulting from the body's extreme reaction to infection. [37]
Category: Physics of Biology

Boosting Cell's Antibacterial Properties

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 66 Pages.

Researchers have developed a way to prop up a struggling immune system to enable its fight against sepsis, a deadly condition resulting from the body's extreme reaction to infection. [37] An interdisciplinary team of scientists from KU Leuven, the University of Bremen, the Leibniz Institute of Materials Engineering, and the University of Ioannina has succeeded in killing tumour cells in mice using nano-sized copper compounds together with immunotherapy. [36] Johns Hopkins researchers report that a type of biodegradable, lab-engineered nanoparticle they fashioned can successfully deliver a "suicide gene" to pediatric brain tumor cells implanted in the brains of mice. [35]
Category: Physics of Biology

Bright Eyes Bactericide

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 67 Pages.

An aqueous extract from the root of Catharanthus roseus, a plant commonly known as bright eyes, can be used as both a reducing agent as well as a capping agent for the synthesis of bactericidal silver nanoparticles, according to research published in the International Journal of Nanoparticles. [38] Researchers have developed a way to prop up a struggling immune system to enable its fight against sepsis, a deadly condition resulting from the body's extreme reaction to infection. [37] An interdisciplinary team of scientists from KU Leuven, the University of Bremen, the Leibniz Institute of Materials Engineering, and the University of Ioannina has succeeded in killing tumour cells in mice using nano-sized copper compounds together with immunotherapy. [36]
Category: Physics of Biology

Bleeding Without Adhering to the Wound

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 69 Pages.

Researchers from ETH Zurich and the National University of Singapore have developed a new kind of bandage that helps blood to clot and doesn't stick to the wound. [39] An aqueous extract from the root of Catharanthus roseus, a plant commonly known as bright eyes, can be used as both a reducing agent as well as a capping agent for the synthesis of bactericidal silver nanoparticles, according to research published in the International Journal of Nanoparticles. [38] Researchers have developed a way to prop up a struggling immune system to enable its fight against sepsis, a deadly condition resulting from the body's extreme reaction to infection. [37]
Category: Physics of Biology

Cooper-Based Nanomaterials Kill Cancer Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 64 Pages.

An interdisciplinary team of scientists from KU Leuven, the University of Bremen, the Leibniz Institute of Materials Engineering, and the University of Ioannina has succeeded in killing tumour cells in mice using nano-sized copper compounds together with immunotherapy. [36] Johns Hopkins researchers report that a type of biodegradable, lab-engineered nanoparticle they fashioned can successfully deliver a "suicide gene" to pediatric brain tumor cells implanted in the brains of mice. [35] A new study at the University of Georgia has found a way to attack cancer cells that is potentially less harmful to the patient. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

Bilingual Basic Codes for Life

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 35 Pages.

The nucleic acids of DNA encode genetic information, while the amino acids of proteins contain the code to turn that information into structures and functions. [22] Histones are proteins that regulate the unwinding of DNA in the cell nucleus and the expression of genes based on chemical modifications or "marks" that are placed on their tails. [21] Now, in a new paper published in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Mayo researchers have determined how one DNA repair protein gets to the site of DNA damage. [20] A microscopic thread of DNA evidence in a public genealogy database led California authorities to declare this spring they had caught the Golden State Killer, the rapist and murderer who had eluded authorities for decades. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase-a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13] Researchers have fused living and non-living cells for the first time in a way that allows them to work together, paving the way for new applications. [12]
Category: Physics of Biology

Alpha DaRT Treatment Human Trial

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 67 Pages.

Researchers in Israel have now published the positive results of a first-in-human clinical study evaluating the feasibility, safety and efficacy of this novel radiotherapy technique. [36] Johns Hopkins researchers report that a type of biodegradable, lab-engineered nanoparticle they fashioned can successfully deliver a "suicide gene" to pediatric brain tumor cells implanted in the brains of mice. [35] A new study at the University of Georgia has found a way to attack cancer cells that is potentially less harmful to the patient. [34] Doctors have used focused ultrasound to destroy tumors without invasive surgery for some time. However, the therapeutic ultrasound used in clinics today indiscriminately damages cancer and healthy cells alike. [33]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nutrient Flow in the Brain

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 66 Pages.

A new model based on the blood-vessel network in a rat brain shows that the vessel position within its circulatory network does not influence the blood flow nor how nutrients are transported. [36]
Category: Physics of Biology

Drones Navigate Complex Environments

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 64 Pages.

The flight navigation strategy of moths can be used to develop programs that help drones to navigate unfamiliar environments, report Ioannis Paschalidis at Boston University, Thomas Daniel at University of Washington, and colleagues, in the open-access journal PLOS Computational Biology. [36] Johns Hopkins researchers report that a type of biodegradable, lab-engineered nanoparticle they fashioned can successfully deliver a "suicide gene" to pediatric brain tumor cells implanted in the brains of mice. [35]
Category: Physics of Biology

Illuminating Nanoparticles

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

Scientists at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST) have developed a light-based device that can act as a biosensor, detecting biological substances in materials; for example, harmful pathogens in food samples. [34] A tightly focused, circularly polarized spatially phase-modulated beam of light formed an optical ring trap. [33] Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology proposed new quasi-1-D materials for potential spintronic applications, an upcoming technology that exploits the spin of electrons. [32] They do this by using "excitons," electrically neutral quasiparticles that exist in insulators, semiconductors and in some liquids. [31] Researchers at ETH Zurich have now developed a method that makes it possible to couple such a spin qubit strongly to microwave photons. [30] Quantum dots that emit entangled photon pairs on demand could be used in quantum communication networks. [29] Researchers successfully integrated the systems-donor atoms and quantum dots. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22]
Category: Physics of Biology

Extend Lifespan by 500%

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 61 Pages.

The increase in lifespan would be the equivalent of a human living for 400 or 500 years, according to one of the scientists. [34] Doctors have used focused ultrasound to destroy tumors without invasive surgery for some time. However, the therapeutic ultrasound used in clinics today indiscriminately damages cancer and healthy cells alike. [33] Scientists in the UK have shown for the first time that focused ultrasound from outside the body can improve the delivery of cancer drugs to tumors in humans. [32] The discovery could help us better understand aging and eventually could lead to new treatments for cancer. [31]
Category: Physics of Biology

Salt Nanoparticles Toxic to Cancer Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 61 Pages.

A new study at the University of Georgia has found a way to attack cancer cells that is potentially less harmful to the patient. [34] Doctors have used focused ultrasound to destroy tumors without invasive surgery for some time. However, the therapeutic ultrasound used in clinics today indiscriminately damages cancer and healthy cells alike. [33] Scientists in the UK have shown for the first time that focused ultrasound from outside the body can improve the delivery of cancer drugs to tumors in humans. [32] The discovery could help us better understand aging and eventually could lead to new treatments for cancer. [31] A research team at the University of Delaware, led by Emily Day, an assistant professor of biomedical engineering, is laying the groundwork for a method to inhibit cancer-promoting genes in cancer cells while leaving healthy cells intact. [30] Researchers have moved closer to the real-time verification of hadron therapy, demonstrating the in vivo accuracy of simulations that predict particle range in the patient. [29] A biomimetic nanosystem can deliver therapeutic proteins to selectively target cancerous tumors, according to a team of Penn State researchers. [28] Sunlight is essential for all life, and living organisms have evolved to sense and respond to light. [27] Using X-ray laser technology, a team led by researchers of the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI has recorded one of the fastest processes in biology. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanoparticles Therapy to Brain Tumors

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 63 Pages.

Johns Hopkins researchers report that a type of biodegradable, lab-engineered nanoparticle they fashioned can successfully deliver a "suicide gene" to pediatric brain tumor cells implanted in the brains of mice. [35] A new study at the University of Georgia has found a way to attack cancer cells that is potentially less harmful to the patient. [34] Doctors have used focused ultrasound to destroy tumors without invasive surgery for some time. However, the therapeutic ultrasound used in clinics today indiscriminately damages cancer and healthy cells alike. [33]
Category: Physics of Biology

Ultrasound Damages Cancer Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 59 Pages.

