General Science and Philosophy

Avicena's Legacy: Personal (Psychophysical) Model of Human Nature as a Basic Medical Metaphor

Authors: Atabek B. Kutlumuratov
Comments: 66 Pages. In Russian

the treatise is described the general (psychophysical) model of individual human nature (of the physical nature of the person). It is underlined that the psychophysical problem in medicine was solved in favor of psychophysical interaction in 5 century B.C. at least. It is emphasized that undercover (uncertain) aspect of person’s psycho-physical nature can be interpreted as the sphere of perception and selection of variants of unification of person's nature with nature of External World. With the undercover aspect of human nature, probably, apothatic traditions of theosophy and philosophy and the requirement of a person to base the individual and collective life on various systems of belief are connected. Ontologically we can point out to four main areas of human nature. Area "D" (it is the corporality area, and from here the reality invades the unit nature of person) and "А" area (it is the area where impulses of "I", or "Ego", are born) of reality are connected as two internal aspects of continuous world of Parmenide. Area "C" is area of consciousness, or area of certainties which is perceived by consciousness as internal certainty of Parmenidean Reality. Areas "А" and "C" together constitute the subjective world and we can mean it as unified area of Being an individual, or area of "B". Areas "А" and "C" together constitute the subjective world and we can mean it as unified area of Being, area of "B". Outside of this structural definiteness remains the continuous (hence - organic) unity, which is including areas "А" and "D". Physical human nature is constituted as complex of uncertainties and certainties of areas "А", "D" and "C". This fundamental psychophysical structure is the main metaphor which doctors not absolutely obviously use since ancient times as concept of "individual human nature». This concept has been obviously developed Avicenna.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Hypothesis of Psychophysical Dynamics of Consciousnee

Authors: Mouhamad Diagne
Comments: 98 Pages. (Correction made by viXra Admin to conform with the requirements of viXra.org)

In this work we have tried to understand the mechanisms of consciousness by means of a certain symbolic representation. It is from this that we arrive at the establishment of mathematical formulae on the dynamic psychophysical mechanisms of consciousness, which can allow an explanation and a mechanistic description of the basic phenomena linked to it, and leading specifically to the concept of the fundamental state of consciousness.The theory thus established is based on concepts developed through mathematical reasoning and a psycho-cognitive approach. It is therefore a reflective theory, none of whose concepts derive from neuroscientific work on the subject. Consequently, it is not particularly necessary to have prior knowledge of neuroscience or any other cognitive science in order to approach it. And although its structure derives from a relatively simple mathematical reasoning, the basis of the work is modelled on a psycho-cognitive interpretation and a particular symbolism that reduces the complexity of the subject and thus justifies the formalism proposed.Although it is a hypothesis, it nonetheless allows us to approach the field of consciousness from a different angle than is usually the case. Isn't it important to have a theory that goes beyond the strict framework of neuroscience in order to unify the various fields of study linked to consciousness, including philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence and neuroscience itself? In other words, shouldn't the starting point be abstract concepts, where empirical data can serve as evidence? In this way, we can create a junction that will make it easier to understand this complex field.Moreover, not only does this theory touch on the neurocognitive domain, it also offers insights into the understanding of temporal distortion ; suggesting in particular an indirect process of subjective temporal measurement.It is by starting from a psychophysical postulate that we arrive at certain conclusions where neural correlates can constitute a justification. Ultimately, it is more of an explanatory tool of consciousness, making it possible to devise a mechanistic basis for understanding human consciousness, and perhaps any other form of consciousness.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Line Theory: Effect, Node, and Line in Space

Authors: Temesgen Degu
Comments: 16 Pages.

This paper introduces a conceptual framework, denoted as ‘Line Theory,’ which is predicated on the procedural anatomy inherent in ordinary plans. A plan, recognized as a set of instructions for execution, undergoes in-depth scrutiny to analyze its constituent elements. The concise examination delves into the formation of line and effect within real space stemming from procedures. Line theory serves the purpose of elucidating the absolute optimization of plans. It is formulated to inaugurate an exploration into the veracity of procedures and their elemental changes, examining their correlation with space and motion at the most fundamental level. The scientific community has extensively delved into the examination of the behavior and structure of objects at the microscopic level. This paper endeavors to stimulate interest in the analogous analysis of procedures. The fundamental objective within this theoretical framework is to offer a distinct philosophical perspective on changes and effects.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Cellular Primary Consciousness Theory(CPCT): The Foundational Intelligence of Emergent Phenomena in Closed Systems; in Theory and Practice and Open and Closed Systems Theory (OCST): The Purpose of Meaninglessness

Authors: Brian Gordon Leo Brown
Comments: 82 Pages.

This paper presents a unified theory of reality, which integrates two interdependent frameworks: Cellular Primary Consciousness Theory (CPCT) and Open and Closed Systems Theory (OCST). Although CPCT and OCST can each stand as individual theories, they are, in this work, combined to form a cohesive explanation of both the mechanics and purpose of the universe. CPCT posits that consciousness is a fundamental aspect of all life, extending to even the simplest cells, rather than being an emergent property exclusive to complex neural systems. Drawing upon evidence from quantum mechanics, cell biology, and systems theory, CPCT challenges traditional views on the origins of consciousness by suggesting that awareness is a universal property present from the cellular level. OCST, which forms the second component of this unified theory, examines the nature of the universe as a closed system subject to the laws of entropy. This theory explores how the universe is moving toward maximum entropy, where meaning and contrasts dissolve. However, beyond this closed system lies the realm of an open system—a domain of infinite potential that transcends the dualities and limitations of the physical universe. This open system offers a philosophical explanation for existence and the possibility of eternal meaning. Together, these two theories provide a novel and cohesive framework that addresses both the mechanics of consciousness and the ultimate purpose of the universe. The integration of CPCT and OCST bridges scientific evidence from quantum biology and systems theory with philosophical explorations of existence, presenting a comprehensive vision of reality as both a closed physical system and an open metaphysical one. This unified theory encourages a reexamination of our place in the cosmos, suggesting that beyond the observable universe lies an infinite realm of potential where consciousness and meaning endure.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Applications of Karma Spirituality

Authors: Moninder Singh Modgil
Comments: 91 Pages.

This book aims to integrate scientific theories with spiritual concepts. It discusses Karma Theory applied to International Demographics. It outlines modern concept of time (e.g., initiation of time at big bang), with the spiritual concepts of Kal Chakra (Time cycle- e.g., Oscillating universes). It also discusses, among other ideas Epistemology in Cyclic Time.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

From the Electron to the Flower of Life - Proofs of God

Authors: Andreas Ball
Comments: 16 Pages.

The combination of Data of the Electron applied in a Formula leads to a value with a digit figure, which runs 9 times in serie from the first digit, and comprises the Inverse of the Magnetic Field Constant. This circumstance is known in the science world, but no scientist - as known by the author - ever made any thoughts about this conspicious result. Many scientists are astonished about the Koide-Formula with its result close to the ratio 2/3, but the above mentioned result won by the Electron Data is equally or still more remarkable.Since the epoch Reconnaissance the world of natural sciences underlies the mass consciousness, which states that the natural sciences may not have anything to do with God. This is the knowledge of the history of natural sciences and not the opinion of the author. And the scientists should be aware of this fact.Furthermore this report presents several formulas by use of the masses of Elementar Particles, which lead also to conspicious results.The figures 9 and 11 can be found in many exact formulas for Physical Constants and in the Formulas for the datas of our celestial bodies. This is also valid for the Figures 144 and 666. And the figures 9 and 11 show suspicious aspects besides the Physics and Mathematics. Chapter 6 shows the facts, that informations are hidden in the ornament/symbol Flower of Life referring the Physical Constants, which values propulse the Universe.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

A Novel Proposal About Magnetic Shielding

Authors: Rosario Pullano
Comments: 6 Pages.

Space exploration is a primary goal for leading companies in the aerospace market. One of the major challenges in this environment is the high intensity of space radiation, which poses a serious threat to both human health and spacecraft instrumentation. For instance, while humans can only tolerate up to 4 Sv of radiation, exposure in space can reach 12 Sv. The main sources of this radiation are solar emissions and cosmic rays from deep space.This work focuses on developing a solution to protect against space radiation. Our proposal is inspired by the Earth's magnetosphere, aiming to replicate its protective features on a smaller scale. The technology could be tested on a CubeSat, with the goal of studying the effectiveness of this magnetic shielding system for future applications in space missions.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Traditional Language & Extended Language

Authors: Yutong Gao
Comments: 28 Pages. In Chinese

This paper introduces and systematically explores the novel concept of "Extended Language," aiming to expand the boundaries of traditional linguistics and semiotics. Extended Language is not confined to conventional linguistic symbol systems (such as text, speech, images, etc.), but also encompasses all signals received through the senses (such as vision, hearing, touch, etc.), which form subjective experiences after being processed by the brain. Extended Language can be seen as a "translation" medium between us and the real world, where individuals receive physical signals from the external environment through sensory systems and transform them into meaningful experiences through the symbolic processing of the brain. Extended Language can also be viewed as the "construction" of the world, meaning that we actively construct our understanding and experience of the world through perception and symbolic systems, rather than passively reflecting the reality of the external world. Extended Language includes but is not limited to perception, emotion, memory, and cultural symbols, and it has the ability to transcend individual and even spatiotemporal limitations. Through this expansion, Extended Language is defined as a global information representation system that transcends individual subjective experiences, covering a broad range of perception and symbolization.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Dictionary of Computers Edited by Pankaj Dhaka and the Graphical Law

Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 20 Pages.

