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[27] viXra:2504.0203 [pdf] submitted on 2025-04-30 21:59:50
Authors: Roberto C. M. Navacchia
Comments: 8 Pages. In Portuguese
The proposal of this article is the hypothesis of multiple inflationary scalar fields as analternative to the single Big Bang model. Instead of a single initial singularity, I suggest that the early universe was dominated by several scalar inflationary structures such as Turbulent Inflatons, where gravitational vortices formed amidst the cosmic chaos, and which later gave rise to galaxies. The exploration of the relationship between the formation of brown dwarfs and the evolution of cosmic structures, suggesting that these celestial objects can serve as evidence for this model. In addition, the inflationary metrics of these scalar fields and their influence on the cosmic microwave background, Computational Models create implications for a new cosmological paradigm.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[26] viXra:2504.0193 [pdf] submitted on 2025-04-30 23:02:17
Authors: Philip Asquith
Comments: 11 Pages.
This article uses the Symmetrical Reflected Radar Model (SRRM) that was described in viXra 2504.0064 to analyse special relativity. The SRRM was developed without making any assumptions about the definition of velocity so that the fundamental relationship between distance and time could be clearly identified. In the SRRM, the algebra of special relativity is reliably represented in a symmetrical spacetime diagram. The transformation equations and geometry of the SRRM describe two symmetrical orthogonal coordinate systems rotating as mirror images; one clockwise, the other anticlockwise, as relative velocity changes. In a transformation between the two symmetrical orthogonal coordinate systems of the SRRM, the spacetime interval is invariant using Pythagoras. It is concluded that, in a symmetrical model, spacetime in special relativity is Euclidian. The terms and equations of the SRRM are shown to be completely interchangeable with those of the generally used Lorenz Transformation. There is good evidence to conclude that the velocity term used in the SRRM is fundamental. Thus, the velocity term used in the Lorenz Transformation is an approximation to the fundamental definition of velocity. Almost all derivations of the Lorenz Transformation since special relativity was first described have been made after first assuming the definition of velocity. This unstated assumption has thus been a silent axiom of the theory, inherent in subsequent analysis, inevitably affecting the conclusions of the theory.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[25] viXra:2504.0184 [pdf] replaced on 2025-05-02 09:11:49
Authors: Holger Döring
Comments: 13 Pages.
Described is a Pseudo-Kasnermetric of local spacetime with shrinking timelike dimension -coordinate (TLD) as a solution of GRT gravity fieldequation. This metric leads to normal flatMinkowski-spacetime in time intervall of present time but changes with changing of timelikecoordinate from a 1-dimensional only timelike spacetime in early universe to a more 3-dimensionalpure spatial space in far future with only spacelike coordinates or dimensions (SLD) and shrinking timelike coordinate until it reaches the Planck-time. This whole description leads to the model of a spacetime with permanent shrinking timelike dimension and a prediction of maximal length of spacelike dimernsions through existence of a rip-length.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[24] viXra:2504.0182 [pdf] submitted on 2025-04-28 20:35:56
Authors: Philip Carmichael
Comments: 9 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)
We propose a cosmological model in which the universe is described as a 4-sphere: a non-Euclidean, inwardly expanding spacetime geometry. In this framework, past states of the universe are represented by concentric shells surrounding the central present, like nested Matryoshka dolls with increasing internal volume. Time flows radially inward from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) toward the present, resolving the horizon problem geometrically and reframing redshift as a consequence of progressive curvature rather than accelerating expansion. The model suggests that entanglement arises from global geometric constraints, not nonlocal signaling, and that inertial frames comoving with the CMB may be physically privileged. While the model is presented conceptually, it invites further mathematical development and may offer insights into dark energy, the Hubble tension, and the structure of spacetime itself.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[23] viXra:2504.0176 [pdf] submitted on 2025-04-28 19:34:24
Authors: Paolo Giordana
Comments: 32 Pages. Final version published on Zenodo. See DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/15299115
This work proposes a deeper development of chronovibrational theory by introducing the quantization of the temporal field psi(t), which is promoted to a quantum operator psi-hat(t) defined over a Hilbert space. Time is thus interpreted as a dynamic and quantizable physical variable, subject to observable residual fluctuations. This approach allows us to model the residual quantum imperfections of chronovibration - a decaying "cosmic beat" originating from the Big Bang - and provides a coherent framework for the emergence of time within a harmonic and dissipative cosmology.The aim is to predict measurable effects, including post-merger gravitational echoes, metrological instabilities, and interference phenomena induced by coupling with external fields. A chronovibrational transfer matrix is introduced, along with a set of experimental protocols - both passive (e.g., LIGO, atomic clocks) and active (e.g., ITER, modulated RF fields) - capable of falsifying or confirming the model. Energy dynamics are rendered conservative through a second scalar field Psi(t), acting as a vibrational memory and regulator of phase transitions.Overall, this model represents a first testable theoretical proposal for a quantum reformulation of time, unifying aspects of canonical quantum gravity, scalar-tensor theories, and emergent cosmology into a single observable harmonic structure. It does not claim to be exhaustive in any way.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[22] viXra:2504.0163 [pdf] submitted on 2025-04-26 19:27:19
Authors: Gene A. Harvey
Comments: 5 Pages.