Doctors have used focused ultrasound to destroy tumors without invasive surgery for some time. However, the therapeutic ultrasound used in clinics today indiscriminately damages cancer and healthy cells alike. [33] Scientists in the UK have shown for the first time that focused ultrasound from outside the body can improve the delivery of cancer drugs to tumors in humans. [32] The discovery could help us better understand aging and eventually could lead to new treatments for cancer. [31]
Category: Physics of Biology

Energy, Market, Ecology and the Challenge of Civilization-4

Authors: V. A. Kasimov.
Comments: 13 Pages. in Russian, in English

Principles of information processing for predicting thermodynamic parameters of the environment in the problems presented in[1], [2], [3].
Category: Physics of Biology

Metal-Organic Frameworks

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 58 Pages.

Due to the advantages such as large specific surface area, adjustable pore size and tunable functionality, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown great application potential in the fields of gas adsorption and separation, catalysis, sensing and biomedicine. [39] A recent paper of J. S. Xiang et al. published in Sci. China-Phys. Mech. Astron. has demonstrated a much larger transverse figure of merit in a topological semimetal in low magnetic fields, relative to its longitudinal counterpart. [38]
Category: Physics of Biology

Dopamine Biological Clock

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 59 Pages.

In a study published Thursday in the journal Current Biology, Güler and his colleagues demonstrate that the pleasure center of the brain that produces the chemical dopamine, and the brain's separate biological clock that regulates daily physiological rhythms, are linked, and that high-calorie foods-which bring pleasure-disrupt normal feeding schedules, resulting in overconsumption. [40] Due to the advantages such as large specific surface area, adjustable pore size and tunable functionality, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown great application potential in the fields of gas adsorption and separation, catalysis, sensing and biomedicine. [39] A recent paper of J. S. Xiang et al. published in Sci. China-Phys. Mech. Astron. has demonstrated a much larger transverse figure of merit in a topological semimetal in low magnetic fields, relative to its longitudinal counterpart. [38] A new analysis of people's brain waves when surrounded by different magnetic fields suggests that people have a "sixth sense" for magnetism. [33] Measuring optical blood flow in the resting human brain to detect spontaneous activity has for the first time been demonstrated by Wright State University imaging researchers, holding out promise for a better way to study people with autism, Alzheimer's and depression. [32]
Category: Physics of Biology

Insight into Serotonin Receptors

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 56 Pages.

Scientists at the University of Maryland (UMD) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have discovered a way to detect the molecular mechanism by which 5HT3A, a serotonin receptor located at the neuron synapse, is activated. [37] A first-of-its-kind study on molecular interactions by biomedical engineers in the University of Minnesota's College of Science and Engineering will make it easier and more efficient for scientists to develop new medicines and other therapies for diseases such as cancer, HIV and autoimmune diseases. [36]
Category: Physics of Biology

Infrared Spectroscopy of Biological Systems

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

Scientists at the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics have developed a unique laser technology for the analysis of the molecular composition of biological samples. [35] A group of scientists from the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS) and the TSU Biological Institute has established a path through which nanoparticles of viruses and organic and inorganic substances from the environment enter the brain. [34] A new analysis of people’s brain waves when surrounded by different magnetic fields suggests that people have a “sixth sense” for magnetism. [33]
Category: Physics of Biology

Molecular Interactions of Medicines

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 55 Pages.

A first-of-its-kind study on molecular interactions by biomedical engineers in the University of Minnesota's College of Science and Engineering will make it easier and more efficient for scientists to develop new medicines and other therapies for diseases such as cancer, HIV and autoimmune diseases. [36] Scientists at the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics have developed a unique laser technology for the analysis of the molecular composition of biological samples. [35] A group of scientists from the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS) and the TSU Biological Institute has established a path through which nanoparticles of viruses and organic and inorganic substances from the environment enter the brain. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

Snake-Like Proteins Wrangle DNA

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 36 Pages.

Members of Rice's Center for Theoretical Biological Physics (CTBP) are taking a deep dive into the dynamics of essential proteins that help DNA fold into its compact, functional form in chromosomes. [22] Histones are proteins that regulate the unwinding of DNA in the cell nucleus and the expression of genes based on chemical modifications or "marks" that are placed on their tails. [21] Now, in a new paper published in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Mayo researchers have determined how one DNA repair protein gets to the site of DNA damage. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanoparticles Enter the Brain

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

A group of scientists from the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS) and the TSU Biological Institute has established a path through which nanoparticles of viruses and organic and inorganic substances from the environment enter the brain. [34] A new analysis of people’s brain waves when surrounded by different magnetic fields suggests that people have a “sixth sense” for magnetism. [33] Measuring optical blood flow in the resting human brain to detect spontaneous activity has for the first time been demonstrated by Wright State University imaging researchers, holding out promise for a better way to study people with autism, Alzheimer's and depression. [32]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanofiber Biomaterials Proteins

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 34 Pages.

In a new study, now on Scientific Reports, Theresa Bentele and a team of researchers in the departments of Medicine, Molecular Evolution and Genomics and the Institute of Physical Chemistry in Germany, Australia and Japan, expressed recombinant Cnidoin and CPP-1 proteins in Escherichia coli. [20] Scientists from ITMO in collaboration with international colleagues have proposed new DNA-based nanomachines that can be used for gene therapy for cancer. [19] CRISPR is a technique that is revolutionizing biomedical research through high-precision genome editing. [18] The DNA molecules are chiral, which means they can exist in two forms which are mirror images, like a left and right hand. The phenomenon was dubbed "chiral induced spin selectivity" (CISS), and over the last few years, several experiments were published allegedly showing this CISS effect, even in electronic devices. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase-a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13] Researchers have fused living and non-living cells for the first time in a way that allows them to work together, paving the way for new applications. [12] UZH researchers have discovered a previously unknown way in which proteins interact with one another and cells organize themselves. [11] Dr Martin Sweatman from the University of Edinburgh's School of Engineering has discovered a simple physical principle that might explain how life started on Earth. [10]
Category: Physics of Biology

Brain Sense Earth's Magnetic Field

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

A new analysis of people’s brain waves when surrounded by different magnetic fields suggests that people have a “sixth sense” for magnetism. [33] Measuring optical blood flow in the resting human brain to detect spontaneous activity has for the first time been demonstrated by Wright State University imaging researchers, holding out promise for a better way to study people with autism, Alzheimer's and depression. [32] UCLA biologists report they have transferred a memory from one marine snail to another, creating an artificial memory, by injecting RNA from one to another. [31] Scientists at the Wellcome Trust/ Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, have identified a new type of stem cell in the brain which they say has a high potential for repair following brain injury or disease. [30]
Category: Physics of Biology

DNA Replication Selection

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 37 Pages.

In research published in Nature on Dec. 25th, 2019, Dr. LI Guohong and Dr. ZHU Mingzhao from the Institute of Biophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have demonstrated that the histone variant H2A.Z facilitates the licensing and activation of early DNA replication origins. [22] Scientists at the University of Sheffield studying ancient DNA have created a tool allowing them to more accurately identify ancient Eurasian populations, which can be used to test an individual's similarity to ancient people who once roamed the earth. [12] In new research, Hao Yan of Arizona State University and his colleagues describe an innovative DNA walker, capable of rapidly traversing a prepared track. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase-a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13]
Category: Physics of Biology

Malaria Parasites in Human Blood Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 41 Pages.

Now, researchers have detailed a comprehensive interaction network map of how malaria traffics between human host cells. [31] Focused ultrasound from outside the body can safely and reversibly open the blood-brain barrier in patients with Alzheimer's disease, researchers in Canada have shown for the first time. [30] Small vessel vasculitis-inflammation of the small blood vessels-appears as a stain of tiny, red dots covering the skin that, depending on the severity, can evolve into painful pustules or ulcers. [29] Scientists from the University of Freiburg have developed materials systems that are composed of biological components and polymer materials and are capable of perceiving and processing information. [28] Nanotechnology may provide an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, a team of researchers suggests. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21]
Category: Physics of Biology

Programmed Cell Death

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

Kashkar lab has now showed that the pathogen that causes shigellosis (Shigella), a typical cause of acute inflammatory diarrhoea, blocks apoptosis by efficiently blocking certain enzymes, so-called caspases, which act as engines that initiate apoptosis. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18]
Category: Physics of Biology

Revelatory Relationship

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

A new study of the ecology of an enigmatic group of novel unicellular organisms by scientists from Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU) in Munich supports the idea hydrogen played an important role in the evolution of Eukaryota, the first nucleated cells. [27] Kashkar lab has now showed that the pathogen that causes shigellosis (Shigella), a typical cause of acute inflammatory diarrhoea, blocks apoptosis by efficiently blocking certain enzymes, so-called caspases, which act as engines that initiate apoptosis. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

Germany's Alcatraz Virus

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 41 Pages.