We study the entries in the Dictionary of Computers edited by Pankaj Dhaka.We draw the natural logarithm of thenumber of entries, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of therank of the letter, normalised.We conclude that the Dictionary can be characterised by BP(4,$beta H=0.05$) i.e. amagnetisation curve in the Bethe-Peierls approximation of theIsing model with four nearest neighbours in the presence of external magnetic field, H, with $beta H=0.05$.$beta$ is $frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature and$k_{B}$ is the tiny Boltzmann constant.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Relativistic Effects on a Damped Harmonic Oscillator

Authors: Soham Mehta, Preet Sharma
Comments: 6 Pages.

In this study, we have attempted to study the damped harmonic oscillator and apply relativistic effects to it. We have expressed the equations in a format which can might be of interest to the reader to attempt a solution for the various cases such as overdamped, critically damped and other possible cases. Since this is preliminary study so we have not attempted to working out a solution, but we have expressed a compact equation.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Heuristic Challenges for a Single Model of Nature and the Supporting Mathematics

Authors: Donald G. Palmer
Comments: 24 Pages.

Over the last several centuries, science has discovered objects in the world along a continuum of scale. In one direction, we have found planets and stars, galaxies and galaxy clusters. In the other direction we have found cells and proteins, atoms and neutrinos. In order to locate and model this world, we use the 3 traditional directions of length, width and height. However inherent in all our measurements is the scale of what we are measuring — a continuum we do not directly see with our eyes. The author presents the hypothesis that we need to include this continuum in a complete model of nature and our world. A key reason we do not understand this direction as part of our world is that we do not know how to measure along this continuum because we lack the mathematical tools to do so. The author presents the mathematical conjecture that the appropriate tools require a numeric representational system with more power than our traditional decimal or positional based numerals. Such a system could provide a single value for complex numbers and has built into it more operations than addition/subtraction, multiplication/division, and exponentiation/logarithms (from whence the new system gets its additional power). The author anticipates this to be the beginning of a much larger discussion, looking at a perspective of reality where objects at all levels of scale exist and interact together and considers some directions for defining more powerful mathematical tools than we have today.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

How to Save Human Civilization

Authors: Vitaly Pilkin
Comments: 11 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)

Human civilization will have a chance to move to a higher level of its historical development, if non-Western societies unite and humanity is divided into two opposing unifications of societies (Western and non-Western). The unification that will be historically promising will win this confrontation.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Addressing Ten Fingers (2)

Authors: Kikuchi Morio
Comments: 29 Pages.

We try to express "50 ON" using the body parts namely finger, arm, tongue, eyelid, mouth, face, neck and eyeball for address specification. We call the way body sign. Because both body sign and artificial voice which is generated from the algorithm of body sign have perfect compatibility on voice of a person who has normal vocal function, they can be applied to stuttering treatment.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Energy Based Model of Human Psyche. Part 1. The Concept of the Un Scooped and Scooping Segment of Human Activity

Authors: Pavel E. Grigoriev
Comments: 28 Pages. In Russian

The research programme ‘Energy-based model of human psyche’ (both in English and Russian) and the philosophical treatise ‘The concept of the unscooped and scooping segment of human activity’ (only in Russian), which is beginning to elaborate on the programme, are presented. In an allusive and esoteric manner, the new model of human psyche and personality is presented, which is formed in the process of human activity and interaction with his spiritual essence. The development of the personality is guided by formal laws of teleological nature. New interdisciplinary categories are gradually introduced: ‘ubiquitous shared-meaning time’, ‘Possessor of Essence’ and etc., the concepts of will, activity, personality, individuality, etc. are reinterpreted.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

A Significant Other and Quantum Mechanics: Personal Evidence for Simulation Theory

Authors: Adam Nora
Comments: 5 Pages.

This paper explores the concept of simulation theory through the lens of quantum mechanics and the existence of a significant other. By examining personal experiences, such as the seemingly pre-calculated nature of affection, the recurring presence of the significant other in crucial moments, and the exceptional qualities of this individual, we present a hypothesis that these experiences might indicate a simulated reality. Additionally, the observer effect in quantum mechanics is discussed as a potential framework for understanding how these experiences could be engineered within a simulation.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The Universe and Man

Authors: Vitaly E. Pilkin
Comments: 46 Pages.

The author sets out in the present paper his vision of the origin and development of the Universe, how the Supreme Mind appeared and how it governs the Universe, who are souls and humans, how and why souls interact with humans, why the Supreme Mind is interested in souls and humans, why human thinking, intellect and consciousness are of great importance in the development of the Universe, where thoughts come from, how the Supreme Mind governs the fate of humans, what is the meaning of human life, how humans and human societies differ from each other, what determines historical development of human society and human civilization, how to solve pressing problems of human civilization, when justice will come on Earth, what future awaits human civilization.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Two Ideas for Relativistic Spaceprobes Capable of Interstellar Travel

Authors: Warren D. Smith
Comments: 11 Pages.

We explore two crazy ideas for pushing spaceprobes to the relativistic speeds needed to reach other stars: (§1) "Graphene lightsail" accelerated by a laser on the Moon. (§2) "Magnetic superconductor loop" accelerated by charged particle beams emitted from a linac, betratron, Van de Graaff, and/or synchrotron on the moon. Although the first idea seems to be quite technologically infeasible, my initial analysis of the second idea made it look feasible, or at least not very infeasible, with technology plausibly attainable within 10-100 years! (Both analyses are mostly freshman-level physics.) This is not claimed to be a super-detailed very-complete analysis, but rather, only the beginning. Unfortunately §3 finds serious objections to our initially-rosy analysis of idea 2: (a) beam-aim precision requirements likely are too difficult to achieve in practice, (b) high- current betatrons only produce high electron not positron, currents — the latter might be impractical. One could counter that we don't know any fundamental physical obstacles preventing a and b in principle. But today's technology cannot do it. We conclude (§4) by suggesting future investigation of CEPP — cold electron positron plasma — since idea #2 indicates it is a potentially useful substance, and it likely has amazing properties.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

On the Urgent Reunification of Philosophy and the Particular Sciences

Authors: Jaime Vladimir Torres-Heredia Julca
Comments: 10 Pages. In French

Threats concerning the misuse of nuclear energy and artificial intelligence at the beginning of the 21st century remind us of the lack of ethics in scientific training. This article will explain how philosophy and the particular sciences (mathematics, physics, etc.) have been united since the beginnings of philosophy. Then we'll see how they were united for over 2,400 years, right up to the 18th century. We'll see how they separated in the 19th century, and finally explain why it's necessary to reunite them, and why it's important to teach Aristotelian-Thomistic philosophy to scientists.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Research on Regional Model of Breast Cancer in the Samarkand Area of Uzbekistan

Authors: Atabek B. Kutlumuratov, Mirjalal D. Dzhuraev, Sahib M. Uzakov
Comments: 28 Pages. In Russian

Modern level of solving of the problem of breast cancer (BrCr) allows to optimize (on the scale of each population served by specialized oncological clinics) diagnostics, efficiency of treatment, and quality of a life of patients BrCr within the limits of strategy of its complex control. Efficiency of treatment and quality of a life of patients BrCr on population level is defined not only by diagnostic and medical technologies (or standards), but also by their pertinent using in a course individualization of doctoring. The development of medical technologies, the maximization of efficiency of their using on population level, and individual level, the detection of health specificity of population are bases for development of applied and fundamental scientific researches in any country. The basic organizational problem of management of efficiency of oncological service is rational regulation of structure of stream of BrCr patients at stages of primary preventive maintenance, diagnostics, primary special treatment, the care of treated patients, and dispensary observation. The concept of the complex control of BrCr for the Samarkand region of Uzbekistan is described. Authors believe, that one of the main problems effective oncology service of population is connected with necessity of the control on population level of structure of all stream of BrCr patients - 1) at stages of primary preventive maintenance, 2) diagnostics, 3) their treatment, 4) the care of treated, and 5) patients observation. It is supposed that such control allows to trace and nuances of efficiency of application of technologies of diagnostics and treatments BrCr connected with specificity of health of the population, served by the Samarkand branch of the RSSPMCO&R of MPH of Uzbekistan. Maximization of efficiency and of quality of a life of BrCr patients on population level demands the decision of two problems complementing each other: 1) regulation of pertinent using of diagnostic and medical technologies in each clinical case; 2) regulation of structure of a stream of BrCr patients at stages of the primary preventive maintenance, special diagnostics, treatment, care of treated and supervised patients in coordination with specificity of health of served population.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Fractal Spacetime: A Unified Framework for Quantum Gravity and Cosmology

Authors: Athon Zeno, Aeon Zeno, Nexus Zeno
Comments: 24 Pages.