This paper presents the first direct mathematical derivation of the number of subquantum grains constituting a gravitationally-condensed shell, using the electron as a case study. Under the ΛCGF (Lambda Condensed Gravitational Field) model, the electron arises not from indivisible point particles, but from volumetric encapsulations of gravitational field surrounding subquantum grains. Each grain, defined as a spherical field node of radius 8.08 × 10u207bu2074u2076 m, existing far below the Planck scale and serves as the true unit of field compression. Individually, when those grains are under compression, they give rise to the electromagnetic field.By treating the electron as a sphere bounded by classical radius (ru2091 ≈ 2.8179 × 10u207b¹u2075 m) and employing hexagonal close-packing principles, we derive a packing capacity of approximately 3.14 × 10u2079¹ grains. Further, this alternative derivation assumes a grain count of Avogadro’s number squared (≈ 3.627 × 10u2074u2077), and shows that this yields a gravitational condensation factor of 2.26 × 10-61 joules per grain, perfectly matching the observed rest mass-energy of the electron.This result confirms that classical gravitational curvature—not quantum mechanics—is the fundamental driver of the electron mass. The electron emerges as a stable configuration of subquantum grains under compression - rather than a pointlike entity requiring renormalization. This paper lays the groundwork for a general equation of grain composition for all baryonic matter and challenges conventional notions of mass-energy at quantum and cosmic scales alike.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[21] viXra:2504.0162 [pdf] submitted on 2025-04-26 19:26:41
Authors: Gene A. Harvey
Comments: 7 Pages.
This paper presents a comprehensive unification of gravitational and electromagnetic phenomena through the introduction of spin as the foundational property of spacetime fabric. Building upon the ΛCGF1 framework and the Spin Metric2, we demonstrate that angular momentum is not a secondary effect, but the primary generator of charge, magnetism, mass, and temporal progression. The subquantum grain lattice, when compressed and twisted under gravitational tension, naturally gives rise to electric and magnetic fields through rotational deformation. Matter itself emerges as a stabilized torsional structure—a standing wave of curved tension. By reframing all field interactions as the result of rotational strain within the compressed matrix of spacetime, we reconcile curvature (General Relativity) with field emergence (Electromagnetism) in a single dynamic principle. This work completes the Grand Unification long sought by Maxwell and Einstein, revealing that at the heart of every force and every form lies the same forgotten truth: Spin generates everything.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[20] viXra:2504.0155 [pdf] replaced on 2025-05-03 23:16:37
Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 24 Pages.
Conventional wisdom says that the formation of large-scale structures in cosmology follows from the evolution of density perturbations under the combined effect of gravitation and cosmic expansion. We survey here the reasons why this framework fails to hold in primordial cosmology, due to the severe limitations placed on the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) metric, the continuity hypothesis and the standard equations of fluid flows. We insist that understanding primordial cosmology must rely instead on a complex dynamics model of evolving dimensional fluctuations, conjectured to come into play far above the electroweak scale. A key outcome of this model is the universal generation of topological defects and condensates emerging from the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[19] viXra:2504.0146 [pdf] submitted on 2025-04-23 19:51:19
Authors: Robert Bennett
Comments: 3 Pages.