Since the tests are for vaccines that can save millions of animals, protect farmers' livelihoods and alleviate hunger, Beer said they were "justified". [25] Sperm are influenced by diet, and the effects arise rapidly. This is the conclusion of a study by researchers at Linköping University, in which healthy young men were fed a diet rich in sugar. [24] Researchers analyzed semen from 49 men whose partners had lost three or more consecutive pregnancies before the 20-week mark. [23] Single-molecule fluorescent measurements provide fresh insights into a process for keeping errors out of our genomes. [22] Histones are proteins that regulate the unwinding of DNA in the cell nucleus and the expression of genes based on chemical modifications or "marks" that are placed on their tails. [21] Now, in a new paper published in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Mayo researchers have determined how one DNA repair protein gets to the site of DNA damage. [20] A microscopic thread of DNA evidence in a public genealogy database led California authorities to declare this spring they had caught the Golden State Killer, the rapist and murderer who had eluded authorities for decades. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15]
Category: Physics of Biology

Dividing Cells Control their DNA

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 41 Pages.

A study published today in the journal eLife has shown that a protein called Astrin is important for the timely and even separation of chromosomes during cell division. [24] Disruption of certain DNA structures-called topologically associating domains, or TADs-is linked with the development of disease, including some cancers. [23] A virus that infects koalas is steadily integrating itself into their DNA, ensuring that it is passed down from generation to generation. But the koala genome is defending itself, revealing that DNA has its own immune system to shut down invaders. [22] Scientists reveal how a 'molecular machine' in bacterial cells prevents fatal DNA twisting, which could be crucial in the development of new antibiotic treatments. [21] In new research, Hao Yan of Arizona State University and his colleagues describe an innovative DNA walker, capable of rapidly traversing a prepared track. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase-a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14]
Category: Physics of Biology

Electromyographic Analysis Palm Muscle

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

Surface electromyography (sEMG) is widely used to investigate human motion including athletic performance. Baseball pitchers require very precise movements to pitch the ball to the strike zone, where the palm muscle plays a key role during movement. [24] Disruption of certain DNA structures-called topologically associating domains, or TADs-is linked with the development of disease, including some cancers. [23] A virus that infects koalas is steadily integrating itself into their DNA, ensuring that it is passed down from generation to generation. But the koala genome is defending itself, revealing that DNA has its own immune system to shut down invaders. [22] Scientists reveal how a 'molecular machine' in bacterial cells prevents fatal DNA twisting, which could be crucial in the development of new antibiotic treatments. [21] In new research, Hao Yan of Arizona State University and his colleagues describe an innovative DNA walker, capable of rapidly traversing a prepared track. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase-a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14]
Category: Physics of Biology

Neurons in Action in the Brain

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 54 Pages.

In a recent report, Mengke Yang and colleagues at the Brain Research Instrument Innovation Center, Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Systems Neuroscience and Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology in China, Germany and the U.K. developed a new technique named the multiarea two-photon real-time in vitro explorer (MATRIEX). [33] Measuring optical blood flow in the resting human brain to detect spontaneous activity has for the first time been demonstrated by Wright State University imaging researchers, holding out promise for a better way to study people with autism, Alzheimer's and depression. [32] UCLA biologists report they have transferred a memory from one marine snail to another, creating an artificial memory, by injecting RNA from one to another. [31] Scientists at the Wellcome Trust/ Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, have identified a new type of stem cell in the brain which they say has a high potential for repair following brain injury or disease. [30]
Category: Physics of Biology

Energy, Market, Ecology and the Challenge of Civilization-3

Authors: V. A. Kasimov.
Comments: 8 Pages. English, Russian

The General statement of the problem is presented [1]. The thermodynamic solution general algorithm given in [2] is given here. 1. V. A. Kasimov. Energy, market, ecology and the challenge of civilization 2. V. A. Kasimov. Energy, market, ecology and the challenge of civilization-2
Category: Physics of Biology

Body Cells Spy Out Bacteria

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology in Berlin have discovered that the body has a receptor, which doesn't recognize bacteria themselves, but spies out their communication. [35] The research team used a microfluidic device, known as the mother machine, to localize thousands of individual bacteria in microscopic channels. [34] A new way of detecting chemicals secreted by stem cells as they differentiate into bone cells could make it possible to electrically monitor the differentiation process in real time. [33] University of Groningen scientists, led by Associate Professor of Chemical Biology Giovanni Maglia, have designed a nanopore system that is capable of measuring different metabolites simultaneously in a variety of biological fluids, all in a matter of seconds. [32]
Category: Physics of Biology

Airbag Protects Cells Against Stress

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 74 Pages.

Scientists at the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) have identified the molecular mechanisms that allow cells to survive mechanical stress. [49] Researchers have found that changing the mechanical properties of individual cells disrupts their ability to remain stable, profoundly affecting their health and the health of the tissue that comprises them. [48] Biochemists at the University of Bayreuth and the University of Bonn have now discovered a way to regulate this process which is central to gene expression: Certain actinobacteria contain a protein that binds RNA molecules under blue light and can thereby deactivate them. [47]
Category: Physics of Biology

Screening Retrieves Single Bacteria

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 46 Pages.

The research team used a microfluidic device, known as the mother machine, to localize thousands of individual bacteria in microscopic channels. [34] A new way of detecting chemicals secreted by stem cells as they differentiate into bone cells could make it possible to electrically monitor the differentiation process in real time. [33] University of Groningen scientists, led by Associate Professor of Chemical Biology Giovanni Maglia, have designed a nanopore system that is capable of measuring different metabolites simultaneously in a variety of biological fluids, all in a matter of seconds. [32] In clinical diagnostics, it is critical to monitor biomolecules in a simple, rapid and sensitive way. [31]
Category: Physics of Biology

Laser Ultrasound Images of Humans

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 63 Pages.

Now, MIT engineers have come up with an alternative to conventional ultrasound that doesn't require contact with the body to see inside a patient. [44] A team of researchers is using ultrasonic nondestructive testing (NDT) that involves amplifying the signal from a photoacoustic laser source using laser-absorbing patch made from an array of nanoparticles from candle soot and polydimethylsiloxane. [43] An explosion is a complex event involving quickly changing temperatures, pressures and chemical concentrations. [42]
Category: Physics of Biology

Quantum Dots Biomedical Imaging

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

The combined biocompatible FeSe QDs and multiphoton imaging can open a new method to realize noninvasive in situ bioimaging within live subjects. [30] Full-color photodetectors that can convert light to electric signals without sophisticated color filters and interferometric optics have gained considerable attention for widespread applications. [29] Nanoparticles derived from tea leaves inhibit the growth of lung cancer cells, destroying up to 80% of them, new research by a joint Swansea University and Indian team has shown. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27]
Category: Physics of Biology

Organic Transistor Bone Cell

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

A new way of detecting chemicals secreted by stem cells as they differentiate into bone cells could make it possible to electrically monitor the differentiation process in real time. [33] University of Groningen scientists, led by Associate Professor of Chemical Biology Giovanni Maglia, have designed a nanopore system that is capable of measuring different metabolites simultaneously in a variety of biological fluids, all in a matter of seconds. [32] In clinical diagnostics, it is critical to monitor biomolecules in a simple, rapid and sensitive way. [31] Researchers at the Ruhr-Universität Bochum have discovered why bioelectrodes containing the photosynthesis protein complex photosystem I are not stable in the long term. [30]
Category: Physics of Biology

