Relativity and Cosmology

Mach's Principle: The Origin of the Inertial Mass (II)

Authors: Wenceslao Segura González
Comments: 16 Pages.

We find that the force of inertia acting on an accelerated body is the result of the action of the gravitational induction force produced by the relative movement of the Universe as a whole, which fully confirms the Mach's Principle. The calculations are developed with the linearized theory of General Relativity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

The Critical Fermion Density of the Universe Revisited: Role of Holography in MHCE8S Theory

Authors: George R. briggs
Comments: 3 Pages.

Abstract: A MHCE8S theory value for the critical fermion density of the universe is found in better agreement with that published thanks to holography
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

The True Nature of the Mass

Authors: Francesco Ferrara
Comments: 6 Pages.

The document assumes a model for the electron as a current loop and qualitatively demonstrates that the inertia of matter has an essentially electrical nature
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

On the Nature of Dark Energy, Cosmological Constant and Dark Matter

Authors: Ramón Isasi
Comments: 17 Pages. Some updates were made.

In the present essay, we consider the origin of the dark energy, cosmological constant andthe dark matter. The dark energy, is consequence of the annihilation of the matter - antimatterat the very beginning of the big bang. This dark energy was the origin and cause of the cosmological expansion and the past and present creation of the whole space. We take intoaccount the presence of the call "dark" matter as consequence of highly excited hydrogen andhelium Rydberg’s atoms in perfect equilibrium with the CMB radiation. The cosmologicalconstant is considered as an arbitrary ad hoc anti gravitational entity. Finally, we note that the Casimir effect, as a suitable and truly efficient physical method and a reliable resource in the experimental determination of the dark energy.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Special Relativity is Wrong ( New Theory of Relativity)

Authors: Yaseen Ali Mohamed Al Azzam
Comments: 14 Pages.

This paper is to show how wrong assumptions and derivations were used to conclude the formulas for time dilation, length contraction and relativistic mass. When dealing with such a theory which was never been proved experimentally, its mathematical origin and compliance with fundamentals of physics should be checked before starting to struggle in imagining what observers observe from different frames of reference or how behaviors change as this speed or that. The factor α which defines relativistic mass came from a misunderstanding of the nature of motion at the speed of light and as a correction factor to correct the mistake made in the second Lorentz transformation equation of special relativity generated by multiplying (vt) by the same factor used for ct`.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

The Error in the 2nd Exact Solution of Schwarzschild for Incompressible Fluid and a Realistic Fluid Solution According to the Theory of Total Relativity

Authors: Pablo Hernan Pereyra
Comments: 7 Pages.

It is shown that Schwarzschild's 2nd exact solution to the General Relativity Theory is not physically plausible due to the violation of energy conservation in the 5th dimension interpreted as mass. A physically plausible realistic solution of Fluid is given according to the Total Relativity Theory where density and pressure are directly proportional to the gravitational force within the fluid distribution.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Better and Deeper Quantum Mechanics! Thoughts on a New Definition of Momentum That Makes Physics Simpler and More Consistent

Authors: Espen Gaarder Haug
Comments: 18 Pages.

We suggest that momentum should be redefined in order to help make physics more consistent and more logical. In this paper, we propose that there is a rest-mass momentum, a kinetic momentum, and a total momentum. This leads directly to a simpler relativistic energy–momentum relation. As we point out, it is the Compton wavelength that is the true wavelength for matter; the de Broglie wavelength is mostly a mathematical artifact. This observation leads us to a new relativistic wave equation and a new and likely better QM. Further, we show that Minkowski space-time is unnecessarily complex and that a simplified, special case of Minkowski space-time is more consistent with the quantum world. Also, we show how the Heisenberg principle breaks down at the Planck scale, which opens this area of physics up for hidden variable theories once again. Many of the mystical interpretations in modern QM are rooted in the development of an unnecessarily complex theory that drives much speculation and is therefore subject to many different and even conflicting interpretations.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Cosmological Gamma-Ray Bursts as a Result of Simultaneous "Evaporation" of Black Holes.

Authors: Bezverkhniy Volodymyr Dmytrovych, Bezverkhniy Vitaliy Volodymyrovich.
Comments: 11 Pages.

A new theory is proposed here a cosmological gamma ray bursts. In black holes, the matter annihilates with the formation of virtual photons (bosons), due to the lag of the gravitational field effect. The effect of the lag of the gravitational field leads to an increase in the speed of rotation of the black hole. But, since the rotation speed cannot exceed the speed of light in a vacuum, then at a certain “deformation” of the space-time continuum, inevitably begins the annihilation of matter with the formation of virtual photons (at the first stage). After complete annihilation, all virtual photons are one-momentally radiated and a become a real photons, therefore, we see a cosmological gamma-ray burst, early radiation did not occur due to the slowing down (actually stopping) of time in a black hole.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Everything's Relative, or is it

Authors: Edwin Eugene Klingman
Comments: 57 Pages.