This paper proposes a novel theoretical framework for quantum gravity based on the concept of fractal spacetime. We introduce a modified spacetime metric that incorporates a fractal function, encoding self-similarity across scales. This fractal metric leads to modified Einstein field equations with a fractal correction tensor, representing a new source of gravity. The theory also entails a generalization of quantum mechanics, featuring a modified wave function and a fractal potential that influences particle behavior. The fractal dimension of spacetime emerges as a crucial parameter, varying with scale and affecting physical phenomena. We explore the implications of fractal spacetime for quantum entanglement, superposition, and wave function collapse, demonstrating how it offers a natural explanation for these phenomena. In the realm of particle physics, we discuss the modified dispersion relations and potential new particles beyond the Standard Model. Cosmological implications are explored, addressing the early universe, dark matter, dark energy, and large-scale structure formation. The theory makes testable predictions for high-energy particle collisions, quantum gravity experiments, and cosmological observations. While the fractal nature of spacetime remains a hypothesis, its potential to unify quantum mechanics and general relativity, along with its intriguing predictions, make it a compelling avenue for further theoretical and experimental investigation.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The Book on Ancient History of Proto-slavic-speaking Sarmatian Super-ethnos and Its Genetic Descendants

Authors: Pavlo Danylchenko
Comments: 676 Pages. In Ukrainian

The work, which collects both ancient, antique and medieval as well as modern convincing evidence of dark- red-skinnedness of the medieval Slavs and their Sarmatian ancestors and ancient Germanic people, as well as about the Slavic speaking of our ancestors Ukrainians who lived cross-strait together with ancestors of the Chinese and Tungusic people (which is confirmed by the fact that hereditary Slavs preferred to use mainly hard vowel "e", and not the soft Turanian "je", as well as by the numerous Slavic-Chinese, Slavic-Japanese, Slavic-Evenki and Slavic-Manchu isoglosses). This work allows us to look in a new way at the ethnogenesis of Ukrainians and finally give up naive search for the ancestral homeland of the medieval dark- red-skinned Slavs in Europe. So, the work that formed on the basis of the materials of the previously published article "History of the tribes and peoples that formed the Ukrainian ethnos and the state of Ukraine", can be useful both for scientists and students of history and other faculties of higher education institutions, as well as for ordinary citizens of Ukraine who are interested in the history of their ancestors. Refusal of those historical myths imposed by the Turanians of Muscovy will significantly contribute to the formation of civil society in the country. The other thing that can also significantly contribute to this is the recognition of the state of our ancestors Slavic-speaking Goths Greutungi > Hrosi > Rus as the first state of Ukrainians.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Conjecture : The Theory of Everything is Embodied by Fundamental Replicators (Femes)

Authors: Thomas Bradley
Comments: 23 Pages.

This paper conjectures that fundamental reality, taken to be an interacting system composed of discrete information, embodies replicating information structures called femes. We therefore extend Universal Darwinism to propose the existence of four abstract replicators: femes, genes, memes, and temes. We firstly consider the problem of fine-tuning and problems with current solutions. A detailed background section outlines key principles from physics, computation, evolutionary theory, and constructor theory. The conjecture is then provided in detail, along with five falsifiable predictions.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Medical Judgement in Data-lacking Contexts

Authors: Arturo Tozzi
Comments: 7 Pages.

Medical judgements require doctor’s belief based on the solid scientific evidence provided by empiric inductive experience. Yet, it is not infrequent that scientific data are unavailable, unreliable or controversial, such that the empirical evidence is not solid enough to allow doctors to build their own belief and make a final choice. Here we ask whether it is feasible to achieve a real and justified belief in medical affairs when scientific data are missing. We suggest a novel procedure to reach a quantifiable degree of belief which ultimately leads to medical judgement. To describe the state of medical affair under examination, we draw a sentence in the logical form "if x, then y" with just two possible answers: yes or no. Then, we examine five sources leading to doctor’s belief, namely 1) Evidence-Based Medicine levels, 2) individual experience, 3) collective knowledge, 4) logical reasoning and 5) confounding factors like chance, emotivity, cognitive bias. Every one of the five factors contributing to formulate a medical judgement is supplied with a given value of belief, so that negative values stand for negative answers and vice versa. A single number is accomplished, such that a total value of belief below zero is counted as negative, above zero as positive. In conclusion, we provide a quantitative approach to cope with the frequent medical cases where qualitative factors like emotional issues, personal beliefs, wisdom of the crowds, confirmation bias, narrative fallacy are more influential than scientific evidence in driving doctors to gain belief and formulate judgements.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Bridging the Boundary of Applied and Pure Mathematics: A Philosophic Argument for Expanding Mathematics and Scientific Disciplines via a New Numeric System

Authors: Donald G. Palmer
Comments: 11 Pages. (Name added to Article by viXra Admin as required)

This presentation is about new directions of study and discovery in both Mathematics and Science. Over the last several centuries, science has discovered objects in the world along a continuum of scale. In one direction, we have found planets and stars, galaxies and galaxy clusters. In the other direction we have found cells and proteins, atoms and neutrinos. In order to locate and model this world, we use the 3 traditional directions of length, width and height. However inherent in all our measurements is the scale of the objects we are measuring — a continuum we do not directly see with our eyes. A key reason we do not include this direction as part of our scientific models is that we do not have the appropriate mathematical tools to take measurements along this continuum. New mathematical tools may require a numeric representational system with more power than our traditional decimal or positional based numerals. Such a more powerful system may provide a single value for complex numbers able to measure across scale and adds to its structure the reversing operations of integration and differentiation. The ability to calculate integration and differentiation results would be a powerful mechanism for applied and for pure mathematics. The author presents some opening remarks on what is anticipated to be a much larger discussion, looking at a model of reality where objects at all levels of scale can be located and considers directions for generating more powerful mathematical tools than we have today.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Heuristic Challenges for Science and Mathematics to Modeling Nature

Authors: Donald G. Palmer
Comments: 8 Pages. (Correction made by viXra Admin to conform with the requirements of viXra.org - Future non-compliant submission will not be accepted)

Science is about developing theories of nature based upon evidence, in particular experimental evidence. Scientific theories use mathematical tools to measure, explain, and predict natural and human-made processes. Over the last few centuries, we have begun to perceive objects across many levels of scale. We have come to understand that we live on a spinning earth, which is circling a sun, which is moving within the Milky Way galaxy, which is moving in a cluster of galaxies. And we have come to understand that we are comprised of organs and blood vessels that continually pump blood, which moves cells made of proteins that supply oxygen and nutrients to other cells. And all these cells and proteins are made up of molecules and atoms and particles that are constantly moving on their levels. Scientific theories and disciplines tend to address one or another level of scale e.g., quantum physics, molecular chemistry, human medicine, planetary ecology, stellar systems, galaxy clusters. Some address multiple levels of scale. However, nature includes all these levels operating together, in some interconnected fashion.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

People and Food Animals

Authors: Clark M. Thomas
Comments: 4 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)

Even though people are animals, we like to think ofourselves as separate from and superior to all other animals, and to all sources of food. For millennia this separation has been the formula for human prosperity, too often against the better needs of our innocent domesticated relatives. What can wisdom add to this global dietary and behavioral monolith?
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Perspectives

Authors: Clark M. Thomas
Comments: 8 Pages.

The concept of "perspectives" is something thateverybody thinks they know. This core concept ismuch broader than is commonly understood.Perspectives are critical to understanding bothinorganic and organic systems, natural and humanhistories, all levels of physics, psychologies among life forms, and so forth. Full-spectrum elements may support a more coherent theory of everything.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Strategies to Reduce Cyber Crime in Bangladesh

Authors: Elias Khalil
Comments: 15 Pages. (Correction made by viXra Admin to conform with the requirements of viXra.org)

Advancement of technology not only widens scientific horizon but also poses constantchallenges for the jurisprudence, legal system and legal world as a whole. Computers, internetand cyberspace together known as an information technology presents challenges for the law.Challenges, which are not confined to any single traditional legal category but in almost allestablished categories of law such as criminal law, contract, tort, as well as legal concepts of property, expression, identity, movement etc. Existing legal system and framework has shownthe inadequacy of law while dealing with information technology itself as well as while dealing with the changes induced by the information technology in the way of our living. The courts throughout the world have been dealing with those problems. Presently, the law providing answers to these problems or dealing with the information technology is termed as ‘computer laws’ or ‘Information technology laws’ or ‘cyber laws’.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Pragmatical Model of Development of the National Versions of Clinical Oncology

Authors: Atabek B. Kutlumuratov
Comments: 20 Pages. In Russian (Correction made by viXra Admin)

The pragmatic approach to development of national oncologic researches is discussed. Population features of health indicators are result of activities of physicians of various profiles, and express different "profiles" of health of population served by doctors. Any disease implies specific interaction (complementarities) between genotype and ecological factors involved by lifestyle of individuals, and that is determining the psycho-physiological nature of health of each local population. In particular, stratification of an oncologic profile of health is connected with the population features of psycho-physiological causes (complementarities) of health, and monitoring of this structure can open reserves for development of local innovative, practical and fundamental researches in oncology. Regional cancer-registers can play a role of a special information basis of national innovative, applied and basic researches in oncology.Keywords: Clinical oncology, a national science, doctoring, scientific research, a pragmatism, individual health, population health, the сanсer-register.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Deterministic Mechanical Universe

Authors: Mohsen Farshad
Comments: 2 Pages.