Gene Expression Data Misinterpretation

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

New research by a Tel Aviv University group identifies a frequent technical bias in data generated by RNA-seq technology, which often leads to false results. [25] An LMU team has improved both the sensitivity and efficiency of a popular method for single-cell RNA sequencing, which yields a molecular fingerprint for individual cells based on their patterns of gene activity. [24] The goal is to find bits of DNA in common between the known relatives and the unidentified remains, suggesting both belong to a particular lineage. One analysis develops a profile that combines what's found at 23 spots in the DNA, for example. [23] A new method allows researchers to systematically identify specialized proteins that unpack DNA inside the nucleus of a cell, making the usually dense DNA more accessible for gene expression and other functions. [22]
Category: Physics of Biology

DNA Structure Influence Disease

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

Disruption of certain DNA structures-called topologically associating domains, or TADs-is linked with the development of disease, including some cancers. [23] A virus that infects koalas is steadily integrating itself into their DNA, ensuring that it is passed down from generation to generation. But the koala genome is defending itself, revealing that DNA has its own immune system to shut down invaders. [22] Scientists reveal how a 'molecular machine' in bacterial cells prevents fatal DNA twisting, which could be crucial in the development of new antibiotic treatments. [21] In new research, Hao Yan of Arizona State University and his colleagues describe an innovative DNA walker, capable of rapidly traversing a prepared track. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase-a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13]
Category: Physics of Biology

Quantum Waves Surfing

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 37 Pages.

Two physicists from the University of Luxembourg have now unambiguously shown that quantum-mechanical wavelike interactions are indeed crucial even at the scale of natural biological processes. [23] Monika Aidelsburger uses a special type of optical lattice to simulate quantum many-body phenomena that are otherwise inaccessible to experimental exploration. [22] University of Illinois Professor Harry Hilton brought together several mathematical and physical theories to help look at problems in more unified ways and solve physical engineering problems. [21] A team of physicists from RUDN, JINR (Dubna), and the University of Hamburg (Germany) developed a mathematical model for describing physical processes in hybrid systems that consists of atoms and ions cooled down to temperatures close to absolute zero. [20] Recently, extensive study shows that the parity-time symmetry breaking in open systems leads to exceptional points, promising for novel applications leasers and sensing. [19]
Category: Physics of Biology

Light Heat Fight Disease

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

An emerging technology involving tiny particles that absorb light and turn it into localized heat sources shows great promise in several fields, including medicine. [24] Two physicists from the University of Luxembourg have now unambiguously shown that quantum-mechanical wavelike interactions are indeed crucial even at the scale of natural biological processes. [23] Monika Aidelsburger uses a special type of optical lattice to simulate quantum many-body phenomena that are otherwise inaccessible to experimental exploration. [22] University of Illinois Professor Harry Hilton brought together several mathematical and physical theories to help look at problems in more unified ways and solve physical engineering problems. [21] A team of physicists from RUDN, JINR (Dubna), and the University of Hamburg (Germany) developed a mathematical model for describing physical processes in hybrid systems that consists of atoms and ions cooled down to temperatures close to absolute zero. [20] Recently, extensive study shows that the parity-time symmetry breaking in open systems leads to exceptional points, promising for novel applications leasers and sensing. [19] A recent discovery by William & Mary and University of Michigan researchers transforms our understanding of one of the most important laws of modern physics. [18] Now, a team of physicists from The University of Queensland and the NÉEL Institute has shown that, as far as quantum physics is concerned, the chicken and the egg can both come first. [17] In 1993, physicist Lucien Hardy proposed an experiment showing that there is a small probability (around 6-9%) of observing a particle and its antiparticle interacting with each other without annihilating-something that is impossible in classical physics. [16]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanovaccine Cancer Immunotherapy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

Researchers at the University of Helsinki have discovered a novel system to generate an artificially enveloped oncolytic adenovirus to direct the immune response against cancer. [34] Using the latest advances in imaging and computing, Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers have developed a framework that's able to reveal the structural and functional changes in the blood vessel network required for growth of a tumour. [33] Medical physicist Dr. Aswin Hoffmann and his team from the Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) have combined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a proton beam, thus demonstrating for the first time that in principle, this commonly used imaging method can work with particle beam cancer treatments. [32] Washington State University researchers for the first time have shown that they can use electrical fields to gain valuable information about the tiny, floating vesicles that move around in animals and plants and are critically important to many biological functions. [31] Finding a fast and inexpensive way to detect specific strains of bacteria and viruses is critical to food safety, water quality, environmental protection and human health. [30] In the perspective, Gabor and Song collect early examples in electron metamaterials and distil emerging design strategies for electronic control from them. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25]
Category: Physics of Biology

Oesteoconductivity of Biomaterials

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

In a new study published on Scientific Reports, Mohammad-Hossein Beigi and a research team in the departments of Engineering and Applied Science and Cellular Biotechnology in Canada and Iran described a new method to form biocompatible biomaterials for bone tissue engineering. [29] Gold nanoparticles possess unique optical properties that are used in nanomedicine for anti-cancer therapy and imaging. [28] Gene editing is one of the hottest topics in cancer research. A Chinese research team has now developed a gold-nanoparticle-based multifunctional vehicle to transport the "gene scissors" to the tumor cell genome. [27]
Category: Physics of Biology

Gold Nanoparticles in Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

Gold nanoparticles possess unique optical properties that are used in nanomedicine for anti-cancer therapy and imaging. [28] Gene editing is one of the hottest topics in cancer research. A Chinese research team has now developed a gold-nanoparticle-based multifunctional vehicle to transport the "gene scissors" to the tumor cell genome. [27] Cells can be programmed like a computer to fight cancer, influenza, and other serious conditions – thanks to a breakthrough in synthetic biology by the University of Warwick. [26]
Category: Physics of Biology

CRISP Targets Antibiotic-Resistant Genes

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 36 Pages.

Taking advantage of powerful advances in CRISPR gene editing, scientists at the University of California San Diego have set their sights on one of society's most formidable threats to human health. [23] A research collaboration between Tufts University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences has led to the development of a significantly improved delivery mechanism for the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing method in the liver, according to a study published recently in the journal Advanced Materials. [22] Scientists at the University of Kent have developed a new method of determining gene function in a breakthrough that could have major implications for our understanding of the processes of life. [21]
Category: Physics of Biology

Ongoing Developments in Proton Therapy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

Hywel Owen from the University of Manchester gave meeting attendees an introduction to the UK's two NHS-funded proton therapy centres, at The Christie in Manchester and UCLH in London. [30] Researchers have moved closer to the real-time verification of hadron therapy, demonstrating the in vivo accuracy of simulations that predict particle range in the patient. [29] A biomimetic nanosystem can deliver therapeutic proteins to selectively target cancerous tumors, according to a team of Penn State researchers. [28] Sunlight is essential for all life, and living organisms have evolved to sense and respond to light. [27] Using X-ray laser technology, a team led by researchers of the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI has recorded one of the fastest processes in biology. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22]
Category: Physics of Biology

Synthetic Nanopores made from DNA

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 27 Pages.