Einstein’s book tried to simplify public knowledge of Special Relativity by using his best example of simultaneity: the Train Thought experiment. In reality, it’s a logical train wreck. Assuming SoL = c in this train gedanken test leads to a reduced scope of SRu2026to only applying to stationary objects! [] The result is consistent with the aether wind model, both mathematically and empirically, as proven by Georges Sagnac 8 years after SR was published. The Challenge: refute that only a static - and useless - Special Relativity is valid
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[18] viXra:2504.0144 [pdf] replaced on 2025-10-01 06:32:32
Authors: Claudio Marchesan
Comments: 26 Pages. Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License
The recent observational capabilities of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) are opening new windows into the early universe, revealing distant galaxies whose apparent rapid formation poses significant questions to the standard ΛCDM cosmological model. Observations of galaxies at redshifts above 14 (see JADES-GS-z14-0), implying extremely old ages according to current FLRW metric-based distance assumptions, might stimulate a thorough reflection on fundamental cosmological principles. Will it be possible to explain all this without violating Hubble's law? But really, does violating the FLRW metric necessarily imply a violation of Hubble's law?The Big Bang theory remains a robust and widely accepted paradigm. Nevertheless, any of its potential modifications could have profound implications for related fields, including Quantum Field Theory. This raises a fundamental question: is there a basic aspect that needs a conceptual revision? Although ΛCDM has achieved remarkable successes, many of its validations implicitly assume the FLRW metric. Could this dependence potentially introduce circular reasoning into model verification?In this work, an alternative approach to the phenomenon of Galactic Redshift is proposed, offering a possible pathway for a careful modification of the ΛCDM model through the adoption of a non-FLRW metric. In this scenario, the Universe resides on the surface of a hypersphere expanding at a constant rate, with a radius growing as r = ct and with the Big Bang located at its center. This would explain why our physics manifests as if we were in a boundless system, despite the Universe having a finite volume: it suggests that, in the absence of Relativity, we would likely have been led to study an infinite and static universe.While other models propose a hypersphere expanding with r = ct, an analysis of their main features reveals fundamental differences. The novelty of the model presented here lies in its definition of the Hubble constant: its geometry suggests a linear relationship between galactic recession and the arc angle (not the arc length). This perspective does not contest the validity of Hubble’s law, but introduces different predictions about the past and the future, which cannot be determined solely from current observations.The use of the angle instead of the arc length produces significant implications, opening the possibility of applying Special Relativity to galactic recession. The redshift, which asymptotically approaches a time horizon of roughly 5 billion years after the Big Bang, implicitly explains why, at the boundaries of the observable Universe with JWST, we should not expect to see only "baby galaxies".Specifically, the 4-Sphere framework, often considered part of alternative cosmologies, could potentially be reconciled with the Standard Model. Based on supernova distance measurements, I suggest that the dismissal of a Doppler-type redshift interpretation for Galactic Recession might warrant further and careful reconsideration.As a pivotal outcome, we will ultimately illustrate how the 4-Sphere mode of operation implies that the spacetime structure must accommodate a universal speed limit, independent of direction or frame of reference. From this condition, the principles of Special Relativity follow directly: the constancy of the speed of light, the equivalence of inertial frames, and the Lorentz invariance of physical laws. This inductive methodology, synthesizing abstract thought and mathematical formulation, does not intrinsically furnish scientific proof; however, it undeniably strengthens the explanatory power of the model.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[17] viXra:2504.0137 [pdf] replaced on 2026-01-20 22:13:50
Authors: Werner Lange
Comments: 35 Pages. In German
When do galaxies modelled as comoving objects move away from the observer at speeds below or above the speed of light? And when and how can galaxies break through the below-above barrier? When do photons directed towards the observer move away from the observer? And why can photons directed towards the observer, which once travelled away from the observer at a large multiple of the speed of light, still reach the observer in the end? Two points in time are decisive, namely for galaxies globally (independent of light cones) the time of the transition from decelerated to accelerated expansion, and for photons (in addition to the extent of the deceleration of the recession in the early universe up to the transition time) per light cone apex the intersection between the surfaces of light cone and Hubble sphere.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[16] viXra:2504.0113 [pdf] submitted on 2025-04-18 13:40:08
Authors: Moshe Segal
Comments: 6 Pages.