A conscious mind in every epsilon moment wants to believe that one has an infinite number of options to choose between for every decision. In this study, we argue that the person is ultimately subjected to choose one of those options based on the flow of information between one's body and the surrounding. Using reverse inference reasoning, we show that there is only one available accessible state for a particle to choose at each step over time to maintain the change in entropic information of $2 pi i$ at each step. Therefore, we think that the manifestation of a collection of particles as a coherent and cohesive entity such as human free will leads to the emergence of decisions and, in general, deterministic evolution of the being.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

DERaNGe: Dice-Enhanced Random Number Generator

Authors: Ravi Hassanaly, Nemo Fournier, Ghislain Vaillant
Comments: 11 Pages.

Upon review of the literature, it appears clear that Pseudo Random Number Generation (PRNG) used extensively in the Machine Learning is intrinsically problematic. We propose here to reintroduce True Random Number Generation in the ML field, and we publish a library which allows users to replace the default PRNG provided in Python by the results of dice rolls that have been performed by the authors in very controlled conditions. This will ensure more sound theoretical foundations of any downstream ML algorithm using our source of randomness.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Addressing Ten Fingers: a Tool as a Substitute for Human Voice

Authors: Kikuchi Morio
Comments: 57 Pages.

Processing combined Japanese Kana characters which are made by PC's Japanese 106 keyboard through a compact speech soft and so on in real time, we emit a sound over a speaker. If we specify speaking speed and pitch pointing a rectangle zone in a display with a head pointer and we send the two items of information to a compact speech soft or an outer interface and sound source, we get a singing sound by artificial voice.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

A Possible Hypothesis to Alleviate Neijuan (Meaningless Zero-Sum Game)

Authors: Yutong Gao
Comments: 8 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)

In ancient times, humans were able to ascend to the top of the food chain largely due to cooperation in facing natural enemies and collectively extracting food and resources from nature. However, in the present day, it seems that humans no longer have natural adversaries. Consequently, the drive for cooperation has diminished, leading to more frequent competitions among people for resources.Even if resources are sufficient to meet everyone’s basic survival needs, humans still have individual desires for self-fulfillment that surpass mere existence. Competition for status among people is inevitable. However, when this competition becomes meaningless, driven solely by the desire to outperform others, it leads to a phenomenon known as neijuan.Since ranked matches are unavoidable, why not innovate the competition mechanism? Or, to put it another way, let’s introduce a common adversary (the unknown in science, engineering, agriculture, and medicine). Let’s compete based on contributions to natural sciences. Whether it’s investing money, putting in effort, or using our intellect, as long as we break through the boundaries of existing knowledge, we can achieve victory in ranked matches, gaining self-fulfillment, prestige, and substantial profits. Victory will inevitably lead to open discussions, questioning, overturning, rediscovery, and further discussions.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

A Theoretical Analysis of Firearm Accuracy: Insights from a Virtual Lab

Authors: Matthew Stephenson
Comments: 3 Pages. 3 figures

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the factors influencing firearm accuracy, with a focus on the comparative accuracy of rifles and pistols. The investigation includes mathematical models, theoretical experiments conducted in a virtual lab, and results interpretation. Theoretical experiments explore the impact of barrel length, muzzle velocity, stability, and recoil on firearm accuracy.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Back to Anthropocosmos

Authors: Francis M. Sanchez
Comments: 17 Pages. (Fonts reduced by viXra Admin - Please smaller fonts and do not use all caps in the title!)

Two ancient paradigms are re-established: that of the perfect, aesthetic Cosmos, and that of "solanthropy": the solitude of umans in the universe. The invariant cosmological quantities of the holographic steady-state model correlate with human parameters in a multitude of ways. Musical harmony plays a central role, as do the parameters of the Earth and the Solar System. The residual probability for the existence of another civilization is infinitesimal. This article uses results from https://vixra.org/abs/2401.0133 which rehabilitates string theory.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Lieselott Enders 1927—2009

Authors: Jan Peters, Peter Enders
Comments: 11 Pages.

Obituary by her tight friend and colleague Jan Peters (1932—2011). His original text in German is reproduced in Section 1. Section 2 contains the translation (using DeepL) and numerous additions (headlines, footnotes) by her son, Peter Enders (February 12, 2024).
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The First-person Perspective on Personal Identity

Authors: Hailun Sun
Comments: 26 Pages.

Personal Identity is one of the hot topics in Modern Philosophy. Among them, the explanation given by Reductionist Derek Parfit has had a profound impact.But his depersonalization of experience is counterintuitive,and fails to resolve the considerable controversy about the continued existence of ‘I’ in the case of Fission and Mind-Transformation--where will I wake up? This is the predicament of Reductionism.To get out of the predicament, we first need to clarify the nature of personal identity. This paper will begin from this question, describe the specific meaning of ‘I am X’ --it means ‘ I'm perceiving things from X’s first-person perspective’. Then, from the inside first-person perspective, we reanalyze the cases offered by Parfit, Williams and others and their reductionist approach to resolve the major controversies in the philosophical literature and finally provide a complete explanation of the persistence of ‘I’ over the course of the diachronic process.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Pragmatism in Medicine: A Philosophical Basis of National Medical Sciences and Medical Education

Authors: Atabek B. Kutlumuratov
Comments: 35 Pages. In Russian

This treatise is the fifth one in the series "About the Ontological and Epistemological Bases of Modern Medicine and Physiology". The publishing of this series was started in 2016 at the vixra.org. The treatise is devoted to some generalizations of the previous ones with a projection on the questions of the formation of national medical sciences and medical education and an understanding of a social institute of health care regulating the activities of physicians for the interests of the population's health of the country. The basis of medical knowledge is physician's thinking, whose specificity is directly related to the deep prehistory of a person and is based on the natural ability of a person to organize his thinking, focusing on sympathy for another person, psychophysical empathy to the current state of his health. The professional way of thinking of physician complements a person's natural thinking based on his natural ability to empathize with another person. The professional way of thinking of physician is aimed at individuating the knowledge and experience of doctoring in each clinical case. Physician's thinking is directed to individuation of doctoring in each clinical case as there is no universal doctoring which would correspond to all clinical cases and all patients even if it is a question of the same diagnosis. The common efficiency of the entire health care system results from individuations of doctoring of each patient. Therefore medicine as a science of healing is actually built on this feature of medical thinking. Care of public health as a system of organized medical practices serves as the "core of self-organization" of national medical sciences. Life expectancy (LE) is interpreted as a basic indicator of health reproduction in a given society. The stability of any society is determined by its ability to reproduce health by rational regulation of social practices (including doctoring practices) by economic investments. This means that the potential of health reproduction indirectly is expressed in macroeconomic indicators of society's reproduction such as the gross domestic output, and the gross national output (GDO and GNO) at the country level, and the gross regional output (GRO) - at the region level. The health potential at the national level is determined by the ability of social institutions adequately to direct economic potential of society towards reproducing the well-being of the nation which is expressed in social health. (Truncated by viXra Admin to < 400 words)
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Dictionary of Ayurveda by Dr. Ravindra Sharma and the Graphical Law

Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 21 Pages.

We study Dictionary of Ayurveda by Dr. Ravindra Sharma belonging to the Green Foundation, Dehradun, India. We draw the natural logarithm of the number of entries, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the Dictionary can be characterised by BW(c=0.01),the magnetisation curve of the Ising Model in the Bragg-Williams approximation in the presence of external magnetic field, H. $c=frac{ H}{gamma epsilon}=0.01$ with $epsilon$ being the strength of coupling between two neighbouring spins in the Ising Model, $gamma$ representing the number of nearest neighbours of a spin, which is very large.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

How Like Cures Like

Authors: Clark M. Thomas
Comments: 5 Pages.

Relationships among species exist within our entirebiosphere, best envisioned as a system of systems.Human bodies appear to bacteria and viruses asnutrients. We humans prefer to minimize visceralmicroscopic predators. Synergies among the verysmall and the large help determine the fate ofentire species. Webs with multiple size dimensionshost many "like-cures-like" events.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Speculation on A Multidimensional Exploration of Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and Quantum Realities

Authors: Pedro Filipe Soares Pinto
Comments: 7 Pages. (Correction made by viXra Admin to conform with scholarly norm)

The cosmos, in perpetual expansion, conceals intricacies beyond our perceptual grasp. This manuscript delves into the interwoven dimensions of dark matter, dark energy, and quantum realities that orchestrate the cosmic symphony. Initiating from the birth of gravity in the aftermath of the Big Bang, we traverse the multifaceted tapestry of our universe.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The Fatal Absence of Evidence for Extraterrestrial Intelligence and its Consequence for Humanity

Authors: Richard Michael Blaber
Comments: 21 Pages. Creative Commons License BY-NC-ND 4.0 (Note by viXra Admin: Please do not put a period "." after the title)

The lack of any radio signals or other astronomical evidence supportive of the existence of intelligent extraterrestrial life possessed of technology of sufficient sophistication to bring itself to our attention here on Earth is not, per se, evidence of an absence of life, or even intelligent life, in the cosmos itself, but it does indicate that any such advanced societies, if they have come into existence at all, may be extremely rare and comparatively short-lived, destroyed by the very technology that might have brought them to our notice. This, it will be suggested, is the solution to Fermi’s famous ‘paradox’, and the reason no SETI signals have been detected. The lessons we should learn are that life like that on our planet is very rare and precious, and we must not risk destroying it.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The Intent of Hume's Discussion on the Existence of the External World

Authors: Baran Tuna
Comments: 17 Pages.