In 2015, the first commercial nanopore DNA sequencing device was introduced by Oxford Nanopore Technologies. [15] In the journal PNAS this week, researchers at Boston Children's Hospital and MIT show that these mini-antibodies, shrunk further to create so-called nanobodies, may help solve a problem in the cancer field: making CAR T-cell therapies work in solid tumors. [14] What if the brain could detect its own disease? Researchers have been trying to create a material that "thinks" like the brain does, which would be more sensitive to early signs of neurological diseases such as Parkinson's. [13] University Professor of Applied Physics Stephen Arnold and his team at the New York University Tandon School of Engineering have made a discovery that could lead to Star Trek-like biosensor devices capable of flagging the barest presence in blood of a specific virus or antibody, or protein marker for a specific cancer; or sniffing out airborne chemical warfare agents while they are still far below toxic levels. [12] Lead researcher Dr Jonathan Breeze, from Imperial's Department of Materials, said: "This breakthrough paves the way for the widespread adoption of masers and opens the door for a wide array of applications that we are keen to explore. We hope the maser will now enjoy as much success as the laser." [11] Japanese researchers have optimized the design of laboratory-grown, synthetic diamonds. [10] Nearly 75 years ago, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Erwin Schrödinger wondered if the mysterious world of quantum mechanics played a role in biology. A recent finding by Northwestern University's Prem Kumar adds further evidence that the answer might be yes. [9] A UNSW Australia-led team of researchers has discovered how algae that survive in very low levels of light are able to switch on and off a weird quantum phenomenon that occurs during photosynthesis. [8] This paper contains the review of quantum entanglement investigations in living systems, and in the quantum mechanically modeled photoactive prebiotic kernel systems. [7] The human body is a constant flux of thousands of chemical/biological interactions and processes connecting molecules, cells, organs, and fluids, throughout the brain, body, and nervous system. Up until recently it was thought that all these interactions operated in a linear sequence, passing on information much like a runner passing the baton to the next runner. However, the latest findings in quantum biology and biophysics have discovered that there is in fact a tremendous degree of coherence within all living systems. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to understand the Quantum Biology.
Category: Physics of Biology

Why Does Menstruation Cycle Synchronize with Moon Cycle?

Authors: Wan-Chung Hu
Comments: 2 Pages.

Primates and bats are mammals with menstruation cycle. The menstruation cycle is around 28-35 days in most primates. The cycle is synchronizing with moon period. Why does menstruation cycle synchronize moon cycle? Here, I propose that the phenomenon is because primates and bats need to increase the change of fertilization. Primates as well as bats can stand with two legs or hang with two legs. In majority of time, they maintain the straight position of their bodies. In this position, sperms will need swim against gravity toward Fallopian tube after intercourse. They will need to take 1-12 hours to meet the oocytes. Straight body position will increase the difficulty to let sperms to meet oocytes. Thus, gravity force can affect the chance of fertilization. Moon is the major source of tidal force. The moon cycle will affect the magnitude of gravity force. Thus, primates and bats evolve menstruation cycles to let the ovulation occur during the less-gravity period. So, menstruation cycle is synchronizing the moon cycle. That is the reason why primates and bats, not other mammals, have menstruation cycles.
Category: Physics of Biology

Superbugs Destroyed by Molecular Drills

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 26 Pages.

Molecular drills have gained the ability to target and destroy deadly bacteria that have evolved resistance to nearly all antibiotics. In some cases, the drills make the antibiotics effective once again. [19] Now, a team of researchers led by Dongsheng Li, a materials scientist at PNNL, and collaborators at the University of Michigan and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, have unlocked the secret to one of the most useful nanostructures: the five-fold twin. [18] The researchers have generated femtosecond laser pulses, with tailor-made, temporally varying polarizations, which are themselves chiral. [17] The scientists identified a shortlist, a kind of "periodic table" of the most designable knot types, i.e. those knots that could easily self-assemble under appropriate physical and chemical conditions. [16]
Category: Physics of Biology

Self-Cleaning Surface Repels Superbugs

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 27 Pages.

A team of researchers at McMaster University has developed a self-cleaning surface that can repel all forms of bacteria, preventing the transfer of antibiotic-resistant superbugs and other dangerous bacteria in settings ranging from hospitals to kitchens. [20] Molecular drills have gained the ability to target and destroy deadly bacteria that have evolved resistance to nearly all antibiotics. In some cases, the drills make the antibiotics effective once again. [19] Now, a team of researchers led by Dongsheng Li, a materials scientist at PNNL, and collaborators at the University of Michigan and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, have unlocked the secret to one of the most useful nanostructures: the five-fold twin. [18] The researchers have generated femtosecond laser pulses, with tailor-made, temporally varying polarizations, which are themselves chiral. [17] The scientists identified a shortlist, a kind of "periodic table" of the most designable knot types, i.e. those knots that could easily self-assemble under appropriate physical and chemical conditions. [16] Scientists have now observed for the first time how diamonds grow from seed at an atomic level, and discovered just how big the seeds need to be to kick the crystal growing process into overdrive. [15] The researchers engineered diamond strings that can be tuned to quiet a qubit's environment and improve memory from tens to several hundred nanoseconds, enough time to do many operations on a quantum chip. [14] Intel has announced the design and fabrication of a 49-qubit superconducting quantum-processor chip at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas. To improve our understanding of the so-called quantum properties of materials, scientists at the TU Delft investigated thin slices of SrIrO3, a material that belongs to the family of complex oxides. [12] New research carried out by CQT researchers suggest that standard protocols that measure the dimensions of quantum systems may return incorrect numbers. [11] Is entanglement really necessary for describing the physical world, or is it possible to have some post-quantum theory without entanglement? [10] A trio of scientists who defied Einstein by proving the nonlocal nature of quantum entanglement will be honoured with the John Stewart Bell Prize from the University of Toronto (U of T). [9] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer using Quantum Information. In August 2013, the achievement of "fully deterministic" quantum teleportation, using a hybrid technique, was reported. On 29 May 2014, scientists announced a reliable way of transferring data by quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation of data had been done before but with highly unreliable methods. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer with the help of Quantum Information.
Category: Physics of Biology

Tumor Molecular Structure

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

“Identifying tissues not only by their structure and morphology, as is done today, but also by their unique molecular signatures can assist in diagnosis and decision-making,” says lead author Alexander Golberg, professor of environment and earth sciences at Tel Aviv University. [32] A particularly aggressive, metastasizing form of cancer, HER2-positive breast cancer, may be treated with nanoscopic particles "imprinted" with specific binding sites for the receptor molecule HER2. [31]
Category: Physics of Biology

Improve Cancer Immunotherapy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

Children's Research Hospital scientists have identified a new therapeutic strategy that enhanced cancer immunotherapy, slowed tumor growth and extended the lives of mice with cancer. [34] Using the latest advances in imaging and computing, Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers have developed a framework that's able to reveal the structural and functional changes in the blood vessel network required for growth of a tumour. [33] Medical physicist Dr. Aswin Hoffmann and his team from the Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) have combined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a proton beam, thus demonstrating for the first time that in principle, this commonly used imaging method can work with particle beam cancer treatments. [32] Washington State University researchers for the first time have shown that they can use electrical fields to gain valuable information about the tiny, floating vesicles that move around in animals and plants and are critically important to many biological functions. [31] Finding a fast and inexpensive way to detect specific strains of bacteria and viruses is critical to food safety, water quality, environmental protection and human health. [30] In the perspective, Gabor and Song collect early examples in electron metamaterials and distil emerging design strategies for electronic control from them. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25]
Category: Physics of Biology

Protein Structure Biomedical Puzzles

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

Researchers in Dana-Farber's cBio Center have now demonstrated a powerful 'experimental evolution' method to discover details of protein shape and function, and the method may find uses across a very broad spectrum of biomedical research. [37] The discovery, published in Nature Communications, could help uncover treatments for age-related conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease, which are often caused by accumulation of misfolded proteins. [36] Korean researchers have used light to control the binding of two separate and inactive antibody fragments and generate a specific, timely immune response to antigens. [35] A new Empa study recently published in Nature Communications shows how this amazing behavior can be improved-and even used to treat injuries and tissue damage. [34] Scientists at Johns Hopkins Medicine report they have created a tiny, nanosize container that can slip inside cells and deliver protein-based medicines and gene therapies of any size-even hefty ones attached to the gene-editing tool called CRISPR. [33] Protocells-artificial cells-that are active and mimic living cells by moving independently and that are biocompatible and enzymatically active are now possible using an improved method developed by Penn State researchers. [32] Pioneering new research into the way in which cells communicate with each other could hold the key to unlocking new, improved treatment for life-threatening diseases, including cancer. [31] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago have demonstrated that magnetic nanoparticles can be used to ferry chemotherapy drugs into the spinal cord to treat hard-to-reach spinal tumors in an animal model. [30] Small vessel vasculitis-inflammation of the small blood vessels-appears as a stain of tiny, red dots covering the skin that, depending on the severity, can evolve into painful pustules or ulcers. [29] Scientists from the University of Freiburg have developed materials systems that are composed of biological components and polymer materials and are capable of perceiving and processing information. [28] Nanotechnology may provide an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, a team of researchers suggests. [27]
Category: Physics of Biology