The Nowadays Science of Physics states that when an external Force is exerted on any MassiveBody it causes an Acceleration of this Massive Body according to Newton's Second Law ofMotion, F=ma.From the above follows that, when an external Force is exerted on an Uncharged (Not Electrically Charged) Body, since that Body Accelerates according to Newton's Second Law of Motion, F=ma, then, this also implies, as will be presented also in this paper, that that Body acquires a Kinetic Energy equal to: mv2/2, according to the Newtonian Physics.But, if that Uncharged Body Accelerates according to Newton's Second Law of Motion, F=ma, this also implies, as will be also presented in this paper, that all the Work done by this external Force, is already manifested and embedded in the Kinetic Energy that that Uncharged Body acquired, because of the above-mentioned external Force which was exerted on it.However, if an external Force is exerted on an Electrically Charged Body, what was presentedabove might need some modifications.Because, if an Electrically Charged Massive Body does indeed Accelerates also according toNewton's Second Law of Motion, F=ma, and all the Work done by the external Force exerted onit, is already manifested and embedded in the Kinetic Energy embedded in this ElectricallyCharged Massive Body, then this cannot explain the origin of the Extra Energy that anElectrically Charged Body acquires when it Accelerates, which is manifested in theElectromagnetic Waves it emits and the Magnetic Field that surrounds it when it moves.A possible resolution to the above stated dilemma might be, as presented in this paper, that Newton's Second Law of Motion, F=ma might not be the proper equation which should be usedto calculate the Acceleration that an Electrically Charged Body acquires, when an external Force is exerted on it.This might provide extra support to what is already presented in additional papers, by the author of this paper, which also present the above possibility.The above-mentioned additional papers also propose an experiment.Thus, what is presented in this paper might provide extra support to the statement that animplementation of the above-mentioned experiment, might be an important endeavor.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[15] viXra:2504.0102 [pdf] submitted on 2025-04-15 22:11:50
Authors: James Conor O'Brien
Comments: 17 Pages.
The concept of Spacetime Impedance as a tensor quantity Z_{μν} is introduced and derived from the Einstein-Hilbert action and demonstrates itsrelation to the energy-momentum tensor. By contracting this tensor, we obtain a scalar quantity Z proportional to the energy density of the universe, establishing a relationship between spacetime geometry and fundamental physical quantities. This model allows for an impedance-matching condition between theEuclidean and Lorentzian domains, potentially influencing our understanding of wave transmission, tunnelling between these spacetime manifolds, and allows a mechanism for the Big Bang, and Dark Energy in extragalactic voids.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[14] viXra:2504.0092 [pdf] submitted on 2025-04-14 10:39:28
Authors: Alexander Rozenkevich
Comments: 8 Pages.
This paper presents a relativistic model of a rotating dust sphere without gravity, in which the geometric deformation is caused solely by kinematics. The calculations are based on the method used by the author of the article to calculate a relativistic disk. Based on the analytical expression for the vertical deformation as a function of radius, angle and angular velocity, the effect of rotation on the geometry, perimeters and volume of the sphere is analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the asymmetry of expansion between the equatorial and polar regions.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[13] viXra:2504.0091 [pdf] submitted on 2025-04-14 19:33:20
Authors: Alexander Rozenkevich
Comments: 8 Pages.
This paper presents a relativistic model of a rotating dust sphere without gravity, in which the geometric deformation is caused solely by kinematics. The calculations are based on the method used by the author of the article to calculate a relativistic disk. Based on the analytical expression for the vertical deformation as a function of radius, angle and angular velocity, the effect of rotation on the geometry, perimeters and volume of the sphere is analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the asymmetry of expansion between the equatorial and polar regions.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[12] viXra:2504.0089 [pdf] submitted on 2025-04-14 19:27:41
Authors: Rik Gielen
Comments: 16 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)
The most important argument on which the big bang theory rests is the cosmic background radiation CMB. We undermined this argument and so the big bang could be kicked out. We proposed our own phenomenon that is responsible for the radiation that is measured: the cosmic foreground radiation CMF, the quantum fluctuations of the 3C energy. One of the striking problems in modern physics is the asymmetry between matter and antimatter in the universe. Baryogenesis is insufficient to explain this. We solved this problem by proposing a twin universe of universe and anti-universe, each in its own space, which implies the preservation of symmetry between matter and antimatter. The twin universe view is also to the detriment of the big bang.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[11] viXra:2504.0086 [pdf] submitted on 2025-04-14 00:45:57
Authors: Joseph Bakhos
Comments: 21 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
Euclidean Cosmology (EC) is introduced as an alternative framework to General Relativity (GR) and the ΛCDM model. EC retains Euclidean space and proposes that gravity is a residual effect of electromagnetism rather than a fundamental force. The theory replaces the standard expansion model with cyclic expansion and contraction phases governed by large-scale gravitational oscillations. The redshift in EC is explained through a combination of Dopplermotion and a refined tired-light mechanism. Time dilation and light deflection arise from neutrino scattering rather than space-time curvature, preserving a Euclidean structure.EC naturally explains the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) power spectrum without requiring inflation, aligns with observed large-scale structure, and provides a resolution to the Hubble tension within a non-expanding spaceframework. The theory predicts a self-regulating cosmic equilibrium maintained by an outer shell of the intergalactic medium, preventing energy loss and sustaining cyclic dynamics. The observed galactic rotation curves, large-scalefilament-and-void cosmic structures, and elemental recycling in Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are also consistent with the EC gravitational model.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[10] viXra:2504.0085 [pdf] submitted on 2025-04-12 22:31:58
Authors: Aswan Korula
Comments: 21 Pages.