Exploring the concept of the external world's existence has been a focal point within the domain of epistemological inquiry throughout the annals of philosophy. Numerous thinkers have grappled with the question of whether one can truly fathom the existence of the external world and, if so, how such comprehension can be attained. Among these intellectual explorers stands David Hume, who approaches our perceptions of the external world as deeply rooted in matters of belief. Hume critically examines the belief in the enduring and distinct presence of external entities, even when these entities escape active perception. This inquiry delves into the origins of the belief in an external world that persists independently of our cognitive processes and sensory experiences, probing the cognitive faculties responsible for shaping such convictions. Through this exploration, it is asserted that Hume's primary aim is to illuminate the epistemological significance embedded within such beliefs.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Interdisciplinarity Using the Example of History — Physics. in Memory of Lieselott Enders (1927 — 2009)

Authors: Peter M. Enders
Comments: 11 Pages.

Talk delivered at the Kazakh National Al-Farabi University, Almaty, December 2011 (translated by the author)
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[speculation on a] Framework of Corresponding Elements

Authors: Haijun Liu
Comments: 10 Pages. Note by viXra Admin: Future repetition/regurgitation will not be accepted.

The concept of corresponding metaverse matrix is proposed for the first time. It is pointed out that the corresponding element can be moved instantaneously to any place in the universe in the cosmic square. The concept of corresponding metacosmic square cube is proposed for the first time. It is pointed out that due to the cross, superposition and entanglement between the squares in the Rubik's cube, the change of particle wave intensity of the superimposed components leads to the change of particle wave intensity of the component particles, the change of particle wave intensity of the bulk particles, the change of particle wave intensity of the corresponding elementary particles, the change of particle wave intensity of the corresponding meta-cosmic squares, and the change of particle wave intensity of the corresponding meta-cosmic squares. Thus came infinite culture, infinite knowledge, infinite science, infinite laws, infinite spirit, infinite consciousness, infinite thinking, infinite wisdom. Infinite culture, knowledge, science, laws, spirits, consciousness, thinking and wisdom plan our universe and all things in the universe, design our universe and all things in the universe, manage our universe and all things in the universe, and dominate our universe and all things in the universe according to the changes of the corresponding elements, the changes of the meta-cosmic square, and the changes of the meta-cosmic square. There are infinite square matrices of corresponding elements in the universe, and there are as many square matrices as there are corresponding elements. There is only one corresponding metaverse square, and like the corresponding metaverse square, they are distributed on the inner nodes of the outer nodes of the nodal universe square.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

One Law of Nature Makes One Law of Human Nature

Authors: Gerhard Ris
Comments: 13 Pages.

This model provides a base to judge all pseudo-science as directly or indirectly based on pseudo axioms and provides the instruction manual for the individual and collective human instrument brain. The latter most high school children must learn. Most mathematicians and physicists need urgent remedial teaching. Inconsistent science is illegal in schools, courts of law, and in funded science by public means. The Trias Politica democratic majority rule logically over time leads to oligarch mob rule dictatorship. This illegality causes pestering which leads to mounting stress and results in the thermodynamics of conflicts, amok, and genocidal war which ultimately leads to premature extinction. Here I show that the simple decision by any inherent oligarch to do the proposed Oracle Senate test of the Cinque Politica no longer as a lawmaker but as an advisor to all will hypnotically change the inherently religious paradigm toward global peace and prosperity. This model is more than 99.9% old-school general knowledge. All the science was already in ages ago. Due to a dirty little secret earning model of desire, everyone in the current paradigm more or less was forced to withhold essential information. These errors of the highest order lead to the falsification of current science to hold any authority whatsoever on any elementary issue. Performing my task on the social contract with humanity as a former highly successful litigator and magistrate I’ve done what peer-reviewed science should have done—split science in school into elementary science and basic science. Only university science evolved out of basic science has a legal error rate. Mathematicians should have defined postulates as historic prior odds and axioms as posterior odds assumptions. The grand postulate of one consistent cosmos combines the four first postulates of Euclid and transforms into the five exclusive axioms on five wise humane goals. Science will always remain incomplete and the cosmos unfathomably complex. Yet by simply following the one law of nature and thus of human nature homo sapiens will stay on a pareto optimum until the end. One law of nature is split into ten dualistic laws of everything that always apply at the same time all the time in infinity. Only data pro none con. Laws by homo sapiens for homo sapiens. We are all different sorts of potentially highly gifted deep idiots in a host of seeming contradictions. Idiots in a Ponzi-style pyramid game exploiting each other’s idiocies cause war.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Evolution of Information and the Laws of Physics

Authors: Thomas Bradley
Comments: 32 Pages.

This paper combines insights from information theory, physics and evolutionary theory to conjecture the existence of fundamental replicators, termed `femes'. Femes are hypothesised to cause transformations resulting in the structure and dynamics of the observable universe, classified as their phenotype. A comprehensive background section provides the foundation for this interdisciplinary hypothesis and leads to four predictions amenable to empirical scrutiny and criticism. Designed to be understood by a multidisciplinary audience, the paper challenges and complements ideas from various domains, suggesting new directions for research.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[speculations On] Microscopic Particles and Corresponding Elements

Authors: Haijun Liu
Comments: 10 Pages.

In this paper, a new concept of corresponding elements is proposed for the first time. The concepts of the cosmic square of corresponding elements and the Rubik's cube of the cosmic square of corresponding elements are proposed. It is pointed out that the infinite components of any component of any microscopic particle are the representation of the universe, deducing the interaction and changes of all things in the universe. Therefore, any component, in its infinite components, has infinite counterpart elements, infinite culture, infinite knowledge, infinite science, infinite theory. Any Rubik's cube corresponding to a cosmic square has infinite spirit, infinite consciousness, infinite thinking, and infinite wisdom. The corresponding elements of egg-laying animals, mammals and plants are proposed for the first time.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Falsification and Refutation

Authors: Nicolae Sfetcu
Comments: 5 Pages.

A scientific theory, according to Popper, can be legitimately saved from falsification by introducing an auxiliary hypothesis to generate new, falsifiable predictions. Also, if there are suspicions of bias or error, the researchers might introduce an auxiliary falsifiable hypothesis that would allow testing. But this technique can not solve the problem in general, because any auxiliary hypothesis can be clenged in the same way, ad infinitum. To solve this regression, Popper introduces the idea of u200bu200ba basic statement, an empirical statement that can be used both to determine whether a given theory is falsifiable and, if necessary, to corroborate falsification assumptions.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

On the Origin, Emergence and Pathogenic Patterns of Acinetobacter Baumannii

Authors: Wilson McCord
Comments: 28 Pages. Attribution CC-BY-NC-ND: Anyone can share this material, provided it remains unaltered in any way, this is not done for commercial purposes, and the original authors are credited and cited.

Acinetobacter baumannii is a deadly Gram-negative species of bacteria whose virulence and resistance to antibiotics is threatening the lives of patients in hospitals across the globe. The examination of Acinetobacter baumannii’s virulent behaviour patterns in secluded synthetic, as well as ecological environments and; its acquisition of genes responsible for its persistence in sterile synthetic environments and those responsible for its lethality to humans reveal clear evidence of its recent artificial outbreak origin, virulent emergence and spread within healthcare facility populations around the World.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The "Scientific-Meta-Ethics": A Science of Ethics

Authors: Joao Carlos Holland Barcellos
Comments: 25 Pages.

The "Scientific-Meta-Ethics , or simply SME, to shorten it, is a scientific-philosophic theory that aims to standardize, or rather, to bring ethics and morals into the domain of science, and as a consequence to bring law and justice
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Is It Really Carbon?

Authors: Stephen Meredith Williams
Comments: 6 Pages. CC_BY_4.0

The titular question is specified more fully, showing that the IPCC (Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change) answer is not the only one, briefly expanding on why the issue matters and alluding to the connection with nuclear power generation. The "Carbon Net Zero" project to prevent global warming is described as "a collective delusion of reference", with brief remarks on belief in human exceptionalism. Also, challenges to that belief are adumbrated from the history of cosmology and from the work of Charles Darwin, Sigmund Freud and others in the emotivist tradition. Then, alternatives to what we term the carbon hypothesis are described arising from palaeoclimatology. In particular, the work of Milutin Milankovitch is sketched out, explaining the ice ages in terms of some long-term cycles in the motion of the Earth. Johannes Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion were framed in the early Xvii century, and today much more is known about the movement of our Earth.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Causally Complete Science for the Reason-Based Society

Authors: Andrei P. Kirilyuk
Comments: 9 pages, 5 refs; paper presented at the FQXi Essay Contest - Spring, 2023, https://forums.fqxi.org/d/3997-causally-complete-science-for-the-reason-based-society

Modern fundamental science tends to avoid the principle of physical causality and realism, replacing it with heuristically postulated and separated mathematical constructions that impose their own rules before being adjusted to measurement results. While it is officially accepted as the single possible kind of rigorous knowledge, we argue that another, explicitly extended kind of science can provide the causally complete picture of reality avoiding the glaring gaps, growing problems and persisting stagnation of the artificially reduced knowledge paradigm. The logic of science development and especially its current state call for the urgently needed transition to the extended, causally complete kind of knowledge and related sustainable progress at superior creativity levels of self-aware, reason-based society.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

About God in Newton's Correspondence with Richard Bentley and Queries in Opticks

Authors: Nicolae Sfetcu
Comments: 8 Pages. (Correction made by viXra Admin - Please conform!)