Protect Enzymes by Organic Packaging

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

Further research into other enzymes and the possibility to adapt the encapsulins depending on the application is needed. [38] Researchers in Dana-Farber's cBio Center have now demonstrated a powerful 'experimental evolution' method to discover details of protein shape and function, and the method may find uses across a very broad spectrum of biomedical research. [37] The discovery, published in Nature Communications, could help uncover treatments for age-related conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease, which are often caused by accumulation of misfolded proteins. [36] Korean researchers have used light to control the binding of two separate and inactive antibody fragments and generate a specific, timely immune response to antigens. [35] A new Empa study recently published in Nature Communications shows how this amazing behavior can be improved-and even used to treat injuries and tissue damage. [34] Scientists at Johns Hopkins Medicine report they have created a tiny, nanosize container that can slip inside cells and deliver protein-based medicines and gene therapies of any size-even hefty ones attached to the gene-editing tool called CRISPR. [33] Protocells-artificial cells-that are active and mimic living cells by moving independently and that are biocompatible and enzymatically active are now possible using an improved method developed by Penn State researchers. [32] Pioneering new research into the way in which cells communicate with each other could hold the key to unlocking new, improved treatment for life-threatening diseases, including cancer. [31] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago have demonstrated that magnetic nanoparticles can be used to ferry chemotherapy drugs into the spinal cord to treat hard-to-reach spinal tumors in an animal model. [30] Small vessel vasculitis-inflammation of the small blood vessels-appears as a stain of tiny, red dots covering the skin that, depending on the severity, can evolve into painful pustules or ulcers. [29] Scientists from the University of Freiburg have developed materials systems that are composed of biological components and polymer materials and are capable of perceiving and processing information. [28]
Category: Physics of Biology

Secret to a Long Life

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

The discovery, published in Nature Communications, could help uncover treatments for age-related conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease, which are often caused by accumulation of misfolded proteins. [36] Korean researchers have used light to control the binding of two separate and inactive antibody fragments and generate a specific, timely immune response to antigens. [35] A new Empa study recently published in Nature Communications shows how this amazing behavior can be improved-and even used to treat injuries and tissue damage. [34] Scientists at Johns Hopkins Medicine report they have created a tiny, nanosize container that can slip inside cells and deliver protein-based medicines and gene therapies of any size-even hefty ones attached to the gene-editing tool called CRISPR. [33] Protocells-artificial cells-that are active and mimic living cells by moving independently and that are biocompatible and enzymatically active are now possible using an improved method developed by Penn State researchers. [32] Pioneering new research into the way in which cells communicate with each other could hold the key to unlocking new, improved treatment for life-threatening diseases, including cancer. [31] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago have demonstrated that magnetic nanoparticles can be used to ferry chemotherapy drugs into the spinal cord to treat hard-to-reach spinal tumors in an animal model. [30] Small vessel vasculitis-inflammation of the small blood vessels-appears as a stain of tiny, red dots covering the skin that, depending on the severity, can evolve into painful pustules or ulcers. [29] Scientists from the University of Freiburg have developed materials systems that are composed of biological components and polymer materials and are capable of perceiving and processing information. [28] Nanotechnology may provide an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, a team of researchers suggests. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26]
Category: Physics of Biology

Blue Light Activates Antibodies

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

Korean researchers have used light to control the binding of two separate and inactive antibody fragments and generate a specific, timely immune response to antigens. [35] A new Empa study recently published in Nature Communications shows how this amazing behavior can be improved-and even used to treat injuries and tissue damage. [34] Scientists at Johns Hopkins Medicine report they have created a tiny, nanosize container that can slip inside cells and deliver protein-based medicines and gene therapies of any size-even hefty ones attached to the gene-editing tool called CRISPR. [33] Protocells-artificial cells-that are active and mimic living cells by moving independently and that are biocompatible and enzymatically active are now possible using an improved method developed by Penn State researchers. [32] Pioneering new research into the way in which cells communicate with each other could hold the key to unlocking new, improved treatment for life-threatening diseases, including cancer. [31] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago have demonstrated that magnetic nanoparticles can be used to ferry chemotherapy drugs into the spinal cord to treat hard-to-reach spinal tumors in an animal model. [30] Small vessel vasculitis-inflammation of the small blood vessels-appears as a stain of tiny, red dots covering the skin that, depending on the severity, can evolve into painful pustules or ulcers. [29] Scientists from the University of Freiburg have developed materials systems that are composed of biological components and polymer materials and are capable of perceiving and processing information. [28] Nanotechnology may provide an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, a team of researchers suggests. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25]
Category: Physics of Biology

New Antiviral Treatments

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages. 49

A team of molecular and structural biologists from Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore), has found a potential new route to disabling respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) after elucidating the structure of one of its key components. [36] Korean researchers have used light to control the binding of two separate and inactive antibody fragments and generate a specific, timely immune response to antigens. [35] A new Empa study recently published in Nature Communications shows how this amazing behavior can be improved-and even used to treat injuries and tissue damage. [34] Scientists at Johns Hopkins Medicine report they have created a tiny, nanosize container that can slip inside cells and deliver protein-based medicines and gene therapies of any size-even hefty ones attached to the gene-editing tool called CRISPR. [33] Protocells-artificial cells-that are active and mimic living cells by moving independently and that are biocompatible and enzymatically active are now possible using an improved method developed by Penn State researchers. [32] Pioneering new research into the way in which cells communicate with each other could hold the key to unlocking new, improved treatment for life-threatening diseases, including cancer. [31] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago have demonstrated that magnetic nanoparticles can be used to ferry chemotherapy drugs into the spinal cord to treat hard-to-reach spinal tumors in an animal model. [30] Small vessel vasculitis-inflammation of the small blood vessels-appears as a stain of tiny, red dots covering the skin that, depending on the severity, can evolve into painful pustules or ulcers. [29] Scientists from the University of Freiburg have developed materials systems that are composed of biological components and polymer materials and are capable of perceiving and processing information. [28] Nanotechnology may provide an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, a team of researchers suggests. [27]
Category: Physics of Biology

Paradoxical Replacement Tissue

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

A new Empa study recently published in Nature Communications shows how this amazing behavior can be improved-and even used to treat injuries and tissue damage. [34] Scientists at Johns Hopkins Medicine report they have created a tiny, nanosize container that can slip inside cells and deliver protein-based medicines and gene therapies of any size-even hefty ones attached to the gene-editing tool called CRISPR. [33] Protocells-artificial cells-that are active and mimic living cells by moving independently and that are biocompatible and enzymatically active are now possible using an improved method developed by Penn State researchers. [32] Pioneering new research into the way in which cells communicate with each other could hold the key to unlocking new, improved treatment for life-threatening diseases, including cancer. [31] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago have demonstrated that magnetic nanoparticles can be used to ferry chemotherapy drugs into the spinal cord to treat hard-to-reach spinal tumors in an animal model. [30] Small vessel vasculitis-inflammation of the small blood vessels-appears as a stain of tiny, red dots covering the skin that, depending on the severity, can evolve into painful pustules or ulcers. [29] Scientists from the University of Freiburg have developed materials systems that are composed of biological components and polymer materials and are capable of perceiving and processing information. [28] Nanotechnology may provide an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, a team of researchers suggests. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24]
Category: Physics of Biology

Artificial Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 41 Pages.