The special theory of relativity has confused physicists for over a century, demolishing our intuitive understanding of time. Its success depends on two facts: 1) Einstein hid his false premise in the definition of inertial reference frame and then based all axioms on this, and 2) the proofs of time dilation, from muon to Hafele-Keating time differentials. Unlike quantum mechanics – with its Bohr, Bohm, Everett, and other interpretations – special relativity has only one interpretation: that of space-time symmetry. Herein I develop an energy-time conjugation interpretation offering a new way to interpret time dilation proofs.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Remark on Vacuum fluctuation as the Cause of Universe Creation: or How Neutrosophic Logic and Material Point Method May Resolve Dispute on the Origin of the Universe Through re-Reading Gen. 1:1-2

Authors: Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 11 Pages. This paper has been accepted and published by Asia Mathematika journal, mid april 2019. Comments are welcome

Questions regarding the formation of the Universe and what was there before the existence of Early Universe have been great interest to mankind of all times. In recent decades, the Big Bang as described by the Lambda CDM Standard Model Cosmology has become widely accepted by majority of physics and cosmology communities. Among other things, we can cite A.A. Grib & Pavlov who pointed out some problems of heavy particles creation out of vacuum and also other proposal of Creatio ex nihilo theory (CET). But the philosophical problems remain, as Vaas pointed out: Did the universe have a beginning or does it exist forever, i.e. is it eternal at least in relation to the past? This fundamental question was a main topic in ancient philosophy of nature and the Middle Ages, and still has its revival in modern physical cosmology both in the controversy between the big bang and steady state models some decades ago and in the contemporary attempts to explain the big bang within a quantum cosmological (vacuum fluctuation) framework. In this paper we argue that Neutrosophic Logic offers a resolution to the long standing disputes between beginning and eternity of the Universe. In other words, in this respect we agree with Vaas, i.e. it can be shown: “how a conceptual and perhaps physical solution of the temporal aspect of Immanuel Kant’s ” first antinomy of pure reason“ is possible, i.e. how our universe in some respect could have both a beginning and an eternal existence. Therefore, paradoxically, there might have been a time before time or a beginning of time in time.” By the help of computational simulation, we also show how a model of early Universe with rotation can fit this new picture. Further observations are recommended.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

The Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker Metric in de Sitter Spacetime

Authors: William O. Straub
Comments: 5 Pages.

The FLRW metric is derived for a pure de Sitter universe, showing that the cosmological constant is proportional to the Ricci scalar. As in the standard FLRW model, the fate of such a universe depends on whether the cosmological constant is positive, negative or zero.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Frame Dragging Lense-Thirring Time Dilation and More

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 3 Pages.

how the geometric phenomenon of Lense-Thirring relates to time and temporal elasticity
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Attribute Spaces and Flat Space Scalar Field Gravitation

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 11 Pages.

4 associated essays combined: attribute spaces, temporal elasticity, causality and antigravity, and flat space scalar field gravitation
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Acceleration Of Radio Wave From Reflection Symmetry

Authors: Eric Su
Comments: 3 Pages. All comments are welcome. Please include your email address and a short list of your publications.

The reflection symmetry is a physical property for inertial reference frames. It shows that the elapsed time in one inertial reference frame is identical to the elapsed time in another inertial reference frame. The same symmetry also leads to the conservation of the wavelength across inertial reference frames. The velocity of a wave is proportional to its frequency. Doppler effect shows that both the velocity and the frequency depend on the reference frame. The higher the detected frequency is, the faster the wave travels toward the detector. One example is the radar gun used by the traffic police. The reflected radio wave travels faster than the emitted radio wave. This results in frequency difference between two waves. This difference is used to calculate the velocity of a vehicle.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Energy and Metric Gauging in the Covariant Theory of Gravitation

Authors: Sergey G. Fedosin
Comments: 19 Pages. Aksaray University Journal of Science and Engineering, Vol. 2, Issue 2, pp. 0-0 (2018). doi: 10.29002/asujse.433947