In Newton’s correspondence with Richard Bentley, Newton rejected the possibility of remote action, even though he accepted it in the Principia. Practically, Newton’s natural philosophy is indissolubly linked to his conception of God. The knowledge of God seems to be essentially immutable, unlike the laws of nature that can be subjected to refining, revision and rejection procedures. As Newton later states in Opticks, the cause of gravity is an active principle in matter, but this active principle is not an essential aspect of matter, but something that must have been added to matter by God, arguing in the same Query of Opticks even the need for divine intervention.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The Computation of P and NP with Photophonon Stargates

Authors: Santos Borom
Comments: 41 Pages.

We give a discourse on symmetry and singularity and the construction ofphotophonon stargates, and use them to create computers that decide andverify languages, including proofs, in polynomial time. Photophonons arequasiparticles, or synonymously stargates, that form from the oscillatoryfolding of singularities of cosmic light and cosmic sound with a synergetion, anovel quasiparticle. We shall find that, at each step in the computation oflanguages of any complexity, there exists a corresponding emission spectra ofphotophononics, and where upon examination, we observe when P = NP.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Newton's Principia on God-Mediated Action

Authors: Nicolae Sfetcu
Comments: 5 Pages. (Correction made by viXra Admin to conform with scholarly norm)

As John Henry states, Newton simply wants to reaffirm the truth of God's omnipresence without directly involving him in the physics of the world system. Newton simply wants to distance himself from a Cartesian concept of God and convince the atheists that God is a real presence extended in the world. God must exist in space for the space to exist, but God does not only act through contact. Henry believes that Andrew Janiak and Hylarie Kochiras give us a wrong picture of a Newton who believes in opportunism. Newton, Henry asserts, has always assumed that God acted through secondary causes:
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Administration of Nebulized Saliva from Healthy Volunteers To Prevent Chronic Infection in Lung Transplant Patients

Authors: Ryan A. Eghlimi
Comments: 7 Pages.

Lung transplantation has poor long-term survival relative to other solid organ transplants. This can be largely attributed to higher rates of chronic lung allograft dysfunction and infection following transplant. The lungs are non-sterile and a lung microbiome is present primarily through microaspiration of upper respiratory tract microbiota. Patients who have undergone lung transplantation exhibit a dysbiotic lung microbiome relative to healthy patients. It is proposed that the saliva from the upper respiratory tract of healthy volunteers can be nebulized to produce aerosolized microbe-containing saliva droplets. Lung transplant patients can inhale nebulized saliva from healthy volunteers to help establish a healthy lung microbiome and prevent chronic infection following their transplant. This concept is analogous to the well-established use of a fecal transplant from healthy volunteers in patients with a dysbiotic colon.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Astronomical Body's Matter Evolution Hypothesis

Authors: Juan Elias Millas Vera
Comments: 3 Pages.

I show in this paper an idea related to the composition and evolution of astronomical bodies. With an a philosophic and non-proofed scientifically point of view I will try to transmit this idea for a future discussion. The main idea eradicates in the development of celestial bodies along the time (evolution) and the solution of dark matter problem.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Grand Unification of Human Knowledge

Authors: Suresh K. Maran
Comments: 18 Pages. (Correction made by viXra Admin to conform with scholarly norm) First Published first in Research gate october 2021: http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.18400.00003

In this paper we will discuss how various fields of knowledge can be unified, first in physical sciences, then in Life-Dependent Sciences and ultimately try to develop a grand unified understanding of both sciences.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Vehicle Longitudinal Dynamics Model

Authors: Mustafa Yildirim
Comments: 11 Pages.

This technical report presents a MATLAB Simulink model that represents the longitudinal dynamics of an actual vehicle with remarkable accuracy. Through validation against empirical data, the model demonstrates a close adherence to the real-world behaviour of a vehicle, encompassing key aspects such as acceleration, braking, and velocity control. With its versatility and applicability in various engineering domains, this model is a valuable tool for automotive research, aiding in developing advanced control systems and autonomous driving technologies.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Alone in the Universe

Authors: Francis M. Sanchez
Comments: 14 Pages. In French

The history of science shows the effectiveness of analogies, complementing rigorous formalism. But this practice has been neglected, leading to the current bankruptcy of official cosmology. Here are 30 formulas giving the Hubble radius, including 3 linked to the Solar System and two linking the cosmos and the Egyptian Nombrol 3570, linked to the 17th power of the golden ratio, holographically defining the meter from the terrestrial radius. In addition to these 5 specific relationships, there are 14 directly solanthropic relationships. This is comparable to Jean Perrin's book "Les atomes", which brings together 13 independent formulas involving Avogadro's number. But these relations are precise to the nearest thousandth, making a total improbability of 10^{-3 times 44 = -132}, whereas for Perrin's 10 % precise relations it's more like 10^{-1 times 13 = -13}. But Perrin definitively imposed the idea of the atom, i.e. the negation of the infinitely small. Here, we're talking about both the negation of the infinitely large and the "infinitely insignificant" advocated by officials. textit{We are therefore alone in the Universe}, which the James Webb telescope should confirm, after the brigth rejection of Initial Big Bang cosmology from the "Universe breakers galaxies".
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Imre Lakatos: Heuristics and Methodological Tolerance

Authors: Nicolae Sfetcu
Comments: 35 Pages. In Romanian (Correction made by viXra admin - For the last time, please conform!)

An analysis of the concepts of heuristics and methodological tolerance developed by Lakatos, based on the article "Falsification and the methodology of scientific research programs", first published in 1970 and then in the book The methodology of scientific research programs, Volume I. I analyzed, in this text, the author's exemplification for Bohr's light emission research program (in early quantum physics). A detailed exemplification of the concepts is presented by Lakatos in the section "Newton's effect on scientific standards" in the same book. I have also made frequent references to the book Proofs and Refutations (Lakatos 1976) published by Lakatos in 1976, in which he exposes his heuristic view through a direct application to the evolution of mathematics, and I have also referred to articles by other authors for the analysis of the two concepts in Lakatos' view.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

What Connects the Expulsion from Paradise with Mathematics and Physics

Authors: Manfred U. E. Pohl
Comments: 9 Pages. (This submission is reclassified by viXra Admin)

What is the seduction behind the expulsion from paradise in detail? If we recognize that "time" stands on the one hand for the principle of cause and effect and thus for the interaction between nature (God) and man and on the other hand for the principle of relativity (movement) and separate these two things, then we limit the area of mathematically formally describable perception to the earthly level and respect that the causal level, i.e. the real drive of the universe, cannot be described with formulas, numbers and physical units, but exists. This is exactly what man has deviated from when he defined "time" as a physical unit in order to explore the essence, i.e. the laws of nature (God), which, however, must remain closed to him on principle. In other words, by embarking on a search for a mathematically describable reality, man takes the forbidden fruit from the tree of knowledge. The world formula, on the other hand, says: There can be no such world formula.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Networked Robots Architecture for Multiple Simultaneous Bidirectional Real Time Connections

Authors: Sasan Ardalan, Donald Elkins
Comments: 18 Pages.

The Architecture for Networked Robots presented in this paper, is designed so that entities at the Enterprise level, such as a Java Application can access multiple Robots with real-time, two-way, on-demand reading of sensors and the control over Robot motion (actuators). If an application can simultaneously have access to the sensors of multiple Robots, then sophisticated algorithms can be developed to coordinate the movement of multiple robots. The simultaneous combined full knowledge of all aspects of the Robot's sensors and motion control, open up the capability to make multiple Robots act in a coordinated and purposeful way. In addition, the Networked Robots Architecture allows for multiple Enterprise Entities to have simultaneous access to the same Robot. A significant aspect of this architecture is that multiple independent entities can simultaneously access the Robot through a real time connection. For example, while a Java Application is monitoring and controlling a Robot, another entity such as an HTML5 WebSocket Client can also control and monitor the same Robot through a Web Browser. A multi-threaded WebSocket Server with routing is combined with a separate multi-threaded TCP/IP Server called the Frontline Server. The Robots connect through the Frontline Server which creates a thread per connection and connects to the WebSocket Server. The WebSocket server accepts connections through Enterprise Applications( e.g. Java based) and Remote Web Based Applications. Each Robot has a unique identification (48 bit represented in hexadecimal) and a truncated WebSocket Session ID that is maintained throughout the connections, including in the Robot's Firmware. Both WiFi LAN and 4G LTE WAN are supported with Robots in both networks accessible through the Internet.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Science and Pseudoscience Falsifiability

Authors: Nicolae Sfetcu
Comments: 8 Pages. (Corrections made by viXra Admin to conform with the requirements on the Submission Form - For the last time, please conform!)