Artificial Cells Protocells-artificial cells-that are active and mimic living cells by moving independently and that are biocompatible and enzymatically active are now possible using an improved method developed by Penn State researchers. [32] Pioneering new research into the way in which cells communicate with each other could hold the key to unlocking new, improved treatment for life-threatening diseases, including cancer. [31] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago have demonstrated that magnetic nanoparticles can be used to ferry chemotherapy drugs into the spinal cord to treat hard-to-reach spinal tumors in an animal model. [30] Small vessel vasculitis-inflammation of the small blood vessels-appears as a stain of tiny, red dots covering the skin that, depending on the severity, can evolve into painful pustules or ulcers. [29] Scientists from the University of Freiburg have developed materials systems that are composed of biological components and polymer materials and are capable of perceiving and processing information. [28] Nanotechnology may provide an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, a team of researchers suggests. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22]
Category: Physics of Biology

Nanocontainer Drugs into Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

Scientists at Johns Hopkins Medicine report they have created a tiny, nanosize container that can slip inside cells and deliver protein-based medicines and gene therapies of any size-even hefty ones attached to the gene-editing tool called CRISPR. [33] Protocells-artificial cells-that are active and mimic living cells by moving independently and that are biocompatible and enzymatically active are now possible using an improved method developed by Penn State researchers. [32] Pioneering new research into the way in which cells communicate with each other could hold the key to unlocking new, improved treatment for life-threatening diseases, including cancer. [31] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago have demonstrated that magnetic nanoparticles can be used to ferry chemotherapy drugs into the spinal cord to treat hard-to-reach spinal tumors in an animal model. [30] Small vessel vasculitis-inflammation of the small blood vessels-appears as a stain of tiny, red dots covering the skin that, depending on the severity, can evolve into painful pustules or ulcers. [29] Scientists from the University of Freiburg have developed materials systems that are composed of biological components and polymer materials and are capable of perceiving and processing information. [28] Nanotechnology may provide an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, a team of researchers suggests. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25]
Category: Physics of Biology

Sound Drug-Delivery

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

Drugs can be delivered into individual cells by using soundwaves, Melbourne researchers have discovered. [31] MIT engineers have designed tiny robots that can help drug-delivery nanoparticles push their way out of the bloodstream and into a tumor or another disease site. [30] Researchers have shown that existing optical fibre technology could be used to produce microscopic 3-D images of tissue inside the body, paving the way towards 3-D optical biopsies. [29]
Category: Physics of Biology

Convulted Blood Vessels Networks

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 58 Pages.

A team led by Professor Sylvain Martel at the Polytechnique Montréal Nanorobotics Laboratory has developed a novel approach to tackling one of the biggest challenges of endovascular surgery: how to reach the most difficult-to-access physiological locations. [38] A team of researchers from Massachusetts Institute of Technology has designed a new surgical tool that is maneuverable through some of the narrowest twisting networks of blood vessels to help treat stroke and aneurysm. [37] A new paper in Nature Photonics from researchers at CU Boulder details impressive improvements in the ability to control the propagation and interaction of light in complex media such as tissue-an area with many potential applications in the medical field. [36] The new microscopes, known as mesoSPIMs, can image the minute detail of brain tissue down to individual neurons, and can uncover the 3-D anatomy of entire small organs faster than ever before. [35] A team of researchers from Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology has found that they could use an optical tweezer array of laser-cooled molecules to observe ground state collisions between individual molecules. [34] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have replicated one of the most well-known electromagnetic effects in physics, the Hall Effect, using radio waves (photons) instead of electric current (electrons). [33] A team of researchers from Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology has found that they could use an optical tweezer array of laser-cooled molecules to observe ground state collisions between individual molecules. [32] "With optical tweezers, you can capture a single particle in its native state in solution and watch its structural evolution," said Linda Young, Argonne distinguished fellow. [31] The optical tweezer is revealing new capabilities while helping scientists understand quantum mechanics, the theory that explains nature in terms of subatomic particles. [30] In the perspective, Gabor and Song collect early examples in electron metamaterials and distil emerging design strategies for electronic control from them. [29]
Category: Physics of Biology

Chip-Based Optical Sensor Detects Cancer

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

For the first time, researchers have used a chip-based sensor with an integrated laser to detect very low levels of a cancer protein biomarker in a urine sample. [30] Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have made a silicon chip that distributes optical signals precisely across a miniature brain-like grid, showcasing a potential new design for neural networks. [29] Researchers have shown that it is possible to train artificial neural networks directly on an optical chip. [28] Scientists from Russia, Estonia and the United Kingdom have created a new method for predicting the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of organic molecules. [27] Predictions for an AI-dominated future are increasingly common, but Antoine Blondeau has experience in reading, and arguably manipulating, the runes-he helped develop technology that evolved into predictive texting and Apple's Siri. [26] Artificial intelligence can improve health care by analyzing data from apps, smartphones and wearable technology. [25] Now, researchers at Google's DeepMind have developed a simple algorithm to handle such reasoning-and it has already beaten humans at a complex image comprehension test. [24] A marimba-playing robot with four arms and eight sticks is writing and playing its own compositions in a lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology. The pieces are generated using artificial intelligence and deep learning. [23] Now, a team of researchers at MIT and elsewhere has developed a new approach to such computations, using light instead of electricity, which they say could vastly improve the speed and efficiency of certain deep learning computations. [22] Physicists have found that the structure of certain types of quantum learning algorithms is very similar to their classical counterparts-a finding that will help scientists further develop the quantum versions. [21] We should remain optimistic that quantum computing and AI will continue to improve our lives, but we also should continue to hold companies, organizations, and governments accountable for how our private data is used, as well as the technology's impact on the environment. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

Snapshot of Artificial Proteins

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

Protein-like molecules called "polypeptoids" (or "peptoids," for short) have great promise as precision building blocks for creating a variety of designer nanomaterials, like flexible nanosheets-ultrathin, atomic-scale 2-D materials. [29] For the first time, a University of Michigan chemist has used quantum entanglement to examine protein structures, a process that requires only a very small number of photons of light. [28] Sunlight is essential for all life, and living organisms have evolved to sense and respond to light. [27] Using X-ray laser technology, a team led by researchers of the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI has recorded one of the fastest processes in biology. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

Quantum Dots for Biomedical Applications

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

Positioning is important especially for targeted therapies, e.g. photodynamic therapy, because it allows the drug to be released evenly in a particular environment and at the right speed. In addition, owing to the achieved ligands ordering, we are able to pack a lot of active drug particles on a small carrier," adds Professor Lewinski. [28] Nanotechnology may provide an effective treatment for Parkinson’s disease, a team of researchers suggests. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26]
Category: Physics of Biology

Cardiac Interferometry Diagnose

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 78 Pages.

A new imaging technique developed by Biwei Yin and interdisciplinary researchers at the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School in the U.S., provides resolution at the subcellular-level to image the heart's vascular system. [47] The key to ghost imaging is to use two or more correlated beams of particles. [46] Physicists at the University of Alberta in Canada have developed a new way to build quantum memories, a method for storing delicate quantum information encoded into pulses of light. [45] Now, an Australian research team has experimentally realised a crucial combination of these capabilities on a silicon chip, bringing the dream of a universal quantum computer closer to reality. [44] A theoretical concept to realize quantum information processing has been developed by Professor Guido Burkard and his team of physicists at the University of Konstanz. [43] As the number of hacks and security breaches rapidly climbs, scientists say there may be a way to make a truly unhackable network by using the laws of quantum physics. [42] This world-first nanophotonic device, just unveiled in Nature Communications, encodes more data and processes it much faster than conventional fiber optics by using a special form of 'twisted' light. [41] Purdue University researchers created a new technique that would increase the secret bit rate 100-fold, to over 35 million photons per second. [40] Physicists at The City College of New York have used atomically thin two-dimensional materials to realize an array of quantum emitters operating at room temperature that can be integrated into next generation quantum communication systems. [39] Research in the quantum optics lab of Prof. Barak Dayan in the Weizmann Institute of Science may be bringing the development of such computers one step closer by providing the "quantum gates" that are required for communication within and between such quantum computers. [38]
Category: Physics of Biology

Microneedle Reversible Contraception

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

In an effort to increase access to long-acting contraception, a US-based research team has developed a microneedle patch that slowly releases contraceptive hormone for more than a month, and generates no biohazardous sharps waste (Science Advances 10.1126/sciadv.aaw8145). [26] Researchers at the UPV/EHU-University of the Basque Country have developed a biomedical device for cell immune-isolation (microcapsules) with luminescence for in vivo tracking. [25] Using x-rays to reveal the atomic-scale 3-D structures of proteins has led to countless advances in understanding how these molecules work in bacteria, viruses, plants, and humans—and has guided the development of precision drugs to combat diseases such as cancer and AIDS. [24]
Category: Physics of Biology

Physical Principles in Revealing the Working Mechanisms of Brain, Part One

Authors: Nicolae Mazilu
Comments: 50 Pages.