The Conjoined Spherical Triangle (CST) framework introduces a novel approach to unifying general relativity and quantum mechanics through the concept of a computationally aware space-time. This paper presents the CST as a geometrical model that integrates gravitational dynamics and quantum phenomena, treating space-time notonly as a passive arena for physical processes but as an active, informationally dynamic system. We explore how the four laws of theCST—path law, area law, duality law, and entropy law—encode both space-time curvature and quantum state evolution. By embedding quantum information within the geometry of space-time, the CST framework offers a geometrically grounded interpretation of quantum entanglement, superposition, and the wavefunction collapse. Furthermore, the CST provides a pathway for addressing key challenges in quantum gravity, such as the black hole information paradox and the unification of quantum mechanics with general relativity. The potential applications of the CST extend to high-energy physics, cosmology, and quantum field theory, where it serves as a computationally aware medium for processing both gravitational and quantum information. This paper highlights the CST framework’s potential to bridge the gap between gravitational systems and quantum states, offering a promising new direction for the future of theoretical physics.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[9] viXra:2504.0064 [pdf] submitted on 2025-04-09 08:09:23
Authors: Philip Asquith
Comments: Pages.
A Symmetrical Reflected Radar Model (SRRM) for Special Relativity is described. It analyses radar reflection using the Bondi k-calculus in a symmetrical spacetime diagram. Complete agreement is shown between the algebra of Special Relativity and its geometrical representation in the SRRM using Euclidian geometry. In the SRRM, the pairs of orthogonal axes; t’, x, and t, x’, which all have the same scale, can be considered as a symmetrical pair of Euclidian coordinate systems. The invariance of the spacetime interval in a transformation from the t’, x to the t, x’ coordinate system is shown using Pythagoras. Thus, in a transformation from the t’, x to the t, x’ system (and vice versa) spacetime is Euclidian.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[8] viXra:2504.0052 [pdf] submitted on 2025-04-07 06:40:34
Authors: Zhuopeng Xian
Comments: 11 Pages.
Through Wick rotation, and the holomorphic and residue theory of energy-momentum complex functions, some formulas for wave theory, relativity, and quantum mechanics are derived. Also, the connections implied by various branches of physics such as classical mechanics, relativistic mechanics, wave theory, thermodynamics, and quantum mechanics are sought.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[7] viXra:2504.0047 [pdf] submitted on 2025-04-06 22:24:22
Authors: S. Panda, M. S. Modgil
Comments: 10 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
Cepheid variable stars are among the most important standard candles in observational cosmology, exhibiting periodic variation in brightness. In this work, we propose a novel geometric model to explain their pulsation using a time-periodic spacetime with modulated causal structure. Specifically, we introduce a time-dependent metric coefficient $g_{tt}(t)$ driven by a brightness-inspired function that mimics asymmetric Planck-like emission. This leads to oscillating light cones, whose angles encode the gravitational basis for observed Cepheid variability, as a consequence of causal dynamics in the spacetime geometry.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[6] viXra:2504.0036 [pdf] submitted on 2025-04-05 18:53:41
Authors: Adolfo Santa Fe Dueñas
Comments: 10 Pages.