Relations for the relativistic energy and metric are analyzed inside and outside the body in the framework of the covariant theory of gravitation. The methods of optimal energy gauging and equations for the metric are chosen. It is shown that for the matter inside the body a procedure is required to average the physical quantities, including the cosmological constant and the scalar curvature. For the case of the relativistic uniform system, the cosmological constant and the scalar curvature are explicitly calculated, which turn out to be constant values inside the body and are assumed to be equal to zero outside the body. Comparison of the cosmological constants inside a proton, a neutron star and in the observable Universe allows us to explain the cosmological constant problem arising in the Lambda-CDM model.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Evaluation of the Numerical Values of the Normalization Parameter 'a' and the Distance Scale 'alpha'

Authors: Ragil Brand Ndongmo Tsafack, Saleh Mahamat, Thomas Bouetou Bouetou, Timoleon Crepin Kofane
Comments: 2 Pages. This is the next work of our first paper viXra:1811.0097

Here we will determine the numerical values of 'a' and 'alpha' in order to determine with more precisions the impact of dark energy in the vicinity of a black hole
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Framework of Natural Cosmology

Authors: Wei Xu
Comments: 18 Pages.

As an application of Universal and Unified Physics*, the Natural Cosmology is harvested as a new theory prevailing over the current “Physical Cosmology” by transcending both Einstein's field equations and Friedmann equations with the ontological field equations and horizon field equations. Positioned at the third horizon of spacetime manifold, our cosmological field equation has not only substituted “general relativity”, but also extended the cosmological constant to the matrices of superphase modulations, dark energy waves and blackhole emissions. 

Consequently, we are presented the Christmas Gifts of 2018, revealing exceptionally secrets of the Natural Cosmology with horizon infrastructure, superphase modulation, entropy of dark energy, and lightwave or gravitation fields in the forms of dispersive or non-dispersive wave-packets, which orchestrate all types of life events essential to the operations and processes of creation, annihilations, reproduction and communication for natural formations and evolutions. 

____

* Principles of《Universal and Unified Physics》 vixra:1811.0261

Newton's Second Law is Valid in Relativity for Proper Time

Authors: Steven Kenneth Kauffmann
Comments: 7 Pages.

In Newtonian single-particle dynamics, time is invariant under inertial transformations, and the particle's speed has no upper bound. In special relativity, it is the particle's proper time, rather than an arbitrary observer's time, which is inertial-transformation invariant, and it is the particle's proper-time speed which has no upper bound. Thus it is reasonable to surmise that the proper-time version of Newton's Second Law is implicit in special-relativistic single-particle dynamics. In fact, gamma times the usual special-relativistic force on a particle equals its rest mass times its proper-time acceleration, and gamma of course goes to unity in the nonrelativistic limit. Furthermore, we show that the scalar potential, the four-vector (electromagnetic) potential and all analogous such tensor potentials, as well as the metric (gravitational) potential, each produces a proper force on the particle equal to its rest mass times its proper-time acceleration. It is to be noted that the Lorentz-covariant four-vector completion of proper-time acceleration, as well as of proper force, has only three components which are mutually independent.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Generalized Relativity Extended

Authors: Mavriche Adrian
Comments: 11 Pages.

The present document starts from the relative existence of the electromagnetic field, reaching through mental experiments to its connection with the gravitational field, without the necessity to resort to other space - time dimensions or supplementary "exotic" particles. The main idea is: Generalized Relativity says, through the Equivalence Principle, that local we cannot distinguish between the effects of an accelerated movement (effects of an acceleration field) and the effects of a gravitational field. Knowing that an electron located in a field of acceleration (accelerated) will radiate in report to an observer outside of the acceleration field effect, then through the aforementioned equivalence, and an electron being at rest in a gravitational field, has to radiate in reference to an observer who is outside of that gravitational field. In conclusion, it explain why we have expansion "super-accelerated" of the universe, without the necessity of dark energy.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Flat Space Scalar Field Gravitation

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 4 Pages.

an intuitive investigation of conventional GR and TET, temporal elasticity theory
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

The Superfast Cosmophoton Enables Us to Contact the Center of Our Galaxy in 0.6 x 10^-4 Second

Authors: George R. briggs
Comments: 1 Page.

Abstract: I have (October, 2017) first described a superfast photon, called the cosmophoton, which can traverse the maximum expanse of our holographic universe in 2000 seconds.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Is Special Relativity Really Tested Empirically?

Authors: Jorma Jormakka
Comments: 16 Pages.