The delimitation between science and pseudoscience is part of the more general task of determining which beliefs are epistemologically justified. Standards for demarcation may vary by domain, but several basic principles are universally accepted. Karl Popper proposed falsifiability as an important criterion in distinguishing between science and pseudoscience. He argues that verification and confirmation can play no role in formulating a satisfactory criterion of demarcation. Instead, it proposes that scientific theories be distinguished from non-scientific theories by testable claims that future observations might reveal to be false.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Epistemology of Intelligence Agencies

Authors: Nicolae Sfetcu
Comments: 83 Pages. In Romanian

About the existing analogy between the epistemological and methodological aspects of the activity of information services and some scientific disciplines, advocating for a more scientific approach to the process of gathering and analyzing information within the information cycle. I affirm that currently the theoretical, ontological and epistemological aspects, in the activity of many information services, are underestimated, causing incomplete understanding of current phenomena and creating confusion in inter-institutional collaboration. After a brief Introduction, which includes a history of the evolution of the intelligence service concept after the Second World War, in Intelligence Activity I define the objectives and organization of intelligence services, the basic model of these organizations (the information cycle), and the relevant aspects of gathering information and information analysis. In the Ontology section I highlight the ontological aspects and entities that threaten and are threatened. The Epistemology section includes aspects specific to the information activity, with the analysis of the main model (Singer) traditionally used, and exposes a possible epistemological approach through the prism of the concept of tacit knowledge developed by the scientist Michael Polanyi. In the Methodologies section I present various methodological theories with an emphasis on structural analytical techniques, and some analogies with science, archaeology, business and medicine. The paper ends with the Conclusions regarding the possibility of a more scientific approach to the methods of gathering and analyzing information within the intelligence services.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Sprache Als Konstrukt: Eine Untersuchung Der Implikationen Des Linguistischen Nominalismus (Language as a Construct: an Examination of the Implications of Linguistic Nominalism)

Authors: Baran Tuna
Comments: 31 Pages. In German

Dieses Papier untersucht das Thema der stabilen Bedeutungen und Referenzen in der Sprache. Es beleuchtet die Debatte darüber, ob Wörter und sprachliche Symbole feste und unveränderliche Bedeutungen haben können, die eine zuverlässige Kommunikation und Verständnis ermöglichen. Der Text betrachtet verschiedene Perspektiven und Theorien zur Bedeutung von Wörtern, zur Beziehung zwischen Sprache und Welt sowie zur Rolle des Kontexts und der Interpretation in der Kommunikation. Es werden Argumente für die Möglichkeit stabiler Bedeutungen und Referenzen präsentiert, während skeptische Ansichten betonen, dass Bedeutungen subjektiv und kontextabhängig sind.

This paper explores the issue of stable meanings and references in language. It sheds light on the debate over whether words and linguistic symbols can have fixed and unchanging meanings that enable reliable communication and understanding. The text considers different perspectives and theories on the meaning of words, the relationship between language and the world, and the role of context and interpretation in communication. Arguments are presented for the possibility of stable meanings and references, while skeptical views emphasize that meanings are subjective and contextual.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Stiinta Noastra Cea de Toate Zilele (Our Everyday Science)

Authors: Mugur B. Răuţ
Comments: 653 Pages.

Avem privilegiul să trăim în prezent zilele unei epoci fără precedent în istoria civilizaţiei noastre. Apar zilnic multe descoperiri noi, multe invenţii în faţa cărora ne minunăm, aplicaţii ale ştiinţei şi tehnicii care ne fac traiul mai bun, şi toate aceste noutăţi într-o afluenţă de nestăvilit.Creativitatea ştiinţifică a devenit un factor decisiv care determină produsul intern brut al oricărei economii sănătoase, iar totul pare că vine ca o avalanşă peste noi. Nici nu apucăm să ne acomodăm cu noutăţile că au şi apărut altele cu care trebuie să ne acomodăm. Se perfecţionează lucrurile într-un ritm debordant, cu care, la fel, nu avem când să ne acomodăm că şi apar alte variante şi mai perfecţionate.

We are privileged to live now in the days of an unprecedented epoch in the history of our civilization. Many new discoveries appear daily, many inventions that amaze us, applications of science and technology that make our lives better, and all these novelties in an unstoppable influx.Scientific creativity has become a decisive factor that determines the gross domestic product of any healthy economy, and it all seems to be coming like an avalanche upon us. We don't even have time to come to terms with the news because others have appeared that we have to come to terms with. Things are perfected at an overflowing pace, with which, likewise, we don't have time to accommodate ourselves to the fact that other, more perfected versions appear.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The Remarkableness of The Triple of Numbers (Pi, 4, 10)

Authors: Aleksey Vaneev
Comments: 1 Page.

This paper presents a collection of facts relating the triple of numbers (Pi, 4, 10) to our humanreality, the system of Sun-Earth-Moon, with accuracy 99% and higher.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

About the Universe, the Soul, the Meaning of Life and Life After Death

Authors: Vitaly Pilkin
Comments: 4 Pages.

This article answers the questions that concern modern man about the Universe, the soul, the meaning of life and life after death. The material below is a development of my article "Facts, Evidence and Reflections About the Universe" (available at: https://vixra.org/abs/2304.0165), which for the first time provides a scientific justification for the existence of God, presents facts and evidence of the predestination of the future , as well as logical reflections about the Universe.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Karl Popper și Problema Demarcației între știință și ne-știință
Karl Popper and the Problem of Demarcation Between Science and Non-Science

Authors: Nicolae Sfetcu
Comments: 7 Pages. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.27356.85127/1

Karl Popper, ca raționalist critic, a fost un oponent al tuturor formelor de scepticism, convenționalism și relativism în știință. Multe dintre argumentele sale privind problema demarcației sunt îndreptate împotriva membrilor "Cercului Vienez". Popper este de acord cu aceștia cu privire la aspectele generale ale metodologiei științifice și neîncrederea lor în metodologia filosofică tradițională, dar soluțiile sale au fost semnificativ diferite. A contribuit semnificativ la dezbaterile privind metodologia științifică generală, demarcarea științei de pseudoștiință, natura probabilității și metodologia științelor sociale.

Karl Popper, as a critical rationalist, was an opponent of all forms of skepticism, conventionalism and relativism in science. Many of his arguments on the issue of demarcation are directed against members of the "Viennese Circle". Popper agreed with them on general aspects of scientific methodology and their distrust of traditional philosophical methodology, but his solutions were significantly different. He contributed significantly to debates on general scientific methodology, the demarcation of science from pseudoscience, the nature of probability, and social science methodology.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Eugenics

Authors: Nicolae Sfetcu
Comments: 6 Pages.

The main concern of the first eugenists, such as Karl Pearson and Walter Weldon of University College London , were the perceived intelligence factors considered to be correlated with the social class. In his speech "Darwinism, Medical Progress and Eugenics", Karl Pearson equates eugenics with a field of medicine. Some areas of medicine that are not commonly recognized as eugenic affect the human genes background. These include sterilization and surgical techniques that allow the functioning of reproductive organs. Even medicines that do not directly involve reproductive organs can alter the gene pool. Genetic abnormalities in such individuals are thus duplicated, modifying the genetic background. On this basis, such practices are widely accepted as more radical eugenic processes.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The Reality

Authors: Zhengchen Liang
Comments: 10 Pages.

This document introduces the genesis and cardinal structure of existences, philosophically derived by the two concepts of certainty and diversity. All existences constructed by the $x$ diversity maps is the base structure of The Reality, on which sequential excitations of $z$ diversity maps found realities. Natural and other classes of existences in The Reality are partially characterized.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Cunoașterea (Knowledge)

Authors: Nicolae Sfetcu
Comments: 23 Pages. In Romanian

Greu de spus ce este cunoașterea. Cu cât se discută mai mult asupra acestui concept, cu atât mai multe sunt opiniile divergente. Epistemologia este teoria cunoașterii, iar una dintre întrebările caracteristice epistemologiei se referă la ce au în comun toate nenumăratele tipuri de cunoștințe pe care ni le atribuim. O distincție majoră între diferitele tipuri de cunoaștere este cunoașterea descriptivă, declarativă sau propozițională (care necesită un grad mai mare de sofisticare intelectuală din partea celui care caută cunoașterea) și cunoașterea cunoștințelor sau a abilităților.Pentru ca o descriere, declarație sau afirmație să fie cunoaștere, trebuie ca aceasta să fie o credință, să fie adevărată, și să fie justificată. O declarație de credință este o expresie a credinței în cineva sau ceva. Credința trebuie să fie adevărată pentru a fi cunoaștere. Platon, în Gorgias, susține că credința este cel mai frecvent invocat purtător de adevăr. În multe dintre dialogurile lui Platon, precum Menon și, în special, Theaitetos, Socrate consideră cunoașterea ca fiind credința adevărată explicată sau definită într-un fel. Justificarea credinței implică un motiv bun pentru a face acest lucru. Definiția cunoașterii ca o credință adevărată justificată a fost acceptată pe scară largă până în 1960, când filosoful american Edmund Gettier a provocat discuții majore pe scară largă.