We present a graviton-based reinterpretation of relativistic mass increase grounded in the Quo Vadis Effect (QVE), a framework in which gravitational interactions are mediated by finite-speed messengers, without invoking spacetime curvature or Lorentz transformations. Applied to the Bertozzi experiment, where electrons accelerated through known voltages exhibit an asymptotic velocity limit, we show that the observed behavior arises from Doppler-like modulation of gravitational signaling.In this view, the effective mass perceived by the calorimeter is not an intrinsic property, but a result of the timing and momentum of incoming gravitons. The familiar relativistic correction factor γ(v) emerges naturally as a geometric average of two distinct signal regimes: a blue-shifted approach phase, termed the "Mustard Seed Effect", and a red-shifted attenuation phase during deceleration.This mechanism reproduces the predictions of Special Relativity while offering a Newtonian interpretation rooted in finite-speed information transfer. The QVE also generalizes to other phenomena, such as Mercury’s perihelion precession and cosmic expansion, where apparent mass varies with interaction geometry and duration. These findings suggest a broader framework in which relativistic-like effects emerge from the dynamics of signal perception, bridging classical, relativistic, and potentially quantum domains.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[5] viXra:2504.0034 [pdf] submitted on 2025-04-04 02:05:37
Authors: Azzam Almosallami
Comments: 2 Pages.
In this paper we shall prove how the Galilean principle of relativity is not true physically and according to that by refusing the Galilean principle of relativity in Special relativity theory SRT, and according to the constancy of the speed of light, then this is leading to SRT to be conformally invariant.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[4] viXra:2504.0030 [pdf] submitted on 2025-04-04 22:05:38
Authors: Marco Aurelio De Cunha
Comments: 3 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
This paper revisits the application of the Tolman surface brightness test in the con-text of a static, homogeneous, and isotropic universe with a uniform mass density D.The gravitational redshift z(R, D) is derived using the exact spherical metric withoutweak-field approximations. The apparent velocity v(R, D) is calculated relativistically,leading to the derivation of the luminosity distance RL through an integral approach.The implications of this framework on the Tolman test are explored, revealing a correc-tion that accounts for gravitational curvature effects. A detailed discussion is providedon the philosophical motivations behind Einstein’s original static model and its topo-logical finiteness, which aligns with modern LCDM models. Special attention is givento the historical oversight of gravitational redshift in static universe models, which ledto misinterpretations of observational data.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[3] viXra:2504.0012 [pdf] replaced on 2025-08-28 15:03:53
Authors: Gerald Malczewski
Comments: 21 Pages. Mathematical corrections have been made but with no material effect on the conclusions.
This paper is a natural continuation of an earlier paper of light path models and investigates the mathematical implications of geodesic light trajectories within a Schwarzschild metric gravitational field. We focus on a model expressed as infinite Taylor series expansion and its finite cut-off counterpart. A comparison is then made against another existing model that is expressed in closed form not requiring an infinite series and which requires a Jacobian elliptic function. Under some restriction of the mass of the central gravitating body these different models were previously shown to be equivalent. Using these results, some mathematical relationships are then derived. Additionally, we decompose the light path equation into an infinite set of ‘gravitational components, somewhat akin to techniques used in Fourier analysis.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[2] viXra:2504.0008 [pdf] replaced on 2025-04-21 00:36:41
Authors: Varun Verma
Comments: 28 Pages.
Motivated by the observation made by R. H. Dicke in 1957 that the speed of light seems to be correlated with the gravitational potential of the entire universe, we develop a spatially-variable speed of light theory of gravity based on a gravitational wavefunction. The gravitational wavefunction is treated as a fundamental property of matter, while the gravitational potential and resulting forces derived from it are emergent properties which are critically dependent on the distribution of mass on both local and global scales throughout the universe. We then show that the theory leads naturally to an association of gravitation with zero-point fluctuations of the electromagnetic field in the Dirac gauge, with the amplitude and frequency of the fluctuations constrained by the gravitational potential. The theory is free of gravitational singularities. It is capable of reproducing the Schwarzschild metric and is therefore consistent with tests of general relativity. It allows a first-principles calculation of the numerical value of the cosmological constant and the size of the universe using only the speed of light and the average density of ordinary matter in the universe which agrees closely with the observed values. Finally, it numerically predicts the approximate critical acceleration in modified Newtonian dynamics theory (MOND), providing an alternative explanation for dark matter. This shows that the theory may have value in explaining cosmological observations which are currently attributed to dark matter and dark energy.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[1] viXra:2504.0002 [pdf] submitted on 2025-04-01 22:16:13
Authors: Valery Borisovich Morozov, Ricardo Gobato
Comments: 11 Pages.
In 1915, Einstein, simultaneously with the gravitational field equation, obtained a simplifiedversion of this equation. Schwarzschild found an exact solution to this version. The articlediscusses the features of the simplified version of the Einstein equation and its asymptoticproperties.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
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