All elements of special relativity, like the Lorentz transform, time dilation, space contraction, moving mass and E=mc^2 are said to be verified empirically beyond any doubt. While checking a discrete model of space I was surprised to notice that these experiments cannot distinguish between the Lorentz transform and the coordinate transform in my discrete model. There were also a lack of clarity in what frame of reference the formula for moving mass is differentiated to give E=mc^2. In the discrete model E=mc^2 follows easily from basic concepts. My conclusion is that the special relativity theory is not tested well enough and the principle that there is no preferred frame of reference should be revised.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Time and Relative Reflection Symmetry

Authors: Eric Su
Comments: 2 Pages. All comments are welcome. Please include your email address and a short list of your publications.

The relative reflection symmetry exists for an isolated system of two stationary persons. The first person sees the second person in a distance away. The second person sees the first person in the same distance away but in the opposite direction. Such symmetry also exists for two mobile persons. Both persons see each other moving at the same speed but in opposite direction in their own rest frames. From the definition of velocity, the time in the rest frame of the first person can be compared to the time in the rest frame of the second person. The result shows that the time in the rest frame of the first person differs from the time in the rest frame of the second person by a constant. Two simultaneous events in one inertial reference frame are also simultaneous in another inertial reference frame.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

In Cosmology, C2=const is the Measure of Inertia, not Mass

Authors: Milan D. Nešić
Comments: 10 Pages.

It is understandable that in 1916 Einstein was unable to explain his postulate c=const, that in the case of the lightning and the train that moves on the railway embankment he still tacitly implied that the inertial coordinate system which is at rest has advantage over the one in motion. In serious scientific journals, there are no tries of explanations of this postulate, but it is strange that even today, at popular lectures, Einstein's explanation is taken as valid. It isn't difficult to show that his explanation is not valid; it is difficult to find the right explanation without trying to form an alternative theory. The article is dedicated to this goal. The found explanation will also serve to explain, for example, the EPR-paradox without any “spooky action at a distance” or “hidden variables” (Einstein’s expressions). And this is not the only example where it can serve.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

About the Universe

Authors: Peter H. Michalicka
Comments: 4 Pages.

A time scale of the Universe will be shown in all details. It starts with the existence of the first information (0/1) Bit and the probability of God or the Creator of the Universe. Step by step are comming dimensions within the Universe until the 4-dimensionsal Universe of General Relativity Theory (GRT) is created.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

2 Things Science Hates for Good Reasons and More

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 4 Pages.

why science hates time travel and antigravity, why they're impossible, and what the implications are for antimatter
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Hypersphere Cosmology 3.

Authors: Peter J Carroll
Comments: 3 Pages.

Abstract. This paper presents core the equations and physical principles of Hypersphere Cosmology drawn together in summary from a number of the authors previous papers. It presents an alternative interpretation of observed cosmological data to that currently used in the Standard Model.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

3 Ways for Him to Swing

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 5 Pages.

the ways antimatter can interact with time are explored and the consequences of the only viable option are enumerated, theory detailed, test proposed, and casual finale
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Temporal Elasticity Gravitation and Antimatter

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 3 Pages.

a concise treatment of gravitation and antimatter using temporal elasticity as mediator
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Accelerated Frames of Reference Without the Clock Hypothesis: Fundamental Disagreements with Rindler

Authors: Francois Ritter
Comments: 21 Pages.

Based on an intuitive generalization of the Lorentz Transformations to non-inertial frames, this study presents new coordinates for a hyperbolically accelerated reference frame. These coordinates are equivalent to the Rindler coordinates exclusively at small times due to the loss of the clock hypothesis. This hypothesis is considered an excellent but fundamentally incorrect approximation for longitudinal motion. The proper acceleration of a hyperbolically accelerated particle is no longer constant and its proper time progressively slows down until becoming constant at the speed of light. This is in agreement with the timeless nature of photons. An event horizon beyond which any information cannot reach the particle is still present and is identical to the Rindler horizon. More importantly, a time dependent factor appears in the metric that could profoundly change our understanding of the space-time dynamic.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Modified General Relativity

Authors: Gary Nash
Comments: 18 Pages.

A modified Einstein equation of general relativity is obtained by using the principle of least action, a decomposition of symmetric tensors on a time oriented Lorentzian manifold, and a fundamental postulate of general relativity. The decomposition introduces a new symmetric tensor $ \varPhi_{\alpha\beta} $ which describes the energy-momentum of the gravitational field itself. It completes Einstein's equation and addresses the energy localization problem. The positive part of $ \Phi $, the trace of the new tensor with respect to the metric, describes dark energy. The cosmological constant must vanish and is dynamically replaced by $ \Phi $. A cyclic universe which developed after the Big Bang is described. The dark energy density provides a natural explanation of why the vacuum energy density is so small, and why it dominates the present epoch of the universe. The negative part of $ \Phi $ describes the attractive self-gravitating energy of the gravitational field. $\varPhi_{\alpha\beta} $ introduces two additional terms into the Newtonian radial force equation: the force due to dark energy and the $\frac{1}{r}$ "dark matter" force. When the dark energy force balances the Newtonian force, the flat rotation curves and the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation are obtained. The Newtonian rotation curves for galaxies with no flat orbital curves, and those with rising rotation curves for large radii are described as examples of the flexibility of the orbital rotation curve equation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Is Mass Electric Charge? The Photon in the 5th Dimension and Reissner Nordström Solution for Theory of Total Relativity