This work is addressed to a wide range of scientists who approach the research of the human brain from different points of view. Our main point is that no matter of the angle of approach in the brain research, a scientist has to be aware of the physical possibility of working of the brain. We describe this possibility by modeling the brain as light. The essential physical property of this model is fractality. It will be physically explained for the light itself and then applied as such to the brain. The main brain functions: the memory, acquiring information, and handling this information are then explained as scale transient fractal phenomena. This physical model is thereby useful in guiding any research on brain, no matter of its nature.
Category: Physics of Biology

Photon in Organic Solar Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 56 Pages.

Organic solar cells are steadily improving as new materials are developed for the active layer, particularly when materials are stacked in a bulk heterojunction design that takes advantage of multiple combined absorption windows to use photons at more parts of the spectrum. [37] The experiments showed that quantum light can be used to probe enzyme activities in real time without perturbing the sample. [36] The biological technique of 'optogenetics' uses light to control cells within living tissues that have been genetically modified to be light-sensitive. [35]
Category: Physics of Biology

Cutting Nanoparticles to Size

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

In a new study, published in Nature Communications, researchers from the University of Birmingham and the University of Bath have demonstrated a technique that will allow chemists to more closely control the size and shape of nanoparticles. [33] Rice University scientists have found revealing information where light from a molecule meets light from a nanoparticle. [32] A University of Wyoming researcher and his team have shown, for the first time, the ability to globally align single-wall carbon nanotubes along a common axis. [31] The fight against global antibiotic resistance has taken a major step forward with scientists discovering a concept for fabricating nanomeshes as an effective drug delivery system for antibiotics. [30] The solution consisting of colloidal quantum dots is inkjet-printed, creating active photosensitive layer of the photodetector. [29] I'm part of a group of nanotechnology and neuroscience researchers at the University of Washington investigating how quantum dots behave in the brain. [28] Nanotechnology may provide an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, a team of researchers suggests. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22]
Category: Physics of Biology

Clarkson’s Disease: a Rare Syndrome to Better Understand Science

Authors: Diego Liberati
Comments: 16 Pages.

a priming on such rare disease
Category: Physics of Biology

SCLS Una Sindrome Rara Per L’approfondimento Scientifico (In Italian, Internal Report Ieiit CNR)

Authors: Diego Liberati
Comments: 7 Pages.

a priming in Italian
Category: Physics of Biology

Implantable Magnet Resonance Detector

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 61 Pages.

A team of neuroscientists and electrical engineers from Germany and Switzerland developed a highly sensitive implant that enables to probe brain physiology with unparalleled spatial and temporal resolution. [37] A study published in Nature describes a new design for optical resonators that are more effective at trapping light, an important fundamental step towards making more efficient optical devices. [36] Researchers have, for the first time, integrated two technologies widely used in applications such as optical communications, bio-imaging and Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) systems that scan the surroundings of self-driving cars and trucks. [35]
Category: Physics of Biology

Topographical Gel Nanosensors

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

In a new study, Karthik Pushpavanam and an interdisciplinary team of researchers in the departments of Chemical Engineering, Molecular Sciences, Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center and Arizona Veterinary Oncology in the U.S. has described a novel gel-based nanosensor. The technology allows colorimetric detection and quantification of topographical radiation dose profiles during radiotherapy. [28] Nanometers are one billionth of a meter, a metric typically used to measure molecules and scientific building blocks not visible to the human eye. [27] A new chip-based platform developed by researchers at UC Santa Cruz integrates nanopores and optofluidic technology with a feedback-control circuit to enable an unprecedented level of control over individual molecules and particles on a chip for high-throughput analysis. [26] The ability to observe how life works at a nanoscale level is a grand challenge of our time. [25] Scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research in Cologne have now discovered how a protein called LMI1 can control leaf growth and shape. [24] One way we might actually prove our biological complexity is to look at the number of different proteins that our bodies can produce for building all our different types of cells and the other things they need. [23] A new method allows researchers to systematically identify specialized proteins that unpack DNA inside the nucleus of a cell, making the usually dense DNA more accessible for gene expression and other functions. [22]
Category: Physics of Biology

Magnets Mimic Binding in DNA

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 35 Pages.

A team led by Cornell University physics professors Itai Cohen and Paul McEuen is using the binding power of magnets to design self-assembling systems that potentially can be created in nanoscale form. [22] Histones are proteins that regulate the unwinding of DNA in the cell nucleus and the expression of genes based on chemical modifications or "marks" that are placed on their tails. [21] Now, in a new paper published in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Mayo researchers have determined how one DNA repair protein gets to the site of DNA damage. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

DNA Star Ultra-Sensitive Test

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 37 Pages.

By folding snippets of DNA into the shape of a five-pointed star using structural DNA nanotechnology, researchers have created a trap that captures Dengue virus as it floats in the bloodstream. [23] A team led by Cornell University physics professors Itai Cohen and Paul McEuen is using the binding power of magnets to design self-assembling systems that potentially can be created in nanoscale form. [22] Histones are proteins that regulate the unwinding of DNA in the cell nucleus and the expression of genes based on chemical modifications or "marks" that are placed on their tails. [21]
Category: Physics of Biology

Enzyme Toolkit for Biotechnology

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

The Open Enzymes collection is one step toward allowing synthetic biologists from anywhere in the world to join the conversation. [28] The discovery that protein therapeutics can hijack the HOPS complex to gain access to the cell interior should help scientists design therapeutic proteins to treat diseases that are not adequately treated using other approaches, Schepartz said. [27] DNA regions susceptible to breakage and loss are genetic hot spots for important evolutionary changes, according to a Stanford study. [26] For the English scientists involved, perhaps the most important fact is that their DNA read was about twice as long as the previous record, held by their Australian rivals. [25] Researchers from the University of Chicago have developed a high-throughput RNA sequencing strategy to study the activity of the gut microbiome. [24] Today a large international consortium of researchers published a complex but important HYPERLINK "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0734-6" study looking at how DNA works in animals. [23] Asymmetry plays a major role in biology at every scale: think of DNA spirals, the fact that the human heart is positioned on the left, our preference to use our left or right hand ... [22] Scientists reveal how a 'molecular machine' in bacterial cells prevents fatal DNA twisting, which could be crucial in the development of new antibiotic treatments. [21] In new research, Hao Yan of Arizona State University and his colleagues describe an innovative DNA HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/walker/" walker, capable of rapidly traversing a prepared track. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19]
Category: Physics of Biology

MRI-Compatible Electrodes

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 100 Pages.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS)-in which electrodes implanted in the brain send electrical signals to areas that control movement-is increasingly employed to treat symptoms of movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease, essential tremor or dystonia. [59] Researchers at the Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS) within the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) at Ewha Womans University have made a major scientific breakthrough by performing the world's smallest magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). [58] Researchers at the University of Southampton and the Korea Institute for Advanced Study have recently showed that supersymmetry is anomalous in N=1 superconformal quantum field theories (SCFTs) with an anomalous R symmetry. [57] Researchers at ETH Zurich have developed a method that allows them to characterize the fluctuations in detail. [56] A team of researchers from Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) and Griffith University in Australia have constructed a prototype quantum device that can generate all possible futures in a simultaneous quantum superposition. [55] Physicists have proposed an entirely new way to test the quantum superposition principle-the idea that a quantum object can exist in multiple states at the same time. [54] Researchers have developed a new device that can measure and control a nanoparticle trapped in a laser beam with unprecedented sensitivity. [53] Researchers have discovered a 'blind spot' in atomic force microscopy-a powerful tool capable of measuring the force between two atoms, imaging the structure of individual cells and the motion of biomolecules. [52] Australian scientists have investigated new directions to scale up qubits-utilising the spin-orbit coupling of atom qubits-adding a new suite of tools to the armory. [51] A team of international researchers led by engineers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) have invented a new magnetic device to manipulate digital information 20 times more efficiently and with 10 times more stability than commercial spintronic digital memories. [50]
Category: Physics of Biology