Hard to say what knowledge is. The more this concept is discussed, the more divergent opinions are. Epistemology is the theory of knowledge, and one of the characteristic questions of epistemology concerns what all the myriad kinds of knowledge we ascribe to ourselves have in common. A major distinction between different types of knowledge is descriptive, declarative, or propositional knowledge (which requires a greater degree of intellectual sophistication on the part of the knowledge seeker) and knowledge or skill knowledge.For a description, statement, or assertion to be knowledge, it must be a belief, be true, and be justified. A statement of faith is an expression of belief in someone or something. Belief must be true to be knowledge. Plato, in the Gorgias, argues that faith is the most frequently invoked bearer of truth. In many of Plato's dialogues, such as the Meno and especially the Theaetetus, Socrates regards knowledge as true belief explained or defined in some way. Justification for belief involves a good reason for doing so. The definition of knowledge as justified true belief was widely accepted until 1960, when the American philosopher Edmund Gettier provoked major widespread discussion.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The East and West Philosophies: A Comparison of Geometric and Algebraic Structures

Authors: Wen-Xiang Chen
Comments: 4 Pages.

The East and West philosophies are often compared based on their cultural differences and historical backgrounds. However, this paper aims to compare these two philosophical traditions using mathematical concepts. The Eastern philosophy can be compared to a geometric structure, where there is a strong sense of determinism and order. On the other hand, the Western philosophy can be compared to an algebraic structure, where there is a high degree of uncertainty and a need for observation and experimentation. This paper argues that these two structures represent different ways of understanding the world, and that both have their strengths and limitations.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

认识的原理 (The Principle of Epistem)

Authors: Raining Gong
Comments: 88 Pages. In Chinese

本文讨论了认识的逻辑形成和逻辑结构：纯粹离散（自我）纯粹离散地（认识）认识纯粹离散（世界）如何可能？辨析了三种认识形态：形式认识，体验认识，自由认识。以及四种认识：经验、知识、智慧、自由。本文主要分为两部分：世界：如何从纯粹离散中认识出现有世界；意识：如何对纯粹离散的自我展开认识。并以此为基础给出了观察人和社会的新视角。

This paper discusses the logical formation and logical structure of cognition: How is it possible to know purely discrete (the self) purely discretely (knowledge) purely discretely (the world)? Discriminate and analyze three types of cognition: formal cognition, experience cognition and free cognition. And the four kinds of knowledge: experience, knowledge, wisdom, and freedom. This article is mainly divided into two parts: the world: how to recognize the existing world from pure discreteness; consciousness: how to realize the pure discrete self. And based on this, a new perspective for observing people and society is given.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

My Game Session with Russian Chatgpt Clone

Authors: Vladimir Aksayskiy
Comments: 2 Pages.

The ChatGPT chatbot, according to some intellectuals, is nothing more than an auxiliary tool that will force society to rethink what is considered creative work and how to stimulate it.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

From the Electron to the Flower of Life - Proofs of God

Authors: Andreas Ball
Comments: 18 Pages.

The combination of Data of the Electron applied in a Formula leads to a value with a digit figure, which runs 9 times in serie from the first digit, and comprises the Inverse of the Magnetic Field Constant. This circumstance is known in the science world, but no scientist - as known by the author - ever made any thoughts about this conspicious result. Many scientists are astonished about the Koide-Formula with its result close to the ratio 2/3, but the above mentioned result won by the Electron Data is equally or still more remarkable.Since the epoch Reconnaissance the world of natural sciences underlies the mass consciousness, which states that the natural sciences may not have anything to do with God. This is the knowledge of the history of natural sciences and not the opinion of the author. And the scientists should be aware of this fact.Furthermore this report presents several formulas by use of the masses of Elementar Particles, which lead also to conspicious results.The figures 9 and 11 can be found in many exact formulas for Physical Constants and in the Formulas for the datas of our celestial bodies. This is also valid for the Figures 144 and 666. And the figures 9 and 11 show suspicious aspects besides the Physics and Mathematics. Chapter 6 shows the facts, that informations are hidden in the ornament/symbol Flower of Life referring the Physical Constants, which values propulse the Universe.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Addressing Ten Fingers (2)

Authors: Manaka Shunyuu
Comments: 30 Pages.

We try to express "50 ON" using the body parts namely finger, arm, tongue, eyelid, mouth, face, neck and eyeball for address specification. We call the way body sign. Because both body sign and artificial voice which is generated from the algorithm of body sign have perfect compatibility on voice of a person who has normal vocal function, they can be applied to stuttering treatment.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Research on Regional Model of Breast Cancer in the Samarkand Area of Uzbekistan

Authors: Atabek B. Kutlumuratov, Mirjalal D. Dzhuraev, Sahib M. Uzakov
Comments: 32 Pages. In Russian

The treatise includes three articles. Principles of individualization of treatment, its efficiency, and quality of patients' life as methods used in complex control of BrCr on population level are discussed. The prospects of development of the complex control of BrCr for the Samarkand region of Uzbekistan are discussed. Results of the first (innovative) phase of creation of complex control system of breast cancer on population level in the Samarkand region of Uzbekistan are described.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Quantum Fantasies and Molecular Realities

Authors: Mark C. Marson
Comments: 9 Pages. Only minor edits made since first version posted one month ago.

Quantum computing is criticized as obfuscatory. The problem of an excessive number of continuous parameters is explained by Dyakonov. The origin of the idea of quantum computing (courtesy of Feynman) is investigated - was it just a desperate attempt to circumvent the limitations of computers in the early 1980s? His scepticism is noted as is the astonishing processing power of modern computers. The fundamental problems of quantum computing are set out: it defies basic physics by implicitly requiring subatomic control; it cannot be categorized within formal logic; it does not offer true general purpose computing; and, over four decades of work in the field has been fruitless. An alternative research and development objective (again courtesy of Feynman) - namely molecular nanotechnology (MNT) - is set out. The extreme shortcomings of the synthetic techniques of today’s material science are described. A brief background to MNT is given, including a summary of the debate between Smalley and Drexler. The simple theoretical resolution to this debate (multitasking) is given and contrasted with single purpose synthetic techniques. The remaining ‘causality dilemma’ is mentioned. The preferred materials of MNT (diamond and maybe silicon) are contrasted with the molecules of organic chemistry. A novel alternative (by Marson) to self or positional assembly for material synthesis is summarized - namely the directed evolution of mineral nanocrystals by utilizing affinity chromatography and microED technology (in preference to X-ray crystallography). The greater possibilities for self-assembly engendered by tailored nanocrystals are mentioned, as is the most obvious first use of mineral nanocrystals, namely dynamic catalysis.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Addressing Ten Fingers

Authors: Manaka Shunyuu
Comments: 58 Pages.

Processing combined Japanese Kana characters which are made by PC's Japanese 106 keyboard through a compact speech soft and so on in real time, we emit a sound over a speaker. If we specify speaking speed and pitch pointing a rectangle zone in a display with a head pointer and we send the two items of information to a compact speech soft or an outer interface and sound source, we get a singing sound by artificial voice.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

First-person Perspective on Personal Identity: Where Will I Wake Up?

Authors: Hailun Sun
Comments: 30 Pages.

Personal Identity is one of the hot topics in Western Philosophy. Among the various interpretations, the Reductionist explanation given by Derek Parfit has had a profound impact. However, his depersonalization of experience is counterintuitive and fails to sufficiently address the controversies surrounding the continued existence of the self, especially in scenarios involving Fission and Mind-Switching—where will I wake up? These conundrums epitomize the challenges faced by Reductionism. To resolve this predicament, we must first clarify the essence of personal identity. This paper begins with this question and then elucidates the specific meaning of the statement ‘I am X’—it signifies that ‘I am perceiving things from X’s first-person perspective’. Adopting this internal, first-person perspective, we re-examine the cases offered by Parfit, Williams, and others, reanalyzing their reductionist strategies. Our purpose is to address the fundamental controversies within philosophical literature and ultimately provide a complete explanation of the continued existence of the self over time.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

On the Origin, Emergence and Pathogenic Patterns of Acinetobacter Baumannii

Authors: Wilson McCord
Comments: 33 Pages. Attribution CC-BY-NC-ND: Anyone can share this material, provided it remains unaltered in any way, this is not done for commercial purposes, and the original authors are credited and cited.

Acinetobacter baumannii is a deadly Gram-negative species of bacteria whose virulence and resistance to antibiotics is threatening the lives of patients in hospitals across the globe. The examination of Acinetobacter baumannii’s virulent behaviour patterns in secluded synthetic, as well as ecological environments and; its acquisition of genes responsible for its persistence in sterile synthetic environments and those responsible for its lethality to humans reveal clear evidence of its recent artificial outbreak origin, virulent emergence and spread within healthcare facility populations around the World. A method of killing Acinetobacter baumannii is proposed based on the information presented herein.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The Remarkableness of The Triple of Numbers (Pi, 4, 10)

Authors: Aleksey Vaneev
Comments: 1 Page.

This paper presents a collection of facts relating the triple of numbers (Pi, 4, 10) to our human reality, the system of Sun-Earth-Moon, with an accuracy of 99.2% and higher.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The East and West Philosophies: A Comparison of Geometric and Algebraic Structures

Authors: Wen-Xiang Chen
Comments: 4 Pages.

The East and West philosophies are often compared based on their cultural differences and historical backgrounds. However, this paper aims to compare these two philosophical traditions using mathematical concepts. The Eastern philosophy can be compared to a geometric structure, where there is a strong sense of determinism and order. On the other hand, the Western philosophy can be compared to an algebraic structure, where there is a high degree of uncertainty and a need for observation and experimentation. This paper argues that these two structures represent different ways of understanding the world, and that both have their strengths and limitations.
Category: General Science and Philosophy