Authors: Pablo Hernan Pereyra
Comments: 5 Pages.

A particle solution is obtained, interpreted as being the Photon, with mass and electric charge, using the Null Quantum tensor in 5th dimension according to Theory of Total Relativity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Special Interference

Authors: Emil Gigov
Comments: 3 Pages.

Light also has inertia and variable speed.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

The Completely Inclusive Scientific Faith and Its Principle of Natural Laws: The Trinity Theory

Authors: Yansha Yu-sandstrom
Comments: 81 Pages.

何谓《自然规律原理》? 上承人类社会迄今为止包容完满理解失传的古代文明文化中，方式方法异曲同工的信 仰理念法则，例如：《圣经》延承古希腊古罗马哲学演绎出的上帝“三位一体”法则及其 代表符号“十字架”；《古兰经》演绎出的“阿拉星月”符号律法；佛教“三身佛”法及 其代表符号“旋转十字架”；中国《易经》易理“一阴一阳之谓道”及其代表符号“阴阳 球”；中国《道德经》“三一之道法自然”及其与《易经》通用的代表符号“阴阳球”； 以及有利于基督教和伊斯兰两个世界相互沟通的“雌雄同体巴风特（Baphomet）”等； 下启“包容完满的科学信仰”及其“共性原则个性规律共通共识”的三大相辅相成缺 一不能完整阐明任何人事物的自然法则（本版以健全的数学“宇宙自然常变/不变整 数”、“宇宙自然常变数集”，结合物理健全量化的频率结构和相对论、化学健全的溶合 还原等，全方位予以展现和展开）； 在不排斥全体人类认知认证基础上，包容全面地阐明万事万物各自自身及其彼此相互 “三位一体”的组成存在方式和组成存在关系；方式方法异曲同工地翻译、互补和建立健 全人类不同文明文化信仰学科共同具有的存在道理。《自然规律原理》，为科学时代的科学人类，从各自身心条件等立场属性出发走向和 解共识，共建“地球人类现代化理解平衡和合发展三位一体科学社会联邦公德保障秩序自 洽制度”这一首要任务，奠定理论沟通基础；为人类联邦走向宇宙，成为合乎自然深广发 展法则的宇宙智慧公民，融入自律和谐的宇宙智慧生命行列，护航。
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Tet Cont'd

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 6 Pages.

temporal elasticity theory is detailed and established on firm foundation
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Mach's Principle: the Origin of the Inertial Mass (I)

Authors: Wenceslao Segura González
Comments: 9 Pages.

We show that the forces of inertia acting on the accelerated bodies are forces of gravitational induction exerted by the whole of the Universe. Therefore, the phenomenon of inertia and the inertial mass of a body have a cosmic origin, as demanded by the Mach's principle. The calculations will be applied to a vector gravitational field theory. In a second part of this research we will apply these results to the General Theory of Relativity
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Special Relativity Leads to a Trans-Planckian Crisis that is Solved by Haug’s Maximum Velocity for Matter

Authors: Espen Gaarder Haug
Comments: 6 Pages.

In gravity theory, there is a well-known trans-Planckian problem, which is that general relativity theory leads to a shorter than Planck length and shorter than Planck time in relation to so-called black holes. However, there has been little focus on the fact that special relativity also leads to a trans-Planckian problem, something we will demonstrate here. According to special relativity, an object with mass must move slower than light, but special relativity has no limits on how close to the speed of light something with mass can move. This leads to a scenario where objects can undergo so much length contraction that they will become shorter than the Planck length as measured from another frame, and we can also have shorter time intervals than the Planck time. The trans-Planckian problem is easily solved by a small modification that assumes Haug’s maximum velocity for matter is the ultimate speed limit for something with mass. This speed limit depends on the Planck length, which can be measured without any knowledge of Newton’s gravitational constant or the Planck constant. After a long period of slow progress in theoretical physics, we are now in a Klondike “gold rush” period where many of the essential pieces are falling in place.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology