Social Science

Reflections on the War in Ukraine and the Emerging World Order

Authors: Gennady Shkliarevsky
Comments: 43 Pages.

The article offers reflections on several issues relevant to the war in Ukraine and its consequences. It will examine the interplay of processes, both global and local, that led to the emergence of the Maidan movement and shaped its agenda. The failure of the Maidan to realize this agenda created political vacuum that was filled by Ukrainian nationalists. The ascension of Ukrainian nationalists to power and their attempts to Ukrainianize Ukraine was a development that played a critical role in the eruption of the war. The strategy pursued in the Ukrainian war by the partnership between the Ukrainian nationalist government and its Western sponsors is another important issue to be addressed. This strategy has been singularly unsuccessful. The article will try to explain the reasons for its failure. The war in Ukraine is part of the global turmoil that engulfs the world today. The outcome of this war will undoubtedly have global effects. The article will discuss some consequences that the war has already produced and that are currently shaping the emerging world order.
Category: Social Science

Exploring Gotong-Royong Culture in Indonesia: More Than Just Reciprocal Acts of Kindness, but Cooperative Collective Dynamics

Authors: Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache, Iwan Pranoto
Comments: 8 Pages. submitted to an upcoming conference to be held in December 2024. Comments and advises are welcome

Gotong royong, a tradition passed down from ancestors, especially in Indonesian culture, is not just a reciprocal act of kindness. Behind its enthusiasm, there is an interesting phenomenon that reflects cooperative collective dynamics, like a colony of birds flying in groups to form beautiful patterns in the sky. Mutual cooperation is like a collective symphony, where individuals synchronize steps to achieve a common goal. (submitted to an upcoming conference to be held in December 2024)
Category: Social Science

Tourist Guide and Map, Meghalaya and the Graphical Law

Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 18 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Further repetition will not be accepted)

We study the names of the places in the Tourist Guide and Map, Meghalaya, designed, cartographed, printed and published by Indian Map Service, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India,in the year 2016. We draw the natural logarithm of the number of names, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the Tourist Guide and Map, Meghalaya, can be characterised by the magnetisation curve, BP(4,$beta H=0$), in the Bethe-Peierls approximation of the Ising Model, in the presence of four nearest neighbours and in the absence of external magnetic field, $m=0$ or,$beta H= 0$.
Category: Social Science

Political Map of Northeast India and the Graphical Law

Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 18 Pages.

We study the names of the places in the Political Map of Northeast India.We draw the natural logarithm of the number of names, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the Political Map of Northeast India can be characterised by the magnetisation curve, BW(c=0), of the Ising Model in the Bragg-Williams approximation in the absence of external magnetic field, H, with $c=frac{ H}{gamma epsilon}=0$.
Category: Social Science

The Post-hegemonic World Order: The Case for [Lasting] Peace

Authors: Gennady Shkliarevsky
Comments: 49 Pages.

Tensions and rivalries are proliferating in the contemporary world at an unprecedented rate. There are many signs that human civilization faces a real possibility of a new global conflict. Some observers even claim that the Third World War has already began. There are few other times in human history when the need to bring order and peace to the troubled world has been more urgent than it is today. The creation of the new world order is the main subject of this article. The article examines four major perspectives on world order: Western, Chinese, Russia, and Islamic. The analysis shows that none of these perspectives offer a possibility to create an enduring global order. The creation of such order requires a solution of the problem of difference. This problem is a result of the clashes of differences that appear to be intrinsic to reality. The study shows that clashes among differences are not inevitable, and that the problem of differences is resolvable. The article outlines the approach that makes possible to solve the problem of difference and attain perpetual peace.
Category: Social Science

Dictionary of American Family Names by Elsdon C. Smith and the Graphical Law

Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 19 Pages.

We study Dictionary of American Family Names by Elsdon C. Smith. We draw the natural logarithm of the number of entries, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the Dictionary can be characterised by BP(4,$beta H=0.01$) i.e. a magnetisation curve for the Bethe-Peierls approximation of the Ising model with four nearest neighbours in the presence of external magnetic field, H, with $beta H=0.01$. $beta$ is $frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature and $k_{B}$ is the tiny Boltzmann constant.
Category: Social Science

Hindu Law in Greater India

Authors: Sunil Sondhi
Comments: 20 Pages. This Research is funded by Indira Gandhi National Center for Arts, Minstry of Cullture, Govt. of India

The idea that justice and good conscience must prevail over law reflects the notion of superiority of higher moral law over the limitations of man-made law. In India this is rooted in the fundamental Vedic principle that there is connection between the form and the formless, mundane and the divine, the means and the ends. As the Rig Veda says, amidst the undifferentiated source, great warmth of creation was born; and the sages who searched in the far reaches of their mind discovered the umbilical connection of manifest with the unmanifest. This holistic, creative and contextual view of Dharma and Dharmasastra is also evident in the countries which were influenced by the Indian Dharmasastra tradition. In Indonesia, Vietnam and Cambodia, the Dharmasastra tradition was accepted largely in its original form, although as the Kutara Manava Dharmasastra of Java shows, some modifications were made. In Tibet, Burma, Thailand, and Ceylon, the indigenous texts were an attempt to use the Indian tradition as a model in an environment entirely given over to the Buddhist faith. They retained the textual classification of contentious matters into Vyavaharapada or eighteen types; but the content of the texts was very much a matter of local rules. Thus, the Dharmasastra were not transplanted in other countries by the force of arms; rather, these were accepted as a guide to form and sustain indigenous traditions of ethics and law. On the basis of the considerable evidence from ephigraphical, and textual sources, it is possible to suggest that by the time Indian-inspired temples, statues and epigraphy appeared in Southeast Asia, sometime between the third and the fifth century CE, the relationship between Southeast Asian and Indian societies had probably already come a very long way through mutual interaction and awareness of the universal nature of India’s knowledge tradition. We need to go beyond the imagined vision of a sudden imposition of Indian culture, and Indianisation or Colonisation of South and Southeast Asia by warriors and sages. In a way, this paper raises the question as to whether Greater India was culturally Indianised through dissemination of India’s knowledge tradition before social and political ‘Indianisation?’
Category: Social Science

Dictionary of Sports by Dr. S.K.Srivastava and Ms. Tanvangi Singh and the Graphical Law

Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 19 Pages.

We study Dictionary of Sports by Dr. K.K. Srivastava and Ms. Tanvangi Singh. We draw the natural logarithm of the number of entries, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the Dictionary can be characterised by BP(4,$beta H=0.01$) i.e. a magnetisation curve for the Bethe-Peierls approximation of the Ising model with four nearest neighbours in the presence of external magnetic field, H, with $beta H=0.01$.$beta$ is $frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature and $k_{B}$ is the tiny Boltzmann constant.
Category: Social Science

The Future Collapse of the Global Human Population

Authors: Richard Michael Blaber
Comments: 17 Pages. Distributed under BY-NC-ND 4.0.

As a follow-up to a preceding paper (Blaber, 2024 [1]), this paper will supply a simple mathematical model of the collapse of the global human population coinciding with that of the advanced industrial capitalist society predicted therein, and expand on the thesis presented earlier, taking account of such issues as global supply chains and the vulnerability of nodes in complex systems, giving rise to social entropy. The super-exponential growth of human population was enabled by the extraction and burning of fossil fuels, and renewable forms of energy will not be able to sustain a remotely similar level of population.
Category: Social Science

A Dictionary of British Surnames by P. H. Reaney and the Graphical Law

Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 20 Pages.

We study A Dictionary of British Surnames by P. H. Reaney.We draw the natural logarithm of the number of entries, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the Dictionary can be characterised by BP(4,$beta H=0.01$) i.e. a magnetisation curve for the Bethe-Peierls approximation of the Isingmodel with four nearest neighbours in the presence of external magnetic field, H, with $beta H=0.01$.$beta$ is $frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature and $k_{B}$ is the tiny Boltzmann constant.
Category: Social Science

How Free Will, Determinism, Consciousness, and Time Interact with Information Storage and Loss

Authors: Davis C. Hayden
Comments: 5 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)

In the following, I will primarily use the concept of Information storage and information loss to first explain my understanding of consciousness. I will then show that there can be no such thing as determinism, not just at the quantum level, but also in daily living. Next, my understanding of what is free will, or the feelings that there is free will will be explored. Finally, I will present how time is also tied to this issue of lack of information. All of these "long discussed" concepts are, in my view, tied together in how our mind works and in how information, or lack of information plays an important role. This is a "thought" paper, however, most of the following bits and pieces can be backed up with academic papers, but I avoided that here to make for a short, easy to follow and I believe somewhat original thoughts on these complicated topics.
Category: Social Science

Transparency and Trust: The Impact of AI-Assisted and AI-Dominated Communication on Message Perception and Acceptance

Authors: Bryce Petofi Towne
Comments: 25 Pages.

This study investigates the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) involvement on the acceptance, perceived sincerity, and emotional richness of text-based communication. Building on Towne's (2024) framework, which distinguishes between AI-Assisted Communication (AI-AC) and AI-Dominated Communication (AI-DC), the study explores how these methods affect human perceptions of message quality. Two comprehensive studies were conducted using participants from the Credamo platform. Study 1 employed a between-subjects design to compare the impacts of AI involvement and disclosure conditions, while Study 2 utilized a within-subjects design to assess changes in perceptions before and after AI involvement disclosure. The findings reveal that while AI involvement does not significantly impact message acceptance, it reduces perceived sincerity and emotional richness, particularly when AI's role is disclosed. The study also highlights demographic influences, with gender and age affecting trust in AI-generated content. These results underscore the importance of transparency in AI-mediated communication and suggest strategies for managing AI disclosure to maintain trust. The research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on AI-mediated communication by validating Towne's framework and providing practical insights for integrating AI in communication processes.
Category: Social Science

"Night of the Long Knives"

Authors: Clark M. Thomas
Comments: 4 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: This article may not be appropriate and is subject to removal)

History and sociology can be seen as subsets ofpsychology within general systems theory. Socialpast, present, and future cannot escape each other.Donald Trump’s ego fascination with autocrats islinked to his idolizing the charismatic 1930sversion of Germany’s leader.
Category: Social Science

Illogical Categorization and Positive Associations in Product and Company Impressions: Experimental Studies from China

Authors: Bryce Petofi Towne
Comments: 27 Pages.

This research investigates Illogical Classification-Based Thinking (ICBT) and Positive Associations in shaping consumer impressions of products and companies. Two studies, involving 660 participants in China, examined how definite positive attributes and AI-generated visuals influence consumer perceptions. Findings indicate that both definite attributes and visuals significantly enhance positive impressions, with notable gender differences in responses. Female participants were more influenced by these factors than male participants. The study extends the Halo Effect theory, emphasizing the role of cognitive shortcuts in consumer behavior. Practical implications highlight the importance of strategic presentation of product attributes and visuals in marketing. Future research should explore cultural contexts and additional types of associations to further validate these findings.
Category: Social Science

In Search of More Actual and Humane Terms for Older Term of Human Resources Management

Authors: Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 6 Pages.

As we all know, change is the very nature of what is happening. What has not changed,"laments Hock, "is the mechanistic, hierarchical, command-and-control idea of organization that originated with Newton, Descartes, and the Industrial Age. That concept of organization," says Hock (not to mention the world view that spawned it), "is not only increasingly archaic and irrelevant, but it’s also antithetical to the human spirit... It has become a public menace." Therefore we are searching for a new and more inspiring term in lieu of conventional human resources management.
Category: Social Science

Illogical Classification-Based Thinking and Positive, Negative and Neutral Associations

Authors: Bryce Petofi Towne
Comments: 27 Pages.

This paper explores Illogical Classification-Based Thinking (ICBT) and its role in forming Positive, Negative, and Neutral Associations. Building on established theories such as the Halo and Horns Effects, and introducing Neutral Associations, this research examines how impressions lead to the automatic grouping of traits based on impressionistic judgments rather than logical reasoning. Using AI-generated images and a diverse participant pool, two studies were conducted: Study 1 confirmed the reliability of attractiveness categorizations, while Study 2 tested hypotheses related to trait associations. Results indicated that initial impressions significantly influence trait grouping across positive, negative, and neutral contexts, supporting the presence of ICBT. The integration of Kahneman's dual-process theory provided a comprehensive framework for understanding the cognitive processes involved. Findings have broad implications for social psychology, decision-making, consumer behavior, and organizational behavior, offering insights into how stereotypes and labeling are formed. Despite limitations such as sample representativeness and potential gender bias, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of impression-based judgments and cognitive categorization processes.
Category: Social Science

Understanding Collective Decision Making Through The Trend Effect Theory

Authors: Bryce Petofi Towne
Comments: 19 Pages.

Collective decision-making processes play a crucial role in shaping social, political, and organizational outcomes. While existing theories, such as the Social Norms Theory, Diffusion of Innovations Theory, and Bandwagon Effect, have provided valuable insights into these processes, they often fail to capture the dynamic and complex nature of collective decision- making. This paper introduces the Trend Effect Theory, a novel theoretical framework that aims to address the limitations of existing theories and provide a more comprehensive understanding of how trends influence group behaviors. The Trend Effect Theory is grounded in the notion of binary classification, categorizing actions into two types: do/don't do and support/oppose. It emphasizes the universal applicability of trends across various group sizes and highlights the dynamic nature of trend formation and evolution. The theory distinguishes between open and closed trends, explaining how external influences can alter the size and direction of a trend. It also identifies the causes of trend changes, such as internal reversal, external dilution, concurrent internal and external influences, and decrease in participation. The Trend Effect Theory focuses on aggregate outcomes rather than individual actions and acknowledges the context-dependency of trend emergence and evolution. By introducing a 70% threshold for determining trend establishment, the theory offers a clear criterion for understanding collective decision-making processes. This paper discusses the advantages of the Trend Effect Theory over existing theories, its scope and limitations, and the roles and dynamics of participants, non-participants, andTREND EFFECT 1 initiators in trend formation. The potential applications of the theory in various fields, such as marketing, political science, and organizational behavior, are also explored. The Trend Effect Theory provides a valuable framework for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners seeking to understand and influence collective decision-making processes in an increasingly complex and dynamic world.Keywords: Trend Effect Theory, collective decision-making, binary classification, trend dynamics, open and closed trends, initiators, followers, context-dependency
Category: Social Science

The Inevitable Collapse of Advanced Industrial Society [?]

Authors: Richard Michael Blaber
Comments: 26 Pages. Creative Commons License BY-NC-ND 4.0.

This paper will argue that the collapse of advanced industrial society is inevitable on a global scale in the near-term (i.e., in a matter of decades from present), and that, furthermore, it will be irreversible. Industrial society, generally, will be seen as an aberration or anomaly in human history, one costly in terms of human life and suffering, as well as ecological devastation, lasting no more than three hundred years from the start of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain in 1750 CE to its terminus in circa 2050 CE. If humanity is to survive, it must be in much smaller numbers, and with far less impact on the planet.
Category: Social Science

The Dharmasastra and Modern Law

Authors: Sunil Sondhi
Comments: 25 Pages. Indian concept of Dharma and the Dharmasastra texts constotuent the foundation of Indian tradition of law and jurisprudence.

In India, the social and cultural concepts of law that emerge out of the several frames of reference in the Veda, Dharmasastra, the constituent assembly debates and the judicial decisions, enable us to view the law in an integrative perspective that is closer to Indian cultural tradition. The value of such historical and sociological approach lies in its unifying vision of the social, cultural and positivist aspects of the concepts of law in Indian tradition. A juridical system that does not correspond to the social and cultural sensitivities of a society can not be owned by the people as their system but will be seen as something foreign and imposed. Without a conducive social and cultural conceptualization mere formal law cannot create willing legal and moral obligation. A holistic concept of law including both ethical and legal perspectives seems to provide a more realistic picture of Indian legal tradition.
Category: Social Science

Exploring the Impact of Artificial Intelligence-Mediated Communication on Bias and Information Loss in Non-academic and Academic Writing Contexts

Authors: Bryce Petofi Towne
Comments: 10 Pages. (Author name added to the article by viXra Admin as required - Please conform in the future!)

This paper aims to explore the impact of Artificial Intelligence-Mediated Communication (AI-MC), specifically through large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, Claude, and Gemini, on positivity bias and information loss in non-academic and academic writing contexts. Through a dual-study approach involving both non-academic and academic texts, the research will assess whether texts refined by LLMs exhibit a significant positivity bias compared to original texts and if they exacerbate the problem of information loss in text-based communication. Empirical tests will determine the presence of these phenomena by analyzing participants' perceptions and understanding of AI-refined versus original texts. Confirmation of the hypotheses would highlight the nuanced effects of AI-MC on communication accuracy and integrity, while disconfirmation would suggest the potential of LLMs to maintain objectivity and information fidelity in written discourse.
Category: Social Science

Exploring the Complexities of AI-Mediated Communication and Human-Machine Interaction

Authors: Bryce Petofi Towne
Comments: 8 Pages.

This paper delves into the intricate distinctions between Artificial Intelligence-Mediated Communication (AI-MC) and Human-Machine Communication (HMC), providing a thorough analysis of their definitions, applications, and impacts on human interactions. Through a comprehensive review of recent literature and the development of a novel conceptual framework, it differentiates AI-MC, where AI facilitates communication between humans under human oversight, from HMC, characterized by direct interactions between humans and AI systems. The study further introduces two subcategories within AI-MC: AI-Assisted Communication (AI-AC), where AI serves a supportive role in enhancing human-generated content, and AI-Dominated Communication (AI-DC), where AI takes a primary role in creating and disseminating content. The paper evaluates the ethical implications of AI in communication, focusing on issues of authorship, creativity, authenticity, and trust, especially in the context of Large Language Models (LLMs). It argues for human responsibility in AI-generated content and advocates for transparency in the use of AI in scientific publications and other knowledge dissemination forms. This theoretical exploration aims to clarify the evolving landscape of AI in communication studies, contributing to a more ethical and responsible future integration of AI technologies.Keywords: Artificial Intelligence-Mediated Communication (AI-MC), Human-Machine Communication (HMC), Large Language Models (LLMs), Artificial Intelligence Assisted-Communication (AI-AC), Artificial Intelligence Dominated-Communication (AI-DC), Ethical Implications of AI
Category: Social Science

Beyond Flesh and Fantasy: The Rise of AI in Reshaping the [Mature Material] Landscape

Authors: Chen Yu
Comments: 26 Pages.

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the [mature material] industry represents a significant paradigm shift, influencing not only the production and distribution of pornographic content but also societal perceptions and ethical considerations surrounding sexuality. This article [] delves into the historical context of technological advancements in [mature material], highlighting the current state of the industry and the role of digital platforms in content dissemination. It explores the advent of AI technologies, such as deepfake technology, AI-generated content, and interactive experiences, and examines their impact on content creation and personalization. Ethical considerations are addressed, including consent issues, exploitation concerns, and the psychological impact on consumers. The article also discusses the opportunities AI presents for creating safer, more inclusive content, enhancing sexual education, and developing new business models. Predictions for the future of AI in [mature material] are made, forecasting near-term developments and long-term visions for immersive experiences, alongside potential societal shifts. Recommendations are provided for industry stakeholders and policymakers to navigate the integration of AI responsibly. Ultimately, this article offers a comprehensive analysis of how AI is reshaping the [mature material] landscape, heralding a new era of digital sexuality that balances innovation with ethical responsibility.
Category: Social Science

PEMBARYA: The Learned Helplessness Experiences of Beggars in Pasig City

Authors: Georgia P. Cadion, Mary Joy A. Flores, Shantal M. Flores, Lerry Ann Kawabata, Kimverly A. Largado, Mykaila T. Legaspi
Comments: 12 Pages.

This research delves into the learned helplessness experiences of beggars in PasigCity. This study addresses how learned helplessness manifests in the lives ofbeggars, the internal and external factors that have contributed to the development of this condition, and the response strategies of those who experience learned helplessness. Previous research on this psychological phenomenon has been limited, with most of it occurring in Western or other Asian countries. ThePhilippine research community has not yet thoroughly examined learned helplessness in the Filipino context. Using a qualitative study approach that included comprehensive interviews and theme analysis, the researchers discoveredpatterns in how learned helplessness emerges in people's daily lives, such as hopelessness and a lack of self-efficacy, motivation, and life accountability. Internal and external factors, such as the perception of control over one's life and the level of accessibility to external resources, were frequently identified in participants'responses. Participants frequently opt for spiritual and cognitive avoidanceapproaches to respond to their learned helplessness experiences.
Category: Social Science

Dance as a Mental Health Therapy in the Metaverse: Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Dance Movement Therapy as a Non-Pharmacological Treatment in the Metaverse

Authors: Petar Radanliev
Comments: 27 Pages.

Introduction: This study conducts a detailed qualitative review of alternative therapies for mental health and proposes a novel design for integrating Non-Pharmacological Interventions into the Metaverse Extended Reality environments. Aim/Question: This study investigates the potential of the Extended Reality environments for Non-Pharmacological Interventions in Mental Health, with a specific focus on Dance Movement Therapy as a preventive and therapeutic strategy for anxiety, depression, and other mental health conditions.Method: This study conducts qualitative evidence syntheses of primary quantitative data and performs meta-analyses of existing studies of participants reporting anxiety, depression, or other mental health conditions. Results: Dance Movement Therapy in the Extended Reality environments shows promise as a viable alternative therapy, but data privacy and ethical considerations must be addressed.Discussion: This study raises significant concerns regarding the privacy and security of participants' data, necessitating the storage of only the metadata in electronically compatible files, in cases where users’ data is stored for long-term preservation. Implications for Practice: The outcomes of this study could revolutionise mental health practice, providing effective Non-Pharmacological Interventions for anxiety, depression, and other mental health conditions.
Category: Social Science

Cyber Diplomacy: Defining the Opportunities for Cybersecurity and Risks from Artificial Intelligence, IoT, Blockchains, and Quantum Computing

Authors: Petar Radanliev
Comments: 64 Pages.

Cyber diplomacy is critical in dealing with the digital era's evolving cybersecurity dangers and possibilities. This article investigates the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), Blockchains, and Quantum Computing on cyber diplomacy. AI holds the potential for proactive threat identification and response, while IoT enables international information sharing. Blockchains enable secure data sharing and document verification, but they also pose new threats, such as AI-driven cyber-attacks, IoT privacy breaches, blockchain vulnerabilities, and the potential for quantum computing to break encryption. This article conducts case study reviews in combination with secondary data analysis and emphasises the value of international cooperation in developing global norms and frameworks to control responsible technology adoption. Cyber diplomacy can promote cybersecurity, protect national interests, and foster mutual trust among nations in the digital sphere by capitalising on possibilities and reducing threats.
Category: Social Science

Magnus Thane of Halton Progenitor Hypothesis: Assheton, Kirkby and Nettleton Families

Authors: Stuart J. Nettleton
Comments: 12 Pages.

This Research Note investigates Magnus Thane of Halton as the Progenitor of the Assheton, Kirkby and Nettleton Families. Recent Y-DNA evidence is evaluated. The hypothesis is assessed through five sub-hypotheses. Although the hypothesis has a high probability of 78%, at this stage the absence of direct Y-DNA evidence in two critical phases of the chain of causality and consequential methodological reliance on inference leads to a lower confidence in the progenitor hypothesis of 52%. In other words, the hypothesis would pass the balance of probabilities criterion used in civil cases but would not yet pass the criterion used in criminal cases of being beyond reasonable double.
Category: Social Science

Unifying Gender Perspectives: Bridging the Divide with Gender Acknowledgement Theory

Authors: Bryce Petofi Towne
Comments: 12 Pages.

This paper introduces the Gender Acknowledgement Theory (GAT), a novel theoretical framework designed to expand and refine our understanding of gender identity. GAT challenges the traditional binary constructs of gender, advocating for a model that integrates both biological and psychological elements of gender identity. By proposing a spectrum that encompasses diverse gender expressions, GAT seeks to enhance societal recognition and acceptance of all gender identities. This study delves into the societal implications of a bifurcated approach to gender, especially focusing on non-binary identities and their societal acceptance and recognition in different cultural contexts, particularly in the United States and China. Through a comprehensive examination of literature and surveys, the paper highlights the evolving societal attitudes towards transgender and non-binary individuals and the challenges faced in achieving full societal integration. Additionally, GAT introduces an innovative set of gender-neutral pronouns inspired by Mandarin Chinese, offering a practical linguistic tool for more inclusive communication. This research contributes to the discourse on gender diversity by proposing a framework and language that foster deeper understanding and respect for the full spectrum of gender identities, aiming to catalyze change towards a more inclusive and empathetic society.
Category: Social Science

Deciphering the Wilton House Shakespeare Statue Scroll

Authors: Stuart J. Nettleton
Comments: 2 Pages. (Abstract added by viXra Admin)

The Wilton House Shakespeare statue scroll shows Macbeth's famous soliloquy upon the death of Lady Macbeth. There appears to be stenographic cipher in the unusual capital letters of scroll with an anagram solution "The woman who sustained Dyer's AA Fellowship" referring to Countess Mary (Sidney) Herbert whom the statue commemorates. This solution does not identify the Countess as an author. There is also an unsatisfactory solution that identifies to Christopher Marlowe as the sole author.
Category: Social Science

The Novum Trias Politica: Survey for New Three Vertices as Demarcating, Delegating, and Executing

Authors: Heejoong Gim
Comments: 7 Pages.

Since the system for Trias Politica has been accepted as standard form of government in history, it has not reflected innovation from below. For this matter, I survey the problems of system of present government, and look at the process the alternatives have risen. And then I would suggest new form of government as three vertices as demarcating, delegating, and executing.
Category: Social Science

The Myth of Renewable Energy

Authors: Richard Michael Blaber
Comments: 13 Pages. Creative Commons License BY-NC-ND 4.0.

It is often contended that all we need to do in order to solve the climate emergency is to transition from supplying our energy needs using fossil fuels to supplying them using renewable forms of energy. This paper will show that this idea is a myth, and that it does not take account of several important facts, not least of which are economic and population growth, and the immense political power, in all senses of the term, of the fossil fuel industry.
Category: Social Science

The Climate Emergency, the Biodiversity Crisis and the "Doomsday Argument"

Authors: Richard Michael Blaber
Comments: 28 Pages. Creative Commons License BY-NC-ND 4.0.

This paper will argue that the global capitalist economy was founded, and depends, on the consumption of fossil fuels, and the increase in supply of renewable energy in the next three decades will not alter that fact significantly, given both economic and demographic growth and Jevons’ Paradox. The resulting increase in fossil fuel consumption in that time, along with that increased economic activity and human population, which is already unsustainable, will lead to increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, further anthropogenic climate change, and loss of biodiversity. The so-called ‘Doomsday Argument’ predicts that the deleterious impacts of these effects will be so severe as to result in the extinction of our entire species.
Category: Social Science

The Equality Act Without Equality and America’s Conscience Crisis

Authors: Gennady Shkliarevsky
Comments: 75 Pages.

The promulgation of the Equality Act has created a conscience crisis in America. It has revealed a failure a failure to fulfill the promise of ensuring equal protection of rights and freedoms of all Americans. This study discusses the failure to provide equal protection to LGBTQ rights and religious freedom. Equal protection is the fundamental principle of American civilization. A failure to realize this principle poses an existential threat to the survival of American civilization. This is what constitutes the conscience crisis that we face today. The study explores the reasons for the failure. Following a brief overview of the history of the Equality Act the study provides a critical examination of the Equality Act. The angle that the examination takes focuses on the conflation of human rights and civil rights. The examination shows that the inadequate differentiation of human rights and civil rights has created confusion that led to tensions and conflicts. The study uses two documents to substantiate its analysis: the American Declaration of Independence and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted in 1948 by the United Nations. The conflation of human rights and civil rights is the main source of the current conscience crisis. The study also outlines a possible path toward the resolution of the conscience crisis.
Category: Social Science

Risk Dynamics Modeling and Credit Valuation Adjustment

Authors: David Lee
Comments: 25 Pages.

A broad range of financial products bear credit risk. This paper presents an integrated approach to model credit risk. We focus on the impact of default dependence and rating migration on derivative security valuation, as correlated default risk is one of the most pervasive threats in financial markets. The numerical study shows that the model-implied credit spreads are very close to the market observed credit spreads. Both have the same patterns and trends. The numerical study also indicates that the calculated default correlation is consistent with the market default correlation observed, implying that the model is accurate for computing the market value of credit risk.
Category: Social Science

From Keystrokes to Cognition: A Comprehensive Review of Touch Typing's Interplay with Cognitive Processes

Authors: Bryce Petofi Towne
Comments: 16 Pages.

In the digital era, despite the proliferation of diverse input methods, touch typing remains a paramount mode of human-computer interaction. This review delves into the intricate relationship between touch typing and cognitive processes. Anchoring its exploration in historical context, the paper underscores the evolution of touch typing from a skill met with skepticism to a complex cognitive endeavor deeply intertwined with implicit memory. Through a novel numerical representation, the paper elucidates the cognitive challenges posed by different keyboard layouts, notably QWERTY and the 9-key Chinese keyboard. Central to the discussion is the paradoxical interplay between implicit motor memory and explicit linguistic articulation, offering a fresh prespective. Drawing from a rich tapestry of empirical studies, theoretical frameworks, and practical implications, the paper calls for a deeper exploration of touch typing, not merely as a mechanical skill but as a testament to human cognition's adaptability and sophistication.
Category: Social Science

Analysis of Global Crises, Highly Adverse Long-Term Trend and Prevention: A Choice 2050 Report

Authors: Suresh K. Maran
Comments: 24 Pages. (Correction made by viXra Admin to conform with scholalry norm) First Published in Researchgate http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.25862.91201/1

In this article, I will do a deeper analysis of the world crises, such as the pandemic, global warming, inflation, income inequality, etc. I will discuss why the many global crises are symptoms of a lack of scientific management of global relational phenomena. I will discuss how these crises are effects of the events driven by adverse interaction of dispositions associated with various global relational factors such as educational, cultural, political, and economic factors. We will discuss the covid19 pandemic as one of the effects of these, and its timing and location are predictable based on these. I will discuss how the further advancement of adverse effects of the global relational factors continues to increase the risk of many future global crises that is likely to cause an existential threat to humanity through advanced technology through spontaneous emergence of major global conflicts, hyper extremism, or high-tech fascism leading to hell-like living conditions. I will discuss the necessity and ways of steering away from these trends by moving into inclusive and relationship-based educational training, economic advancement with intensive scientific management of the relational factors. I call this report as Choice 2050 report because how we manage the relational environment in the world from now on may lead to different conditions by 2050, healthy or hellish environment.
Category: Social Science

In the Name of Inclusion: Why Repealing Affirmative Action is a Right Thing to Do

Authors: Gennady Shkliarevsky
Comments: 42 Pages.

The article discusses the recent decision by SCOTUS to repeal affirmative action. It addresses one very important question: Is the repeal of affirmative action a good thing? Following a brief historical overview, the article offers a critique of affirmative action. It argues that affirmative action does not true inclusion, but rather a surrogate. There are several problems that the article sees with the intellectual and moral foundation of affirmative action. First of all, it offers selective inclusion that is merely a form of exclusion, rather than universal inclusion. Also, affirmative action is elitist in its approach; it has been formulated by elites and for the benefit of elite rule. The article particularly focuses on three major features of black culture that are cultivated in the black community and are integral to black identity: the role of the church and religion in public life; the principle of the sanctity of life, and the black family and family values. The article shows that liberal ideology and practice [ignore] these values that are so important to the black community. Liberal disregard for these values amounts to de facto exclusion of the black community and culture by the liberal elites. Finally, the article offers a perspective that makes possible to embrace black values on their own terms. The proposed perspective makes possible to achieve true inclusion and equality for all races and groups in American society. The article concludes that the repeal of affirmative action is a right thing to do since it opens new possibilities in the search for inclusion, equality, and justice.
Category: Social Science

Accessibility and Inclusiveness of New Information and Communication Technologies for Disabled Users and Content Creators in the Metaverse

Authors: Petar Radanliev, David De Roure, Peter Novitzky, Ivo Sluganovic
Comments: 23 Pages.

Despite the proliferation of Blockchain Metaverse projects, the inclusion of physically disabled individuals in the Metaverse remains distant, with limited standards and regulations in place. However, the article proposes a concept of the Metaverse that leverages emerging technologies, such as Virtual and Augmented Reality, and the Internet of Things, to enable greater engagement of disabled creatives. Based on the findings, the paper concludes that the active involvement of physically disabled individuals in the design and development of Metaverse platforms is crucial for promoting inclusivity. The proposed framework for accessibility and inclusiveness in Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed realities of decentralised Metaverses provides a basis for the meaningful participation of disabled creatives. The article emphasises the importance of addressing the mechanisms for art production by individuals with disabilities in the emerging Metaverse landscape. Additionally, it highlights the need for further research and collaboration to establish standards and regulations that facilitate the inclusion of physically disabled individuals in Metaverse projects.
Category: Social Science

Academic Standardization Hinders Innovation

Authors: Bryce Petofi Towne
Comments: 8 Pages.

This paper explores the relationship between academic standardization and innovation, focusing on the potential negative impact of standardization on innovative research. Academic standardization encompasses journal publication, degree requirement, recruitment and promotion, and research funding application standardization. While these processes are essential for maintaining research quality and rigor, they may inadvertently hinder creativity and risk-taking, thereby limiting the pursuit of innovative ideas. Despite the challenges posed by standardization, disruptive research persists, indicating the potential for a balanced approach. Future research should address gaps in the current literature, investigate alternative models of standardization, and examine the long-term effects of these practices on academia, innovation, and society. The paper emphasizes the need for ongoing dialogue and research to ensure a more dynamic research environment that fosters both rigor and originality.
Category: Social Science

Khasi-Jaintia Jaids( Surnames) and the Graphical law

Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 18 Pages.

We study the Khasi-Jaintia Jaids( Surnames).We draw the natural logarithm of the number of the Jaids of the Khasi-Jaintia tribes, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the Khasi-Jaintia Jaids( Surnames) can be characterised by the magnetisation curve, BW(c=0), of the Ising Model in the Bragg-Williams approximation in the absence of external magnetic field, H. $c=frac{ H}{gamma epsilon}=0$.
Category: Social Science

Khasi-Jaintia Jaids (Surnames)

Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 22 Pages.

We collect and put together the jaids( surnames) of Khasi-Jaintia tribes of Meghalaya, of India, in this paper. There are more jaids than presented in the paper.
Category: Social Science

The Individual in the Collective: An Examination of Individual Complexity in Modern Social Science Theories

Authors: Bryce Petofi Towne
Comments: 25 Pages.

This paper reviews the importance of individual complexity in the development and application of social science theories. It underscores the need for a balanced approach, acknowledging both individual differences and collective phenomena. Drawing from a broad range of literature, including seminal and contemporary studies, the paper identifies the intricate interplay between individual agency and societal structures. It suggests future research directions that emphasize logical coherence, interdisciplinary approach, and comprehensive inclusion of cultural and societal contexts. It also addresses inherent challenges related to subjective interpretation, methodological consistency, and the integration of logical reasoning with statistical analysis. This review concludes that recognizing individual complexity remains a crucial frontier for social sciences, requiring a delicate equilibrium between individual and collective understandings.
Category: Social Science

Golden Sengol: The Spirit and Force of Law in the Dharmasastra

Authors: Sunil Sondhi
Comments: 19 Pages. A holistic concept of law including both ethical and legal perspectives seems to provide a more realistic picture of Indian legal culture.

The Vedic doctrine of dharma in its entirety imparts to danda or sengol the character of an instrument for the advancement of culture. Law elevates man out of superficial sensory perceptions by instituting legislation, adjudication, and the enforcement of duties. The functions of law are thus in keeping with the ideas involved in the doctrine of dharma. The law as a pedagogic or purgatorial or moral- training institution is not merely an ownership-securing agency, but a dharma- promoting community. And herein the Indian knowledge tradition provides the justification for the installation of Golden Sengol in Indian parliament as a symbol of devotion to the cause of furtherance of the ‘highest good’ of man.
Category: Social Science

La Puebla de Almoradiel, el lugar de la Mancha de Don Quijote (The Puebla of Almoradiel, from the place of Don Quijote's Mancha)

Authors: Daniel Consalles
Comments: 18 Pages. In Esperantoi

En este estudio tratamos de identificar el famoso "lugar de la Mancha" de Don Quijote, asumiendo que la distancia media por jornada es unos 30 kms e identificando tres poblaciones a menos de una día de distancia del pueblo de Don Quijote (El Toboso, Quintanar de la Orden y el Campo de Criptana). Añadiendo diversos criterios adicionales limitamos el alcance a una pequeña zona de cuatro villas (Quero, Miguel Esteban, La Villa de don Fadrique y la Puebla de Almoradiel). Finalmente, tras analizar el primer viaje a la venta del caballero, llegamos a la conclusión que la aldea de Don Quijote es la Puebla de Almoradiel.

In this study we try to identify the famous "place of La Mancha" of Don Quixote, assuming that the average distance per day is about 30 kms and identifying three towns less than a day's distance from the town of Don Quixote (El Toboso, Quintanar of the Orden y el Campo de Criptana). Adding several additional criteria, we limited the scope to a small area of u200bu200bfour villas (Quero, Miguel Esteban, La Villa de don Fadrique and the Puebla de Almoradiel). Finally, after analyzing the primer viaje a la venta del caballero, we came to the conclusion that the village of Don Quixote is the Puebla de Almoradiel.
Category: Social Science

The Einstein Model of a Solid as a Model of the Mental Apparatus from the Economic Perspective of Psychoanalytic Theory

Authors: Theodoros Aliferis
Comments: 6741 words, 27 Pages

As Freud has set as early as in the ‘Project for a Scientific Psychology’ (1895), ‘The intention is to furnish a psychology that shall be a natural science’. The aim of this theoretical, interdisciplinary article is at bridging classical psychoanalysis and thermodynamics. The Einstein model of a Solid (ES) is a thermodynamic model with applications in solid state physics. I intend to show that the ES, in the grand canonical ensemble, is a suitable model of the mental apparatus from an economic point of view. The approach I follow is to establish a strict one-to-one correspondence between the constituents of the ES, quantum harmonic oscillators, and energy quanta, and those of the psychic apparatus, ideas, and quota of affect respectively. I also prove that the laws of thermodynamics as applied to the ES, are correlated with the principles of the economic model, Pleasure, Reality, Nirvana, and Constancy. The significance of this research is in introducing science into psychoanalytic theory.
Category: Social Science

Whither Ukraine: Through the Glass Darkly

Authors: Gennady Shkliarevsky
Comments: 14 Pages.

The article offers an analysis of the two main trends in Ukrainian politics that offer different approaches in addressing the problems faced by Ukrainian society. One tendency advocates reliance on government institutions and formal bureaucratic practices. The other represents the radically inclined militant activists who insist on immediate radical action that will eliminate corruption and treason in the country. The standoff between these two trends prolongs the war in Ukraine and is harmful to the country. It hinders the resolution of the military conflict that is ruining the country and makes rebuilding its economy and improving the life of Ukrainian citizens more difficult, if not impossible. The article also analyzes the political practice of president Zelensky who largely pursues the approach advocated by the radicals.Key words: Ukraine, Zelensky, corruption, radicals, "Right Sector," Maidan
Category: Social Science

Invisible Chains: Unveiling the Universal and Unconscious Negative Attitude Towards Sex and Its Societal Implications

Authors: Bryce Petofi Towne
Comments: 57 Pages.

The prevailing theory of an unconscious, universal negative attitude towards sex is deeply entrenched in societal norms and behaviors, transcending cultural and religious boundaries. This paper titled "Invisible Chains: Unveiling the Universal and Unconscious Negative Attitude Towards Sex and Its Societal Implications" examines this omnipresent phenomenon, dissecting its origins, manifestations, and societal repercussions. Using an interdisciplinary approach that combines a thorough literature review, a detailed language analysis, and a close examination of societal norms and popular culture, this study uncovers the subtle ways this negativity towards sex permeates our language, behavior, and institutional responses. This research offers significant insights into the experiences of sexual assault survivors, the effectiveness of children's sex education, persistent gender inequalities, and our collective understanding of human sexuality. Our investigation calls for a radical shift in societal attitudes towards sex, thereby fostering an environment conducive to open discussions about sex, promoting sex positivity, and prompting societal transformation.
Category: Social Science

A Comprehensive Theoretical Framework of Illusory Shared Honor Effect

Authors: Bryce Petofi Towne
Comments: 51 Pages. (Correction made by viXra Admin; please also note that future repetition will not be accepted)

Existing psychological theories like Basking in Reflected Glory (BIRGing), social identity, and self-perception primarily explain how individuals derive self-worth from affiliations. This paper presents a comprehensive theoretical framework called the Illusory Shared Honor Effect (ISHE) - the illusory sense of shared honor resulting from perceived affiliation with a successful entity. ISHE functions as a psychological mechanism prompting individuals to perceive shared illusory honor despite its potential irrationality. Drawing from a wide range of social, cognitive, and motivational theories, this paper explores the antecedents, manifestation, and implications of ISHE across multiple contexts. This paper also illustrate how ISHE operates in real-life scenarios such as political affiliations, organizational success, and sports fandom. Moreover, this paper discusses both the positive and negative implications of ISHE, fostering a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. This paper concludes with potential directions for future research, highlighting the importance of empirical studies to further validate this theoretical framework.
Category: Social Science

Public Perceptions of Fukushima Food Products in South Korea and Its Dispute Resolution :A Comparative Study on East Asia

Authors: Young Chan Seo
Comments: 4 Pages.

<hen using technology such as nuclear power, it is important to understand the level of public awareness. It can be speculated that the difference in risk perception of Fukushima food between Korea and Japan is one of the causes of international disputes between Korea and Japan. (Sample size is small, n =176) According to a survey conducted in 2020, Koreans have a higher risk perception of Fukushima food compared to other countries. These differences can be caused by a number of factors, including politic, demographic, and level of education. Public campaigns and education on the effects of radiation may be needed to lower Koreans' awareness of the risks to Fukushima food. It is also necessary to understand the level of risk awareness in other countries to consider new policies.
Category: Social Science

The Poems of Tennyson and the Graphical Law

Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 18 Pages.

We study The Poems of Tennyson, edited by Christopher Ricks. We draw the natural logarithm of the number of the titles of the poems, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the The Poems of Tennyson, edited by Christopher Ricks, can be characterised by BP(4, $beta H=0$), i.e. the magnetisation curve in the Bethe-Peierls approximation of the Ising Model, in the presence of four nearest neighbours and in the absence of external magnetic field, H, with $beta H= 0$. $beta$ is $frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature and $k_{B}$ is the tiny Boltzmann constant.
Category: Social Science

A Comprehensive Theoretical Framework of Attention Hijacking Effect Theory

Authors: Bryce Petofi Towne
Comments: 31 Pages.

This paper analyzes the Attention Hijacking Effect (AHE) Theory, a novel psychological construct that elucidates the allocation of limited attentional resources in an information saturated society. The AHE posits that individuals primarily concentrate on subjects pertinent to their work, life, and interests, maintaining sustained attention over time. However, transient attention is often allocated to news and trending social events due to their minimal relevance to daily life. The theory underscores the significance of relevance in attention allocation, aligning with the concept of selective attention. The paper further identifies gaps in the current understanding of AHE, proposing future research directions, including the investigation of AHE dynamics and the development of attention allocation measurement tools. The practical implications of AHE, such as informing the design of information delivery systems and educational materials, are also discussed. This comprehensive theoretical framework provides a foundation for understanding attention allocation amidst information overload.
Category: Social Science

The Theory of Illusory Shared Dishonor Effect

Authors: Bryce Petofi Towne
Comments: 1 Page.

Illusory Shared Dishonor Effect (ISDE) is a novel theory first proposed by Bryce Petofi Towne. This article introduces the concept of formation of ISDE. The author hopes that this paper serves as a theoretical framework to investigate how sense of shame is shared and how it may shape the society as whole.
Category: Social Science

The Theories of Illusory Shared Honor and Dishonor Effect for Objects

Authors: Bryce Petofi Towne
Comments: 2 Pages.

This article introduces the theories of Illusory Shared Honor Effect for Objects (ISHE for Objects) and Illusory Shared Dishonor Effect for Objects (ISDE for Objects) proposed by Bryce Petofi Towne. These two theories are derived from Illusory Shared Honor Effect and Illusory Shared Dishonor Effect proposed by the same author.
Category: Social Science

Cross-cultural Analysis of the Attention Hijacking Effect: Empirical Evidence from Google Search Data

Authors: Bryce Petofi Towne, Haoxi Zhang
Comments: 14 Pages. (Correction made by viXra Admin)

In this empirical investigation, we delve into the phenomenon known as the "Attention Hijacking Effect" (AHE). Utilizing Google's annual search index data spanning from 2006 to 2022, we have amassed a comprehensive dataset from four countries: the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, and France. This dataset, comprising 1089 entries, each correlating with annual news events as listed on Wikipedia, provides an expansive perspective on the shifting attention towards specific news terminologies over time.We employed linear regression analysis to explore the relationship between the familiarity with news-related terms and the duration of attention these terms command. Our findings indicate a significant positive correlation across all four countries, statistically significant at the 0.01 level. However, the variance explained (R-squared values) is relatively low, suggesting the potential existence of other influential factors not considered in this study that significantly impact the duration of attention.These findings underscore the complexity of attention dynamics and the necessity for continued scholarly exploration in this field. We anticipate that these insights will render our readers more informed and enhance their understanding of the AHE theory.
Category: Social Science

Illusory Shared Honor Effect

Authors: Bryce Petofi Towne
Comments: 2 Pages. (Converted by viXra Admin - Please conform!)

The Illusory Shared Honor Effect (ISHE) is a phenomenon that has created a link between individual and collective psychology. According to the survey in the article, 70% - 80% of the surveyed researchers report experiencing the ISHE effect, which also increases recognition of organizations such as their alma mater. Simply put, the ISHE effect highlights a connection between individual and collective psychology, which can strengthen a sense of collective identity. The ISHE effect is a common phenomenon that manifests in a variety of contexts, such as business, politics, and other fields. The ISHE effect provides new theoretical support for these domains, elucidating how individuals may perceive a sense of shared honor with other members of their group despite variations in their actual contributions to the group's success.The ISHE effect is distinguished by its novelty, as no previous research had identified this phenomenon. As a result, the author's discovery of the ISHE effect has the potential to significantly advance not only psychology but also other related fields.
Category: Social Science

The Attention Hijacking Effect: A Theoretical Examination of Attention Allocation in an Information-Overloaded Society

Authors: Bryce Petofi Towne
Comments: 2 Pages.

The Attention Hijacking Effect (AHE) theory, recently posited in empirical studies, offers a fresh perspective on attention allocation, specifically in the context of news consumption. This paper undertakes a comprehensive examination of the AHE theory, positing that attention devoted to personal matters tends to be sustained over extended periods, while attention towards societal issues and news is often fleeting. The paper explores the roots of the AHE theory in existing models of attention, its theoretical underpinnings, potential implications, and potential avenues for future research. This theoretical exploration contributes to the scholarly dialogue on attention allocation in information-saturated societies.
Category: Social Science

Is the Timing of Human Warfare Correlated with Cyclical Dopamine and Serotonin Levels

Authors: Tariq Khan
Comments: 15 Pages.

A short and informal essay speculating on the impact of pollen and, thus, histamine on human serotonin levels, especially violence and warfare. The peak pollen months in spring of February, March, April, and May and the fall months of August and September are proposed as having higher levels of "impulsive anger" from the histamine-driven lowered serotonin in humans especially human males. The start dates of all war battles from 2001 to 2023 and from 1900 to 2023 as listed in Wikipedia are examined by month where the ranking, as well as medical research results, support the hypothesis.
Category: Social Science

Alternative Mental Health Therapies in Prolonged Lockdowns: Narratives from Covid-19

Authors: Petar Radanliev, David De Roure
Comments: 11 Pages.

Objective: Identify and review alternative (home-based) therapies for prolonged lockdowns. Method: Interdisciplinary study using multi-method approach — case study, action research, grounded theory. Only secondary data has been used in this study. Results: Epistemological framework based on a set of digital humanities tools. The set of tools are based on publicly available, open access technological solutions, enabling generalisability of the findings. Conclusions: Alternative therapies can be integrated in healthcare systems as home-based solutions operating on low-cost technologies.
Category: Social Science

Advancing the Cybersecurity of the Healthcare System with Self-Optimising and Self-Adaptative Artificial Intelligence

Authors: Petar Radanliev, David De Roure
Comments: 17 Pages.

This article advances the knowledge on teaching and training new artificial intelligence algorithms, for securing, preparing, and adapting the healthcare system to cope with future pandemics. The study develops a concept healthcare system supported by autonomous artificial intelligence that can use edge health devices with real-time data. Two case scenarios are constructed for applying cybersecurity with autonomous artificial intelligence for (1) self-optimising predictive cyber risk analytics of failures in healthcare systems during a Disease X event (i.e., undefined future pandemic), and (2) self-adaptive forecasting of medical production and supply chain bottlenecks during future pandemics. The research study uses the case of Covid-19 to synthesise data for the algorithms — i.e., for optimising and securing digital healthcare systems in anticipation of Disease X. The testing scenarios are built to tackle the logistical challenges and disruption of complex production and supply chains for vaccine distribution with optimisation algorithms.
Category: Social Science

W. B. Yeats, The Poems and the Graphical Law

Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 18 Pages.

We study W. B. Yeats, The Poems, edited by Daniel Albright.We draw the natural logarithm of the number of the titles of the poems, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that W. B. Yeats, The Poems, can be characterised by BW(c=0.01),the magnetisation curve of the Ising Model in the Bragg-Williams approximation in the presence of external magnetic field, H. $c=frac{ H}{gamma epsilon}=0.01$ with $epsilon$ being the strength of coupling between two neighbouring spins in the Ising Model, $gamma$ representing the number of nearest neighbours of a spin, which is very large.
Category: Social Science

Rudyard Kipling's Verse and the Graphical Law

Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 18 Pages.

We study the Rudyard Kipling's Verse, Definitive edition.We draw the natural logarithm of the number of the titles of the verses, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the Rudyard Kipling's Verse can be characterised by BW(c=0.01),the magnetisation curve of the Ising Model in the Bragg-Williams approximation in the presence of external magnetic field, H. $c=frac{ H}{gamma epsilon}=0.01$ with $epsilon$ being the strength of coupling between two neighbouring spins in the Ising Model, $gamma$ representing the number of nearest neighbours of a spin, which is very large.
Category: Social Science

Psychological Program

Authors: Xianxiang Duan
Comments: 53 Pages. In Chinese

This paper attempts to reveal through case analysis that psychological activities are a set of programs and that the cause of mental illness is error in operation of the programs or the establishment of erroneous programs. By modifying or learning to use these psychological programs correctly, mental illness can be treated precisely and thoroughly. The complete psychotherapy process is represented by the following: psychoanalysis + modification of psychological programs.In order to perform certain tasks, life bodies need to initiate a series of psychological or physiological activities, which is the process of psychological or physiological activities called "psychological program". Psychological program is an abstract concept, and it is not a material entity. The search for psychological activity programs mainly depends on psychological analysis and scientific hypnosis.
Category: Social Science

A Blockchain-Based Solution to Property Rights in Sri Lanka

Authors: Rumi Nagpal
Comments: 53 Pages.

This paper explores a possible solution for the property rights crisis in Sri Lanka. I propose a blockchain-based solution, combing public and private blockchains to store all land titles in Sri Lanka. The system will also allow users to buy, sell, and transfer property on a secure platform. Sri Lanka's land registry’s department is plagued with corruption - where politicians and businessmen sell and use fake deeds - the blockchain network eliminates all corruption through the use of hash keys. The system allows land titles to be accessed instantly, which ensures that people can take a loan against their immobile assets immediately, to help grow their business; thus rejuvenating a crumbling Sri Lankan economy. The system increases reliability, accountability, efficiency, and security. The public will be directly involved in the system as they monitor it, along with designated monitors, white-hat hackers, the government, and banks. The paper proposes that the government allows a private company to build the network to maintain decentralization. The system will run on autopilot, and the government will fund the system. The research implemented in this analysis has been conducted through interviews with employees in the Registrar General's Department, and by using other research papers and peer-reviewed journals online. One can expect an in-depth analysis covering the blockchain network's design, understanding why it is perfect for Sri Lanka (due to the Bim Saviya and e-Land Acts), and the limitations of the solution - including how the government and the company which sets up the network can tackle them.
Category: Social Science

Sanchayita and the Graphical Law

Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 17 Pages.

We study the Sanchayita, one collection of poems, of Rabindranath Tagore.We draw the natural logarithm of the number of the titles of the poems of the Sanchayita, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the Sanchayita can be characterised by the magnetisation curve of the Ising Model in the Bragg-Williams approximation in the absence of external magnetic field.
Category: Social Science

Influence of Family Factors on Juvenile Delinquency and Delinquency

Authors: Wen-Qi Chen
Comments: 7 Pages. (Correction made by viXra Admin - Please conform!)

This article analyzes the definition of juvenile delinquency, changes in modern family structure, and the impact of family environment on juvenile delinquency and healthy families. Juvenile delinquency is defined as criminal acts committed by juveniles who have reached the age of 14 and under 25, including children and young adults. It is proposed that the changes in the modern family structure include: family size miniaturization, family structure nuclearization, family algebra reduction, family structure diversification, and so on. On this basis, the author analyzes explicitly how family factors such as family breakdown, socialization, parenting style, and the father's role affect the development of adolescents, that is, illegal and criminal activities. Finally, it expounds on how to create a healthy and healthy family.
Category: Social Science

Preface of the Book "Diversity, Inclusion, Equity and the Threat to Academic Freedom"

Authors: M. López-Corredoira, T. Todd, E. J. Olsson
Comments: 7 Pages.

There can be no doubt that discrimination based on sex, race, ethnicity, religion or beliefs should not be tolerated in academia. Surprisingly, however, in recent years, policies of Diversity, Inclusion and Equity(DIE), officially introduced to counteract discrimination, have increasingly led to quite the opposite result: the exclusion of individuals who do not share a radical 'woke' ideology on identity politics (feminism, other gender activisms, critical race theory, etc.), and to the suppression of the academic freedom to discuss such dogmas. This subversion of academia---disguised Trojan-horse style as universal human rights advocacy---is unacceptable because academia must be politically neutral and protect freedom of speech, a cornerstone of professional scholarly activity without which universities as we know them will slowly but surely suffocate. Our purpose here is to put together some particularly illustrative cases of such repression in a single book, testifying to a ubiquitous trend within western culture, irreducible to a few isolated complaints. The essays contained here illustrate the abuse of power, censorship and witch-hunts at many universities and research centres in the name of DIE. List of coauthors in alphabetical order: Dorian Abbot, Tomonori Agoh, Gerhard Amendt, Ivar Arpi, David Benatar, Peter Boghossian, Civitas Research Team, David Díaz Pardo de Vera, Pedro Domingos, Janice Fiamengo, Étienne Forest, Jorge Gibert Galassi, Norman Goldstuck, José L. González Quirós, Lawrence M. Krauss, Patrick LaBelle, Martín López Corredoira, Heather Mac Donald, Martin Malmgren, Erik. J. Olsson, Jordan Peterson, Constantin Polychronakos, Philip C. Salzman, Alessandro Strumia, Tom Todd, Andrei Yafaev.
Category: Social Science

Negoziare Con L'algebra: Complessità Dei Conflitti e Dell'inconscio
Negotiating with Algebra: Complexity of Conflicts and the Unconscious

Authors: Osvaldo Duilio Rossi
Comments: 61 Pages.

Una rassegna della lettura matematica del conflitto che implica anche la relazione interpersonale, cosicché il mediatore possa riconoscere la struttura matematica del conflitto nella relazione interpersonale tra le parti e, viceversa, possa riconoscere i significati sistemici e relazionali nelle espressioni algebriche. Inoltre, propongo tre modelli originali per la soluzione matematica delproblema distributivo, tanto sul piano economico (cap. 1.5 e cap. 1.6) quanto sul piano relazionale (cap. 2.2), formalizzando in algebra le funzioni esplorative e relazionali del colloquio psicologico.

A review of the mathematical reading of the conflict which also implies the interpersonal relationship, so that the mediator can recognize the mathematical structure of the conflict in the interpersonal relationship between the parties and, conversely, can recognize the systemic and relational meanings in the algebraic expressions. Furthermore, I propose three original models for the mathematical solution ofdistributional problem, both on an economic level (chap. 1.5 and chap. 1.6) and on a relational level (chap. 2.2), formalizing in algebra the exploratory and relational functions of the psychological interview.
Category: Social Science

A Dictionary of Sindhi Literature by Dr. Motilal Jotwani and the Graphical Law

Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 17 Pages.

We study A Dictionary of Sindhi Literature by Dr. Motilal Jotwani. We draw the natural logarithm of the number of entries, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the Dictionary can be characterised by BP(4,$beta H=0$) i.e. a magnetisation curve in the Bethe-Peierls approximation of the Isingmodel with four nearest neighbours in the absence of external magnetic field ie. $beta H=0$. $beta$ is $frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature, H is external magnetic field and $k_{B}$ is the tiny Boltzmann constant.
Category: Social Science

How the CCP has Determined its Successors: The Third Echelon’s Construction Process and Signification

Authors: Hansol Kim
Comments: 13 Pages.

This article discusses the construction process and results of the Third Echelon of cadres. This was the first generation of the cadre reserve system, which has served as the CCP's cadre recruitment mechanism. It also examines how the CCP resolved various cadre management challenges after the Cultural Revolution, and a generational shift from old and less-educated revolutionaries to young and better-educated professionals who could implement the Reform and Opening Up policies. Through a three-year nationwide cadre selection project, also known as the Third Echelon Construction, the CCP fostered more than 110,000 cadres, from the county level to the provincial level, and these cadres played a crucial role in both economic growth and regime maintenance between 1989 and 1991, when the socialist bloc around it crumbled.
Category: Social Science

Law of Quality Exchange and Ethics of Fulfillment of One’s Wishes With Quality

Authors: Runsheng Tu
Comments: 22 Pages.

Coarse jingles such as "good is rewarded, evil is rewarded", "price is determined by quality" and "Reputation determines sales" cannot accurately and comprehensively reflect the social laws determined by the resonance of the best in human nature — The higher the level of behavior quality, the more returns you will get. This is a quantitative law of exchange in which behavior quality participates. It can be called the law of mass exchange, or simply the law of mass. The positive case of the law of quality exchange is that "one can realize one's good wishes by improving the quality of behavior" (its negative case means that it is difficult to achieve good wishes by reducing the quality of behavior). It can be seen that fulfilling one's wishes with quality is both an objective law and a code of conduct (or ethics). "Fulfillment of one's wishes with quality"is the basic principle of ethics, which can also become a high-level world view.
Category: Social Science

Definition of Objective Quality with Positive Connotation

Authors: Runsheng Tu
Comments: 15 Pages.

The current definition of quality is "the degree to which a group of intrinsic attributes fulfills the requirements". The definition has two major drawbacks: it is subjective quality and no positiveness restrictions on the "requirements" that are met. The current definition of quality can be transformed into "quality is positive degree" by simply replacing the requirements met by intrinsic characteristics with positive, objective and abstract "general social requirements". This new definition of quality can overcome the shortcomings of the original definition of quality. It has positiveness, objectiveness and abstract, and it is very symmetrical and coordinated with the value definition of positive effect.
Category: Social Science

Nikola Tesla on the Average Duration of Earth Wars

Authors: Vladimir Aksayskiy
Comments: 1 Page.

According to Nikola Tesla, the average duration of earthly wars is 5-6 years. His assessment is confirmed by the history of Russia's participation in military events in the interval of 1787-2014.
Category: Social Science

Dictionary of Culinary Terms by Philippe Pilibossian and the Graphical Law

Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 17 Pages.

We study the Dictionary of Culinary Terms by Philippe Pilibossian. We draw the natural logarithm of the number of entries, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the Dictionary can be characterised by BP(4, $beta H=0$), i.e.the Bethe-Peierls curve in the presence of four nearest neighbours and no external magnetic field, H, with $beta H= 0$. $beta$ is $frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature and $k_{B}$ is the tiny Boltzmann constant.
Category: Social Science

If Peltola Had More Votes, She Would Have Lost

Authors: Warren D. Smith, Jiri Navratil
Comments: 7 Pages.

Alaska's August 2022 special election, won by Mary Peltola, was its first statewide instant runoff (IRV) election. We demonstrate a large number of horrific paradoxes, pathologies, problems, and widely publicized lies and misconceptions about this election. For example the election was "non monotonic" in the sense that if 6000 Palin votes had switched to Peltola, that would have made Peltola lose.
Category: Social Science

Making Progress Work: A New Life for the Old Idea

Authors: Gennady Shkliarevsky
Comments: 33 Pages.

The pursuit of progress has been a distinct feature of civilization at least over the last three hundred years. Yet the appeal of progress is now in decline. Many attribute several major problems we face today to our relentless pursuit of progress, including the degradation of the environment and climate change, the growing gap between the rich and the poor, the increasing control of governments over the life of their citizens, social instability, economic decline, and much else. Widespread criticism has raised fundamental questions about progress that even relatively recently we would not dare to raise without risking our intellectual credibility. The intense questioning encourages, indeed necessitates, a revisiting of the theory and practice of our pursuit of progress.This article represents an attempt at re-examining some critical issues that are related to progress. There are several questions to be addressed in the following pages: Is progress really necessary? What fundamental purpose does it serve? Can our civilization survive without progressing? Does progress have roots in nature or is it merely a human fancy? In answering these questions, this article will explain the important relationship between our idea and practice of progress, on one hand, and nature, on the other. It will show that progress is not a human fancy; it has deep roots in the evolution of nature and the universe. Substantive criticisms should not only point to mistakes and flaws. They should also lead to alternatives. This article will conclude by outlining some fundamental principles to be used in reshaping our progressive practice. The main feature of this reformed practice, as argued in the pages that follow, should be the process of creation that plays a vital role in the survival and evolution of our universe. The failure to embrace and understand this process has generated major flaws that that continue to plague our pursuit of progress. The article will explain that the reason for this failure is not an accident but a necessary result of anthropocentrism that has dominated and continues to dominate our civilization.By using the process of creation as the main organizing principle of our theory and practice of progress will make possible to eliminate the main cause of our numerous problems with progress.
Category: Social Science

La Ruta Del Tercer Viaje de Don Quijote
the Route of the Third Voyage of Don Quixote

Authors: Daniel Consalles
Comments: 13 Pages.

La ruta del tercer viaje de Don Quijote desde el Toboso a Zaragoza generalmente aceptada presenta unas inconsistencias evidentes, especialmente al incorporar la visita a la Cueva de Montesinos como parte deltrayecto. Las hipótesis planteadas hasta el momento implican varios cambios de dirección incoherentes con el propio relato. En este trabajo planteamos una hipótesis distinta, la "Ruta Sur", donde todo el relato cobra coherencia, incluida la visita a la Cueva de Montesinos. Asumir esta nueva ruta nos permite localizar otros puntos del relato con relativa facilidad.

The route of Don Quixote's third voyage from El Toboso to Zaragoza generally accepted presents some evident inconsistencies, especially when incorporating the visit to the Cueva de Montesinos as part of the journey. The hypotheses put forward so far imply several changes of direction that are inconsistent with the own story. In this work we propose a different hypothesis, the "South Route", where the entire story takes coherence, including the visit to the Cueva de Montesinos. Assuming this new route allows us to locate other points of the story with relative ease.
Category: Social Science

Transcending Human Sociality: Eco-Cosmological Relationships Between Entities in the Ecosphere

Authors: Luis Gregorio Abad Espinoza
Comments: 17 Pages.

Based on a discussion of the theoretical contributions of Claude Lévi-Strauss and Pierre Clastres, this article explores social relationships as more than a human dimension. Though strongly analysed by both anthropologists, these relationships appear to involve indigenous societies’ whole ecological and cosmological system. In this sense, reciprocity, social cohesion, and exchange can be understood as material and immaterial interrelationships between entities of a more than a corporeal world. I argue, then, that to go beyond the mere anthropocentric conceptualisation of sociality in a nature good to think, we need to holistically conceive the interconnected levels of trophic, socio-structural and socio-cosmic relationships and exchanges between human and non-human beings in the ecosystem.
Category: Social Science

Setting Right LGBTQ Rights

Authors: Gennady Shkliarevsky
Comments: 40 Pages.

In the current social and political turmoil, few issues are more divisive and cause more controversy than issues related to the rights of sexual minorities and gender dissidents. The polarizing impact of these issues is really astounding given the size of these two groups. Obviously, controversies over gender and sexuality have touched the nerve in wide segments of the population. Explanations for this divisiveness generally focus on either the recalcitrance of conservatives or on the recklessness of progressive advocates of change. This article questions these explanations. It sees the main problem in the very approach used by groups on both sides of the divide. The LGBTQ community uses the human rights approach. In this approach, the rights of sexual minorities and gender non-conformists emerge as absolute, universal, and thus non-negotiable. The opponents of the LGBTQ agenda use universalistic claims of their own, usually centered on religion. These opposing claims make the controversy irresolvable.The dominant view of human rights is that they are absolute, universal, and non-negotiable. They have roots in human nature that is also regarded as absolute and universal. The article offers an analysis of human nature and defines its fundamental properties. The conclusion that follows from this analysis is that only rights that protect these fundamental properties can properly be defined as human rights. These properties make human rights absolute, universal, and non-negotiable. Other types of rights (for example, civil rights or the rights related to self-expression) are important but they are not absolute and universal; consequently, they are negotiable. The tendency to assign the status of absolute and universal to rights that are not related to fundamental properties of human nature is what makes conflicts over LGBTQ rights irresolvable.The article outlines a new approach to the rights of sexual minorities and gender non-conformists that would avoid the trap of absolutism and universalism. Through understanding of the process of creation that is central to human relationship with reality and, consequently, to human nature will make possible a realistic approach toward LGBTQ rights and will help create a more effective strategy for protecting these rights. The article also looks at sexuality education as an important contributor to the controversies related to gender and sexuality.Key words: LGBTQ, human rights, gender differentiation, sexual orientation, transgender, sexuality education
Category: Social Science

The Case for Score Voting

Authors: Warren D. Smith
Comments: 9 Pages.

Score voting (also called range voting) uses a ratings ballot. Each voter assigns (to as many candidates as she wishes) a number in a specified range. Greatest average score wins. Two main lines of evidence show score voting is a good decision-making method: biology and computer simulation. Honeybees achieved evolutionary success by annually deciding their new hive location via score voting. Some ants also use score voting. Computer simulations have been used to compare score versus other election methods by the criterion of Bayesian regret (BR), i.e. the expected value of the avoidable human unhappiness caused by an action—in this case the use of an election method. Score voting consistently outperforms other election methods measured by BR. Score voting also is among the simplest voting methods.
Category: Social Science

Analysis of the 2021 Instant Run-Off Elections in Utah

Authors: Jiri Navratil, Warren D. Smith
Comments: 15 pages main paper + 8 pages appendix

We analyzed the 2021 Ranked Choice Voting elections in Utah County and Moab (the capitol of Grand County), focusing on the Instant Runoff Voting (IRV) algorithm. We found three issues: (1) The fractions of ballots discarded and those that needed rectification exceeded 10% in 7 of the 17 races (across 4 municipalities) indicating a considerable degree of voter confusion .(2) Four different election pathologies were detected in the Council (Seat 1) race in Moab: failure to elect a consensus winner, monotonicity failure and two participation failures. A ``spoiler'' candidate, which IRV proponents have claimed this method prevents, was also detected.(3) Four towns elected two seats by discarding the winner of the first seat, then re-running IRV with the resulting modified ballots to determine the winner of the second seat. This all four times caused the second-place finisher in the first election, not to win the 2nd seat, but rather to finish second again, somewhat frustratingly for them.Overall, IRV elected the same winner as standard plurality in 15 of 16 races with >= 3 candidates, with the single changed outcome in the Vineyard City Council (Seat 2) race.We also analyzed the data from a recount viewpoint -- implementing the Utah Election Code rules for automatic recounts versus Blom et al. ``Exact Margin of Victory (EMOV)'' method. According to the former, a recount was justified in two races, namely the Springville (4yr) and Moab City Councils; butonly Moab was actually recounted. However, EMOV showed recounting Springville almost certainly would have been inconsequential. As far as we know, this is the first-of-kind analysis of IRV elections in the state of Utah and it highlights the paradoxical properties of the IRV algorithm --- often incorrectly dismissed as too rare to worry about --- showing that these unfortunately indeed occur in real-world elections hence really are worrisome. In conjunction with the above-mentioned ballot issues, these problems cast doubt on the wisdom of IRV for Utah. We believe there are better alternatives than IRV, e.g. ``range voting,'' and these should become part of a debate towards fundamentally rethinking the program.
Category: Social Science

Price Derivatives in Commodity Market

Authors: Alex Yang
Comments: 24 Pages.

This article presents a new approach for pricing commodity derivatives. The key to this approach is the model calibration that makes the model prices of vanilla options match the market prices and the implied model dynamics be in good agreement with the characteristics of the historical data series. Our theoretical results show that the model can better capture the price and volatility dynamics. Empirical study shows that the model performs quite well.
Category: Social Science

Confronting the Aporias of the Inclusion Practice

Authors: Gennady Shkliarevsky
Comments: 20 Pages.

The article offers a critique of the current practice on inclusion. Several principal concerns arise in connection with this practice. The fact that it has its roots in the European Enlightenment tradition makes it culturally specific and largely reflective of Western values that are not universally shared. Also, as a result of the selective application of this practice, it actually involves exclusion, which makes this practice contradictory. Finally, its objectivist approach underestimates the role of subjective factors (values, norms, and cultural traditions). These concerns indicate the need for a new inclusion practice. The article outlines a new approach toward inclusion. This approach emerges from a better understanding of what inclusion actually is and what it involves. The article demonstrates the connection between inclusion and the process of creation. This close relationship suggests that the new practice of inclusion should use the process of creation as its main organizing principle.KEYWORDS: Inclusion; The Practice of Inclusion; Conservation; Difference; The Process of Creation
Category: Social Science

LIBOR Market Model Pricing

Authors: Yongxin Xiao
Comments: 13 Pages.

This article presents a lattice approach for LIBOR Market Model by using several fast drift approximation methods. The fast convergence behavior requires fewer discretization nodes that gives better performance without losing much accuracy. Moreover, the calibration is almost automatic and it is simple and easy to implement.
Category: Social Science

First National Census of Computing Resources in the Public and Private Sectors

Authors: Alfonso León Guillén Gómez
Comments: 40 Pages. In Spanish (Corrections made by viXra Admin to conform with the requirements on the Submission Form)

Presents the analysis of the results of the first census of computing resources in the public and private sectors in Colombia carried out by DANE and the Secretariat of the Presidency in 1987.
Category: Social Science

The Fermi Paradox

Authors: Volker Thürey
Comments: 2 Pages.

A solution of the Fermi paradox is the imagination that intelligent species are ‘seldom’. I justify this by the statement that during the evolution of the species the aliens do not care about the nature. When they learn to rule the nature they destroy it, like humans are destroying it now, although they are generated by the nature. However nature is necessary.
Category: Social Science

Exploring the Influence of the Interaction of Climate Change, Man-made Threats and Covid-19 on the Livelihoods of Wetland Communities in Sub-saharan Africa

Authors: Toundji O. Amoussou, Sarah E. Edewor, Yaye D. Wane, Chibuye F. Kunda, Donissongou D. Soro
Comments: 15 Pages.

Wetlands are very important because of the wide range of ecosystem services they provide. Despite their ecological, social and environmental importance, these ecosystems are threatened and fragmented under the combined effects of climate change (CC) and man-made activities (MMA). Such a state of things could be exacerbated by the advent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with its many implications. In order to help decision-makers take good decisions, the combined effect of CC, MMA and COVID-19 on the livelihoods of communities around wetland ecosystems have been reviewed based on available scientific knowledge. First, we analyzed the different concepts and theories underlying the wetlands-related studies and then summarized the merits and demerits of the different methodologies underlying wetland studies. The empirical evidences that exist in previous literatures have been highlighted. Similarly, common livelihood strategies for wetland communities in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have been highlighted. The review helped to identify that, out of the three factors investigated, the livelihoods of rural wetland dwellers in SSA are mostly influenced by CC and MMA. However, climate change and COVID-19 remain life-altering transboundary threats that extend in space and time, with large uncertainties on wetlands communities livelihoods.
Category: Social Science

Medical Clowning and Art Therapy as a Tool for Medical Facility Transformation

Authors: Anna Degteva, Daria Zarina
Comments: 14 Pages. In Russian with abstract in English

The paper describes the medical clowning in the context of other creative practices used in medical environment. Usually those practices aiming at psychosocial rehabilitation of the patients are performed by members of NGOs, however their importance to the process of treatment is also acknowledged by the medical staff. The work describes three kinds of professionalization within medical art practices: volunteering, professionalization within a creative specialization and as a paramedic. The hospital clowning belongs to the last kind. Its representatives get an extended access to the grounds of the medical institution, actively work towards their professional autonomy and expertise within emotional work. Despite their “external” origin these specialists can become a valuable resource to the medical facility, including their self-representation.
Category: Social Science

Socio-Cultural Changes in Gond Tribal-Culture Brought by Political Interventions of Contemporary Bhosle Maratha’s of Nagpur with Special Reference to Gond Kingdoms of Vidarbha (India)

Authors: Shubham Shiwankar
Comments: 17 Pages.

Gond community is considered to be the one of most ancient tribes of india with counting history of several thousand years. With many upheavals of long drawn political history of india it has undergone through multiple changes in its social and cultural orientations. Significantly earlier under rule of Rajputs (as subordinates of Mughals) and later under socio-cultural umbrella of Marathas, Gond tribe of contemporary Gondwana Kingdom experienced dynamic changes in its cultural and social spheres. This study investigates subsequent changes brought by this Maratha rule with special emphasis on Bhosle’s of Nagpur in Vidarbha region of Modern State of Maharashtra in India. We try to understand reasonable causes, historical conditions, socio-political and economic background under which dynamic changes ranging right from philosophy, language, religion to the cultural heritage of Architectures of Gond Culture. Here, through a thorough investigation of available literary evidences and our appropriate and reasonable logic we also commented on some concepts which are interesting to know about. Overall this study in brief gives idea about changes in social and cultural life on Gond Community after successful establishment and running of Bhosle Rule.
Category: Social Science

The Discourse of Universalism, Moral Relativism & Utilitarianism

Authors: Irfan Ajvazi
Comments: 22 Pages. (Corrections made by viXra Admin to conform with the requirements on the Submission Form - Please conform!)

The historian Herodotus gives the anecdote of Darius, King of Persia, who summoned the Greeks and asked them if they would be willing to eat the bodies of their dead fathers. They replied they would not for any money in the world. Later, Darius asked some Indians of the tribe called Callatiae, (omitted), if they would ever consider burning the bodies, as was the custom among Greeks. “One can see by this what custom can do” writes Herodotus. He draws the conclusion that this story vindicates the view some acts may be right for some and wrong for others, depending on their individual conceptions of morality. The Sophists were also associated with relativistic thinking, notably Protagoras who asserts that “man is the measure of all things”. However, this view was quite uncommon and moral relativism hardly flourished, as Plato and Aristotle both defended forms of moral absolutism. Ancient Greek philosophers acknowledged moral diversity, but more often under the form of moral scepticism, which states that there is no moral knowledge (rather than moral truth is relative to a culture).
Category: Social Science

Does Information Sharing Make a Difference in Pro-Environmental Behaviour? a Study of University Students' Waste Sorting Behaviour at the Hostel Level

Authors: Cyril Amengor, Theophilus Agama
Comments: 19 Pages.

In this article we study the influence of access to information among UHAS students concerning the clarion call to be pro-environmental on their resolution to be attitudinally pro-environmental. We first examined the influence of gender and study level of UHAS students on their natural inclination to be pro-environmental, where there appears to be little or no influence. The influence became staggeringly profound when information sharing and accessibility component was introduced in our model. This underscores the impact of information sharing via various media on students (UHAS) disposition to adopt pro-environmental lifestyles.
Category: Social Science

Sustainable Lean Manufacturing

Authors: Suram Pahalagama
Comments: 79 Pages. NA

The main objectives of this research was to identify and discuss the critical success factors for sustaining the lean concept in the MAS Holdings and to analyze the gap between the existing cultures of apparel manufacturing organizations and the acceptable lean culture. When identifying the contribution factors for a successful lean apparel culture, first of all, it has identified that the human resources play a vital role. Understanding how complex human beings are and understanding the contribution of them to sustain such a system is not easy. For that, first of all, the culture of the society in which the human beings are gathered had been taken into consideration. Hence, lots of literatures were reviewed base on cultural aspects. Then, since the research was based on the apparel Industry, some literatures also being reviewed and the perception towards the Sri Lankan Apparel Industry also taken to be consideration. Then again, as a main part of this research, Lean Manufacturing Concept was highlighted and required theory and the practical aspects were taken into the consideration while the literature review was going on and finally a background for the research was formulated. Base on that platform, the research methodology was designed. MAS Linea Clothing has taken as the framework for this research. The approach would be exploring the secondary data which is related to Linea Clothing with the platform of Lean. Under that two areas were explored as interns’ interview with Lean Advocate and results of the Lean Leadership Assessment Tool. And if there any contradictions with theories or the practical scenario, those discrepancies get cleared through the use of primary research where the Questionnaires and Self-evaluation surveys functioned.
Category: Social Science

The Level of Support of the “special Military Operation” on the Territory of Ukraine Among Citizens of the Russian Federation. the Sociological Survey.

Authors: Artyom V. Bannikov
Comments: 4 Pages. The file contains English and Russian versions of the article.

On the February, 24, 2022 Russian Federation started the “special military operation” on the territory of Ukraine. The sociological survey (interview) was conducted to estimate the level of support for the “special military operation”. The difference between percentages of supporters and non-supporters (44% and 39%, correspondingly) was not statistically significant.
Category: Social Science

The Big History of Humanity: A Macrohistory, Macrosociology and Metahistory of Humankind

Authors: Rochelle Forrester
Comments: 250 Pages.

It is proposed that the ultimate cause of much historical, social and cultural change is the gradual accumulation of human knowledge of the environment. Human beings use the materials in their environment to meet their needs and increased human knowledge of the environment enables human needs to be met in a more efficient manner. Human needs direct human research into particular areas and this provides a direction for historical, social and cultural development. The human environment has a particular structure and human beings have a particular place in it so that human knowledge of the environment is acquired in a particular order. The simplest knowledge, or the knowledge closest to us, is acquired first and more complex knowledge, or knowledge further from us is acquired later. The order of discovery determines the course of human social and cultural history as knowledge of new and more efficient means of meeting human needs results in new technology, which results in the development of new social and ideological systems. This means human history, or a major part of human history, had to follow a particular course, a course that is determined by the structure of the human environment. An examination of the structure of the human environment will reveal the particular order in which our discoveries had to be made. Given that a certain level of knowledge will result in a particular type of society, it is possible to ascertain the types of societies that were inevitable in human history. While it is not possible to make predictions about the future course of human history, it is possible to explain and understand why human history has followed a particular path and why it had to follow that particular path.
Category: Social Science

Geopolitical Conflict Analysis

Authors: Yuji Masuda
Comments: 1 Page.

First of all, there is an Eastern proverb that says, "Too much is not enough”. In this short paper, I would like to analyze the pattern of conflicts by quoting some proverbs. And try to find the most stable pattern of conflict.
Category: Social Science

A Dictionary of Critical Theory by Ian Buchanan and the Graphical Law

Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 18 Pages.

We study A Dictionary of Critical Theory by Ian Buchanan from Oxford University Press. We draw the natural logarithm of the number of entries, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the Dictionary can be characterised by BP(4,$\beta H=0$) i.e. a magnetisation curve for the Bethe-Peierls approximation of the Ising model with four nearest neighbours with $\beta H=0$, in the absence of external magnetic field, H. $\beta$ is $\frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature and $k_{B}$ is the tiny Boltzmann constant. This is the case with the two Dictionaries of Mathematics we have studied before. We surmise that the branch of Mathematics, plausibly, is dual to the Critical Theory.
Category: Social Science

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics and the Graphical Law

Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 17 Pages.

We study the Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics, third edition, edited by Iain Mclean and Alistair Mcmillan. We draw the natural logarithm of the number of entries, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the Dictionary can be characterised by BP(4,$\beta H=0$) i.e. a magnetisation curve for the Bethe-Peierls approximation of the Ising model with four nearest neighbours with $\beta H=0$, in the absence of external magnetic field, H. $\beta$ is $\frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature and $k_{B}$ is the tiny Boltzmann constant.
Category: Social Science

The Penguin Dictionary of Sociology and the Graphical Law

Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 18 Pages.

We study the Penguin Dictionary of Sociology by Nicholas Abercrombie, Stephen Hill and Bryan S. Turner. We draw the natural logarithm of the number of entries, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the Dictionary can be characterised by BP(4,$\beta H=0$) i.e. a magnetisation curve for the Bethe-Peierls approximation of the Ising model with four nearest neighbours with $\beta H=0$, in the absence of external magnetic field, H. $\beta$ is $\frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature and $k_{B}$ is the tiny Boltzmann constant. This is the case with the Oxford Dictionary of Sociology by J. Scott and G. Marshall, we have studied before.
Category: Social Science

Survey on the Use of Innovative Tools of Google Services: A Study

Authors: Basavaraj Kumbar, K. R. Mulla
Comments: 15 Pages.

In this survey research, library professionals of engineering and technological institutions in Karnataka State, INDIA are examined about the awareness level of Google Services. The Google Services are ranked according to the awareness level on the basis of Mean scores. A structured questionnaire was designed in Google Form. The researcher distributed 204 institutions and received 104 responses in a stipulated time. The standard analytical tool was used for analysis and interpretation of the data. This study could give library professionals useful insight into various Google Services to adopt in library services. The mean and standard deviation scores were used for ranking the various Google Services. The questionnaire was distributed through email in a google form with a link. The study conclude that the library professionals must be trained to make them technically skilled in utilizing the Google services for library purpose. The hypothesis study is done between the demographic variables and google services awareness.
Category: Social Science

Impact Of Library and Information Services on the Personality Development of the Specially-abled Students in Karnataka: A Comparative Study

Authors: Dayanandappa Kori, K. R. Mulla
Comments: 17 Pages.

Students with Special Needs are a specific group of students who need additional assistance due to physical, intellectual or mental disabilities and limited physical development. The study examines a comparative study of the impact of library and information services on the personality development of specially-abled students in Karnataka. For this study, data were collected using quantitative and qualitative methods of in-depth interviews, survey methods, and focus group discussions on collecting data from a sample of 36 specially-abled school librarians/in charge in Karnataka. This study is confined to visually impaired schools and hearing impaired schools only. The study findings showed that there was a positive impact of library services on both categories of respondents. However, their challenges rely on their personality development process because they lack modern facilities, hearing loss, and blindness due to less supportive school infrastructures. The study highlights the impact of library and information services on the personality development of specially-abled students. It suggests better library and information services in the contemporary digital and electronic environment. The school libraries under the study should switch over from the traditional environment to the modern ICT environment to cope up with the ever-changing world.
Category: Social Science

Oxford Concise Dictionary of Mathematics, Penguin Dictionary of Mathematics and the Graphical Law

Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 22 Pages.

We study the Oxford Concise Dictionary Of Mathematics by C. Clapham and J. Nicholson and the Penguin Dictionary of Mathematics By D. Nelson, separately. We draw the natural logarithm of the number of entries, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised for both the dictionaries. We conclude that both the Dictionaries can be characterised by BP(4,$\beta H=0$) i.e. a magnetisation curve for the Bethe-Peierls approximation of the Ising model with four nearest neighbours with $\beta H=0$, in the absence of external magnetic field, H. $\beta$ is $\frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature and $k_{B}$ is the tiny Boltzmann constant.
Category: Social Science

Using Machine Learning to Predict Poverty Status in Costa Rican Households

Authors: Ji Yoon Kim
Comments: 13 Pages.

This study presents two supervised multiclassification machine learning models to predict the poverty status of Costa Rican households as a way to support government and business sectors make decisions in a rapidly changing social and economic environment. Using the Costa Rican household dataset collected via the proxy means test conducted by the Inter-American Development Bank, Random Forest and Gradient Boosted Trees achieved F1 scores of 64.9% and 68.4%, respectively. This study also reveals that education has the greatest impact on predicting poverty status.
Category: Social Science

Sisyphus in Hades

Authors: Clark M. Thomas
Comments: 7 Pages.

The somewhat mythological King Sisyphus of Corinth in Greece was the subject of a unique punishment issued by an angry Zeus. Sisyphus was condemned to roll a giant rock up a mountain in Hades. That rock would then roll all the way back down just before they reached the top, requiring infinite repetitions without any reward. That’s the skeleton of this story, but there is much more within his mythological life relevant to modern science and philosophy.
Category: Social Science

Buying Behaviours of Millenials

Authors: Sanchit Narain
Comments: 13 Pages. [Corrections made by viXra Admin to conform with the requirements on the Submission Form]

This research aims to find out the factors, which affect the buying or purchasing behavior in millennials. This research is being done because a lot of previous research only creates a stereotype on GenY. The previous research contain so many gaps and this paper tries to fill those gaps and give an overview on the GenY or Millennials behavior on purchasing. Two major point-of-view camps based on exhaustive literature review are as follows. Firstly, while we have a better understanding of college students brand loyalty, it has been recognized that college students represent only a segment of Gen Y and also recognize the sample of college students used lacks racial and ethnic diversity, and has slightly skewed gender representation. There are limitations of self-reported purchase behavior. Asking subjects to recall past purchase behavior has the potential to induce bias. The use of actual point of sale data would be useful. Secondly, the research did not consider the buyer's perception of the ease or difficulty of performing a given behavior, which may vary across situations and actions. These are the few reasons we need to eliminate in our study, we aim to elaborate on factors affecting the buying behavior of millennials in this paper.
Category: Social Science

On Logical Reasoning in Everyday Affairs

Authors: Bertrand Wong
Comments: 6 Pages.

Logical reasoning in any form is an important aspect of life; it is persuading or convincing others with logic through writing or speech, for example, scientists, politicians, businessmen, financiers, solicitors and many others do this. This paper points out the frequent inefficacy of logical presentations, arguments and debates per se in bringing about the correct and wonted outcomes. It describes the scenario of people frequently involved in fruitless arguments and debates, and shows why the application of logic, for example, in logical argument or debate, could not often achieve the desired outcomes, much of the time ending up with frustration, unhappiness, bad feelings and poor relationships. Scenarios from mathematics, which probably represents the most rigorous form of logical reasoning, and science are described as well. The paper also delves into the problems encountered in logical reasoning as well as some modes of reasoning. It would be difficult and might be impossible to reason with and convince someone with a closed mind-set, someone who has made up the mind not to be convinced, or even someone who is not intelligent enough to be convinced. The paper presents a resolution to this serious problem, which is important, as that would be conducive to peace and harmony.
Category: Social Science

Oxford Dictionary of Media and Communication and the Graphical Law

Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 17 Pages.

We study the Oxford Dictionary Of Media and Communication by Daniel Chandler and Rod Munday. We draw the natural logarithm of the number of entries, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the Dictionary can be characterised by BP(4,$\beta H=0$) i.e. a magnetisation curve for the Bethe-Peierls approximation of the Ising model with four nearest neighbours with $\beta H=0$, in the absence of external magnetic field, H. $\beta$ is $\frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature and $k_{B}$ is the tiny Boltzmann constant.
Category: Social Science

The Discovery of Paternity: Solving the Mystery of Birth

Authors: James Decandole
Comments: 18 Pages.

The discovery of paternity by our ancestors is an intellectual achievement of the greatest importance. With the end of ignorance about sexual reproduction, our species ceased to be wild apes and embarked on humanity’s path to the future. We created the institution of marriage, of monogamous, exclusive mate selection, which made a child’s paternity certain. The founding of the family and a revolution in kinship, parenting, identity, and social status followed. A family is the set of relationships and functions that are fundamental to human culture.
Category: Social Science

对情杀案件的心理因素分析
Analysis of Psychological Factors in Cases of Love Killing

Authors: Wen-Qi Chen
Comments: 10 Pages.

This article analyzes the nature, influencing factors, and countermeasures of love killings, and proposes that love killings are extreme incidents of killing because of emotional conflicts and entanglements. The emotional disputes are divided into four types: breakup disputes, love rival disputes, emotional infidelity, and courtship rejection. kind. The author tried to explore the psychological factors related to the occurrence of love killings: social rejection, frustration, stress, self-esteem, parental rearing styles, and psychological flexibility. Based on the above factors, the author quoted Fromm's views on love to explain what mature love is, and proposed that in order to avoid more love killings, it is advocated to improve the psychological flexibility of individuals, and to know how to identify and stay away from dangerous lovers in time.
Category: Social Science

Main Role of Court Interpreter in Legal System – Final Outcome

Authors: Mirzakhmet Syzdykov
Comments: 3 Pages.

While the past research work was focused on the abstract concepts of the judicial (legal) system and the role of court interpreter in it, in this short article we give the exact answer why the role of court interpreter is important to us with respect to the situation on relativism of social constructionism and the practical meaning of the main question.
Category: Social Science

Social Force in Pedestrian Crowd

Authors: Peng Wang, Xiaoda Wang
Comments: 12 Pages.

This paper provides a new perspective to understand existing controversy on the social force model. These issues include that the social force disobeys Newton 3rd Law, oscillation phenomenon when one agent is approaching another as well as some questions on the faster-is-slower effect. From the perspective of physics these problems seem difficult to explain. This paper provides a new perspective to understand these issues. We introduce a new concept of desired interpersonal distance to explain how the social force is generated from conscious mind of human. Although the social force disobeys Newton 3rd Law, the whole model is exactly within the Newton Laws to characterize pedestrian motion. The oscillation phenomenon may exist in non-physics entity (i.e., desired velocity and desired interpersonal distance) rather than physics entity (i.e., actual velocity and actual distance), and such oscillation is mitigated by treating non-physics entity as variable rather than constant. Very interestingly, the desired velocity represents the motivation level of pedestrian motion, and the faster-is-slower effect is thus explained by Yerkes–Dodson law, explaining how motivation level could improve or impair human performances in a collective sense. This inverted-U effect is further studied with a falling-down model and the numerical testing is exhibited by using FDS+Evac.
Category: Social Science

Operation Sea Lion, the Luftwaffe, the Kanalkampf and the Battle of Britain - The Defence of Britain in 1940 and Air Power in World War 2

Authors: Rochelle Forrester
Comments: 18 Pages. [Corrections are made by viXra Admin to comply with the rules of viXra.org]

Historians usually consider that if the Germans had carried out Operation Sea Lion and invaded Britain in 1940, the invasion would have been defeated by the Royal Navy. This belief is supported by a wargame conducted by the Royal Military Academy at Sandhurst in 1974. However, if the Germans had carried out the invasion correctly it could have been successful as bombing and landings on the south coast of England would have meant the British would lose the benefits of radar. RAF Fighter Command operating without radar would not be able to provide adequate air cover for Royal Navy ships in the English Channel. Without adequate air cover the Royal Navy will be forced out of the English Channel by attacks from the Luftwaffe as warships in World War 2 cannot survive under constant air attack.
Category: Social Science

A Study on Perception and Prevalence of Domestic Violence among LGBT in India

Authors: Dhruva Nandi, Karuna Nidhi Kaur, Mehak Segan, Aanchal Anant Awasthi, Rajiv Janardhanan
Comments: 24 Pages. [Corrections made by viXra Admin to conform with the requirements on the Submission Form]

Introduction: Domestic violence in LGBT relationships largely remains in “stealth mode.” The situation of Indian LGBTQIA people is deplorable; even after the Section 377 period, domestic abuse cases in the form of gang [violence] and physical harassment persist. This evidence, however in no way represent the grim truth. To the best of our knowledge, this will be India's first study analyzing the perceptions and prevalence of domestic violence in the LGBTQIA population. Our research seeks to study LGBTQIA people's perceptions about different aspects of domestic violence, as well as the prevalence of domestic violence in the LGBTQIA community.
Category: Social Science

On Social Psychology of Revenge

Authors: Wen-Qi Chen
Comments: 5 Pages. [Corrections made by viXra Admin to conform with scholarly norm]

Some time ago, a man in Anning City, Anhui Province wounded someone with a knife in a commercial pedestrian street. According to reports, as of 12:00 on June 6, 6 of the 20 injured were killed and the other 14 injured are under active treatment (1 is critically ill and 13 has stable vital signs). Later, with the cooperation of the masses, the public security personnel quickly identified the suspects and quickly captured the suspects. Although the perpetrators have been arrested, many people around them still can't help but ask: Why do people do such terrible things? Why hurt those innocent strangers? Recently, I read Fromm's books and related criminology theories, and wanted to put forward my views on the nature and reasons of the evil of human nature and the social psychology of revenge.
Category: Social Science

The Analytical Parsing and Crisis of Data Loss of Eyewitness Accounting for Future Social Scientists.

Authors: Tariq Khan
Comments: 2 Pages.

A short discussion on the value of recording observational eyewitness account data and opinions from elderly humans to ensure both event-driven subjective data for future analysis as well as aggregate meta-data.
Category: Social Science

Behold the Mighty Hand of God: Joan of Arc, Instrument in Thwarting Global Fascism

Authors: Richard L Amoroso
Comments: 4 Pages. Preprint: Article submitted to Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) publication “The Ensign”, April 2021

The faithful acknowledge the hand of God in all things. It is evident that the evolution of humanity is guided, not random; “the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.” (Gen. 1:2). There is a particular instance, subtle until after the fact, having great import on the modern world. The holy sword of St. Catherine given the Blessed Virgin Joan of Arc, wielded by the hand of the Lord, is thrust 500 years into the future slaying the dragon of fascist Germany. In summary: 15th century France is being conquered by Briton. A 14-year-old peasant girl has a vision of a sword hidden behind an altar in St Catherine’s Church, leads an army given to her by the French Dauphine Charles VII resulting in restoring France as a nation. 300 years later, French King Louis XVI’s support is the major cause of victory in the American Revolutionary war for independence from Briton. Without France, instead of an immense America from sea to shining sea, there would have been 4 to 6 small North American nations. In another 200 years, WWII Allies barely defeat fascist Germany. Without the industrial strength of a United States of America, the likely loss of WWII challenges the Judeo-Christian-Islamic God’s eternal plan for the millennial return of the Messiah ruling in unity from Jerusalem (Israel) and the New Jerusalem (Zion) on the American continent.
Category: Social Science

Effects of Political Choices in the Greek Mortality Rate

Authors: Ronaldo Mayer
Comments: 2 Pages.

In this short article an attempt is made to look closer at the mortality rate in Greece, during the ongoing century. An excess is found, not consistent with a statistical fluctuation, from 2011 until today.
Category: Social Science

Нашествие татаро-монголов на Русь. Что это было (Invasion of the Tatar-Mongols in Russia: What Was It)

Authors: Alexander I. Dubiniansky, Ulija A. Krupenina
Comments: 654 Pages. dubinyansky@mail.ru [Corrections made by viXra Admin to conform with the requirements on the Submission Form]

Изложена авторская версия нашествия татаро-монголов на славян. Изложена полная история возникновения нации татаро-монголов. Изложены причины возникновения человеческих уродств.(The author's version of the invasion of the Tatar-Mongols on the Slavs is presented. The complete history of the emergence of the Tatar-Mongol nation is presented. The reasons for the occurrence of human deformities are stated.)
Category: Social Science

An Introduction to the Relearning Cycle Index $i_{rel}$ and the Average Split Function $\bar{f}_{rel}$ of the Source Energy Exploitation by and for the Neural Networks

Authors: Alexis Zaganidis
Comments: 3 Pages.

We define the relearning cycle index $i_{ReL}$ and the average split function $\bar{f}_{ReL}$ of the source energy exploitation by and for the neural networks. We propose an optimized learning strategy which depend on a fixed relearning cycle index $i_{ReL}$ and a fixed average split function $\bar{f}_{ReL}$. In practice, this theory may explain why the communist politics in Russia and in China faced strong difficulties at the 20th century and why the private companies politics in Western countries faced critical difficulties at the beginning of the 21th century. We conclude with some critical hints for the future relearning cycles of the source energy exploitation by and for the neural networks.
Category: Social Science

Approach to Credit Valuation Adjustment and Wrong Way Risk

Authors: Tim Xiao
Comments: 25 Pages.

This paper presents a Least Square Monte Carlo approach for accurately calculating credit value adjustment (CVA). In contrast to previous studies, the model relies on the probability distribution of a default time/jump rather than the default time itself, as the default time is usually inaccessible. As such, the model can achieve a high order of accuracy with a relatively easy implementation. We find that the valuation of a defaultable derivative is normally determined via backward induction when their payoffs could be positive or negative. Moreover, the model can naturally capture wrong or right way risk.
Category: Social Science

Shared Semantic Structures for Automobile Brands Among U.S. Residents

Authors: Namanh Vu Hoang
Comments: 36 Pages.

This research utilizes implementation of classic methods for systematic data collection using the medium of the Internet to investigate the idea of culture as a shared cognitive semantic structure. We used the material domain of automobile manufacturer brand names to investigate our intuition that a shared understanding exists within the American culture and is pervasive across a diversity of demographic groups. Semantic structure information for 48 automobile manufacturer brand names was obtained using two association tasks (free-list and pile-sort) for a sample of 927 English-speaking United States residents recruited from online sources. Using this data, we estimate the shared structure of perceived similarity among automobile brands within the sampled population, and investigate the extent to which this structure reflects a cultural consensus, which is shared across demographic groups. Employing multidimensional scaling methods, we explore the properties of this structure and provide our interpretation in terms of known brand attributes. Via an additional instrument, we also measure subjects' tendency to infer that novel information regarding one brand will be causally relevant for assessing the properties of other brands. We use this data to test the hypothesis that closely associated brands are seen as causally relevant, net of objective factors such as ownership by the same firm. Major findings include the following: (i) a comparison of semantic structures on the semantic domain of automobile brand names among subjects shows strong consensus with little variation across demographic groups, (ii) the different elicitation methods give strong convergent results, (iii) the detectable properties in determining semantic structure are region of origin and perceived brand luxuriousness, and (iv) the semantic structure of automobile brand names shows weak correlation between closely associated brands and causal relevancy. These results show that knowledge of the domain of automobile manufacturer brand names is representative of a systemic pattern with significant cultural investment, and that administration of cognitive association methods via an Internet-based instrument is appropriate for measuring these less intuitive domains and are adequate for producing large and diverse samples across vast geographic distances.
Category: Social Science

Humanology 1: Politics, Physics, and Metaphysics

Authors: Huhnkie Lee
Comments: 277 Pages. [Corrections made by viXra Admin to conform with the requirements on the Submission Form]

This book is a collection of five academic research papers written by the aforementioned author in Alaska between August 2020 and December 2020.
Category: Social Science

Freedom TO and Freedom FROM

Authors: Clark M. Thomas
Comments: 3 Pages.

This meditation on the 2020-2021 viral holocaust examines how certain elements in the Land of the Free have led to excessive numbers of cases and deaths that could have been prevented by public health measures, as proven by several countries around the world. What is it about our America and about our human species that lures us into actions and inactions that are not scientifically logical and rational? What lessons can be learned that will help our species survive emerging existential challenges associated with unchecked population and climate changes?
Category: Social Science

Coronavirus (Covid-19) and the Benefits of Physical Activity During Quarantine

Authors: Rafahiya Bouchareb, Zaid Laadjal
Comments: 5 Pages.

In this short note, we present an overview of novel coronavirus (Covid-19) outbreaks in most countries of the world. Some procedures taken to combat the coronavirus. We proposed the practice of physical activities during the quarantine period, and we showed their importance and their positive effects.
Category: Social Science

Origins of American Racism

Authors: Clark M. Thomas
Comments: 7 Pages.

A simple experiment I designed and carried out when I was five years old became the foundation years later of a deep understanding of the prejudicial “scientific” information that supports the origins of American racial prejudice.
Category: Social Science

The Application of Mathematics to Warfare the Battle of Crecy, the Battle of Carrhae, Mongol Battle Tactics, the Battle of Fredericksburg, the Battle of Outpost Snipe and the Battle of Medenine ,

Authors: Rochelle Forrester
Comments: 15 Pages.

The application of mathematics to a problem or question often leads to a deeper understanding of the problem or question and sometimes to an answer to the problem or question. The application of mathematics to warfare is possible in many situations, especially in relation to matters that involve the range, rate of fire, accuracy and effectiveness of missile weapons such as bow and arrows and firearms. This enables us to explain the results of many battles in the past and to predict the results of many battles in the future as many battles in the future may involve missile fire.
Category: Social Science

Eternal Commercial Landmark and Riemann Hypothesis (2)

Authors: Aaron Chau
Comments: 7 Pages.

In order to achieve better results in real estate investment and environmental protection planning, and also in order to have an eternal commercial building landmark to load our era into the history ; so such is human nature that kings, prime ministers, presidents, and chairpersons in different political systems , party committee secretaries and investors, they all hope to build an eternal commercial landmark in their country. However, where does the concept of eternal in the design diagram of this eternal landmark come from?
Category: Social Science

A New Model for Pricing Collateralized Derivatives

Authors: Tim Xiao
Comments: 26 Pages.

This paper presents a new model for pricing OTC derivatives subject to collateralization. It allows for collateral posting adhering to bankruptcy laws. As such, the model can back out the market price of a collateralized contract. This framework is very useful for valuing outstanding derivatives. Using a unique dataset, we find empirical evidence that credit risk alone is not overly important in determining credit-related spreads. Only accounting for both collateral arrangement and credit risk can sufficiently explain unsecured credit costs. This finding suggests that failure to properly account for collateralization may result in significant mispricing of derivatives. We also empirically gauge the impact of collateral agreements on risk measurements. Our findings indicate that there are important interactions between market and credit risk.
Category: Social Science

United Humanity: from "UN 2.0" to "UN 3.0" the Conceptual Model of the United Nations for the XXI Century

Authors: Vladimir I. Rogozhin
Comments: 14 Pages. Essay for The "New Shape Prtize" Contest of the Global Challenges Foundation 2017

The conceptual model of United Nations reform - "UN 3.0" includes the General Program of Action on UN Reform, consisting of two stages. The first stage envisages the transformation of the main organs of the UN - the General Assembly and the Security Council with measures to improve the effectiveness of the management system, address the "veto problem", problem of financing, improve staff work and administrative and financial control, strengthen UN media, improvement of work with the Global Civil Society.
Category: Social Science

UN75 ↔ Towards Security Council Reform ↔ Metaphysical, Ontological, and Existential Statuses of the Veto Right (1)

Authors: Vladimir I. Rogozhin
Comments: 4 Pages. Development of ideas on UN reform presented in the essay "United Humanity: from "UN 2.0" to "UN 3.0" The conceptual model of the United Nations for the XXI century" (2017)

From year to year some of us, people of planet Earth, Earthlings, attacks intensify on the veto right in the UN Security Council. They consciously or unconsciously ignore its metaphisical, ontological and existential statuses established in 1945 by the founders of the United Nations as a result of the multimillion sacrificial struggle of all Humanity against nazism. Perhaps this is due to a misunderstanding of the metaphysics of international relations, the enduring existential significance of the veto for the viability of the entire UN system in the nuclear-ecological information era, or because of the veiled, formal-procedural veto status enshrined in the UN Charter. The authors of the attacks substantiate their conclusions by the "non-democracy", "ineffectiveness" of the UN Security Council, "unfair privileges" of the five permanent members of the Security Council ("P1945"), a significant increase in the number of UN member states after 1945, the fate of the League of Nations, "geopolitical realities". According to the attackers, the veto in the UN Security Council makes the decision-making process "unequal and abortive", which does not contribute to maintaining peace and preventing civil wars, genocide, violation of human rights and aggression in international relations. Some politicians and experts propose not only to limit the veto right of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council, but to completely deprive them of this right, which, as we know, are nuclear powers and bear the main responsibility for international security, the preservation of peace and life itself on planet Earth. Taking into account 75-years experience in the use of the veto right in the UN Security Council, with the aim of strengthening the historical, metaphysical, existential and procedural-legal significance of the veto right, its fundamental role in resolving the most complex international problems in the context of the constantly increasing threats and risks of our times during the reform of the UN Security Council with the increased number of members of the Security Council, the UN Charter must establish two essential levels of the veto right: 1. Absolute (unconditional, eternal) veto — "VETO1945": 2. Conditional (limited) veto.
Category: Social Science

Un75 ↔ Philosophical Basics of un Reform ↔ Security Council Reform ↔ un Funding System (2)

Authors: Vladimir I. Rogozhin
Comments: 6 Pages. Development of ideas on UN reform presented in the essay "United Humanity: from "UN 2.0" to "UN 3.0" The conceptual model of the United Nations for the XXI century" (2017)

The reform of the United Nations Organization is realized by us, Earthlings, the need to take deeply thought-out steps towards a constructive transition to a system of global governance of the highest level of democracy, efficiency and certainty, as a result of the wide participation of the Open Global Civil Society in the international political process, towards building a global security minimization of existential threats and risks, increasing the responsibility of politicians and peoples for preserving life in our common home - Mother Earth, achieving the good for all of Humanity: the transition from "UN 2.0" to "UN 3.0" - the United Nations of the XXI century, to the architecture of a Sustainable LifeWorld Governance: "UNO-Сentric multipolar multilaterality".
Category: Social Science

Analytical Psychology, an Information Theory Approach

Authors: Theodoros Aliferis
Comments: 10 Pages.

In the article "The introduction of the Einstein Model of a Solid, to Analytical Psychology", I documented that from an energetic perspective, the psyche as defined in Analytical Psychology (AP), can be considered an abstract Einstein Solid (ES). According to the theory of AP, and particularly the "principle of equivalence", the total number q of Values of the psyche, or equivalently the internal energy U when viewed as an ES, is a constant of the system. This allows, though, the psyche to be free to alter the number of its Structures (AP), or equivalently the number of its quantum harmonic oscillators (ES). As a consequence, the psyche’s information content will vary. In this article I study the case of small deviations of the psyche, or ES, from equilibrium but I do not do non-equilibrium statistics.
Category: Social Science

Strategies for Narrowing Down The Dropout Rate and Fostering Digital Learning

Authors: A. B. M. Jonayed Hossain
Comments: 4 Pages.

COVID-19 outbreak has already destabilized our education sector with serious consequences. Particularly for primary and secondary education, these consequences have significant impacts on: (1) dropout issue (2) learning issue. This article highlights these two major issues and addresses them with proposed solutions.
Category: Social Science

从为人立场属性出发阐明“虚”与“实”复合对应的辩证存在方式和辩证存在关系

Authors: Yansha Yu-Sandstrom
Comments: 14 Pages.

一．立“务虚”为贵党研究转型创建理论之本，存在以“虚”盖全的重大偏误。因为有“虚”就有“实”，且“虚”和“实”均为人类从自身立场属性出发复合对应展现展开三位一体/三位约一体的存在方式和存在关系。二．立“务虚”助贵党研究转型成为宗教信仰组织将会是人类一场大劫难 三．为人生死和上述第四类“零/灵魂”/“灵魂”之“虚”的存在方式和存在关系
Category: Social Science

How Does the Internet Influence International Politics? – Take China as an Example

Authors: Xianbo Wu
Comments: 29 Pages.

The purpose of this article is to discuss about the potential impact of the Internet, as an indispensable part embedded in today’s human society, upon the international politics. There are two key points to emphasize on: How the Internet might influence the macroscopic power distribution, and how the Internet might exert its impact upon the domestic politics of a state, then influence its foreign-orientation. The article takes China as a case for study. On the one side, China’s military-based cyber-power has been developing at a fast speed estimated by some scholars, and the information technology is well utilized to support conventional military power, both of which lead to the suspect and countermeasures by other countries, and there might be a security dilemma based on the information technology, similar as any other technologies in the history influencing power distribution. On the other side, the Internet also motivates China’s development of economy. However, it makes less impact upon China’s domestic politics, as the public tends to be accustomed to the narratives and images projected by the government, whose mechanism will be focused on and illustrated in detail in the article. The situation of the Chinese Internet determines that an “information-driven democratization” is not likely to happen in China. The authoritarian operation of the Internet guarantees China’s political order to a degree, but it might reinforce the divergence of the identity and interests between China and democratic countries represented by the United States. In China’s special case, the Internet plays a pessimistic role in its foreign relations on the whole, referring to three major theoretical frameworks of international relations research.
Category: Social Science

A Discussion on China’s Dynamic Economic Openness and Delayed Political Openness

Authors: Xianbo Wu
Comments: 55 Pages.

Western decision makers once held the belief that economic openness and prosperity could ultimately result in a democratic China, and such an idea provided important justifications for engaging China into the global economic system. Today China is the second largest economies in the world and one of the major supporters of globalization. However, the country has not made significant progress in political openness in the past few decades. This paper attempts to delve into the puzzle why economic openness and development fail to promote political openness and liberalization in China. It argues that the country’s current socio-political structure and international context form an unfavorable combination that gives the ruling-class no major incentives to consult with social classes especially the middle class. While a strategy engaging China into the liberal economic system is justifiable, the insufficient time and effectiveness to implement such a strategy importantly explain China’s political status quo.
Category: Social Science

A Review of Coaching Leadership Style in Transformational Leadership Practices

Authors: Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 7 Pages. This paper has not been submitted to a journal. Comments are welcome

In a recent paper, there is a discussion aiming to propose a mathematical method for measuring the transformational leadership degree in the company. The method is based on the opinion of colleagues and subordinates of the leader about its leadership capacity, rather than on the study of its own personality. The method is derived from the neutrosophical psychology theory, since it is considered not only the concepts of or , but for the first time the is defined to classify those people who exist in the organization that neither direct, nor restrain the development of the company, moreover, the a-leadership can be a component of any leader’s personality. We extend the study to include coach-leadership style.
Category: Social Science

What if Society’s Primary Spending Outlay Was on Mental Health Initiatives?

Authors: Tariq Khan
Comments: 3 Pages.

If negative or abusive actions in interpersonal relations that lead to trauma are more common than known and if victims of abuse to some degree promulgate these very same actions at a multiplicative rate then there may be an inherent need to increase focus and spending on mental health initiatives from an inherent misunderstanding of the scale of the problem and its subsequent major impact on the well being of entire societies.
Category: Social Science

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr and His Beloved Nation

Authors: Guillermo Rios
Comments: 4 Pages.

This is an essay about the significance of Dr. King's "I have a dream" speech, but using Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address as a template and source of style and inspiration. This work was shared in the political forum of Glendale Community College, Glendale, California, USA.
Category: Social Science

The Case for Proportional Allocation of Presidential Electors

Authors: Jabari Zakiya
Comments: 30 Pages.

The paper presents a simple and fair method to proportionally allocate presidential electors from each state, in a transparent and reproducible manner, based solely on mathematical considerations. States are free to adopt this method for allocating their electors on their own, and citizen led movements can organize to create ballot initiatives for its adoption in their states to force it. Its adoption will create a host of benefits to voters and the country, resulting in more fair and democratic electoral outcomes.
Category: Social Science

现代社会问题及其解决方案 [modern Social Issues and Proposed Solutions]

Authors: Yansha Yu-sandstrom
Comments: 8 Pages.

2015年大陆线装书局出版的著作“宇宙学：人类文明智慧交叉整合共通共识理论原理”、2014年大陆“前沿科学”以“宇宙生命复合立体同步划分整合相生演进原理”为名出版的其中前四个章节、2014年美国“前沿数学”杂志发表的“《自然规律原理》健全科学建模”三文合成的最新简洁版本，“包容完满的科学信仰及其《自然规律原理》——三位一体原理”，通过三大相辅相成缺一不可阐明任何人、事、物的自然法则，演绎和解决地球人类不同文明文化理念信仰学科制度各自，在现代化发展进程中存在的根本问题及其解决方案。本文，从引领人类现代化发展的西方社会关键问题入手，进而阐述中国一党独裁专制社会的关键问题，希望有助二位国家领导人，慎而重之因地制宜地领先开启各自国民悟性觉醒文明社会成熟发展的改革之路，为人类终将走向世界大同，奠定理念制度共通共识的雄厚合作基础。 在西方，文明基石《圣经》失传已久的“三位一体”原理中，“圣父”、“圣灵”、“圣体”、“圣子”各自复合对应，代表不同寓意。因此，人们对同一事物具有不同名称、不同事物具有同一名称，不同事物具有不同名称，产生了极大的认识混乱。在法则一、法则二基础上，举法则三.一“人类三大支柱型认知”*注1为例： 详见全文
Category: Social Science

Dictionary of American Family Names by Elsdon C. Smith and the Graphical Law

Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 19 Pages.

We study Dictionary of American Family Names by Elsdon C. Smith. We draw the natural logarithm of the number of entries, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the Dictionary can be characterised by BP(4,$beta H=0.01$) i.e. a magnetisation curve for the Bethe-Peierls approximation of the Ising model with four nearest neighbours in the presence of external magnetic field, H, with $beta H=0.01$. $beta$ is $frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature and $k_{B}$ is the tiny Boltzmann constant.
Category: Social Science

Dictionary of Sports by Dr. S.K.Srivastava and Ms. Tanvangi Singh and the Graphical Law

Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 19 Pages.

We study Dictionary of Sports by Dr. K.K. Srivastava and Ms. Tanvangi Singh. We draw the natural logarithm of the number of entries, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the Dictionary can be characterised by BP(4,$beta H=0.01$) i.e. a magnetisation curve for the Bethe-Peierls approximation of the Ising model with four nearest neighbours in the presence of external magnetic field, H, with $beta H=0.01$.$beta$ is $frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature and $k_{B}$ is the tiny Boltzmann constant.
Category: Social Science

The Future Collapse of the Global Human Population.

Authors: Richard Michael Blaber
Comments: 17 Pages. Creative Commons License, CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.

As a follow-up to a preceding paper (Blaber, 2024 [1]), this paper will supply a simple mathematical model of the collapse of the global human population coinciding with that of the advanced industrial capitalist society predicted therein, and expand on the thesis presented earlier, taking account of such issues as global supply chains and the vulnerability of nodes in complex systems, giving rise to social entropy. The super-exponential growth of human population was enabled by the extraction and burning of fossil fuels, and renewable forms of energy will not be able to sustain a remotely similar level of population.
Category: Social Science

A Dictionary of British Surnames by P. H. Reaney and the Graphical Law

Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 20 Pages.

We study A Dictionary of British Surnames by P. H. Reaney.We draw the natural logarithm of the number of entries, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the Dictionary can be characterised by BP(4,$beta H=0.01$) i.e. a magnetisation curve for the Bethe-Peierls approximation of the Ising model with four nearest neighbours in the presence of external magnetic field, H, with $beta H=0.01$.$beta$ is $frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature and $k_{B}$ is the tiny Boltzmann constant.
Category: Social Science

Illogical Categorization and Positive Associations in Product and Company Impressions: Experimental Studies from China

Authors: Bryce Petofi Towne, Wang Zhang, Chunying Cui
Comments: 37 Pages.

The concept of Illogical Classification-Based Thinking (ICBT): the tendency to group traits based on impressions rather than logical connections, is related to consumer behavior. This study explores how ICBT and Positive Associations influence consumer impressions of products and companies in a Chinese context. We conducted two large-scale experiments involving 660 participants, divided into three groups: control (indefinite attributes), experimental (definite attributes), and experimental with AI-generated visuals. Results showed that ICBT significantly influences consumer impressions even with indefinite attributes, and definite attributes enhance positive impressions. AI-generated visuals generally reinforced positive impressions, though their impact varied. Notably, while cis-female participants exhibited stronger positive impressions with definite attributes and visuals, the gender differences were not as pronounced as hypothesized. These findings provide insights into the cognitive processes driving consumer behavior, emphasizing the role of ICBT in forming positive associations and offering practical recommendations for marketers. Future research should explore these phenomena across diverse cultural settings and examine the long-term effects of ICBT on consumer behavior.
Category: Social Science

Minimal Dividing Odd Subsets Are Related to the Golden Ratio

Authors: Mathis Antonetti
Comments: 5 Pages.

In this note, we give a proof for a lower bound (though not a satisfying one) of the density of minimal dividing odd subsets where the goldenratio surprisingly appears. We also provide some other properties of such integer subsets and some new insight on the relationship between minimaldividing odd subsets and the Goldbach conjecture. We argue that the study of minimal dividing odd subsets is a new and interesting starting point to prove the Goldbach conjecture.
Category: Social Science

The Inevitable Collapse of Advanced Industrial Society

Authors: Richard Michael Blaber
Comments: 29 Pages. Creative Commons License, CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.

This paper will argue that the collapse of advanced industrial society is inevitable on a global scale in the near-term (i.e., in a matter of decades from present), and that, furthermore, it will be irreversible. Industrial society, generally, will be seen as an aberration or anomaly in human history, one costly in terms of human life and suffering, as well as ecological devastation, lasting no more than three hundred years from the start of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain in 1750 CE to its terminus in circa 2050 CE. If humanity is to survive, it must be in much smaller numbers, and with far less impact on the planet.
Category: Social Science

Exploring the Impact of Artificial Intelligence-Mediated Communication on Bias and Information Loss in Non-academic and Academic Writing Contexts

Authors: Bryce Petofi Towne
Comments: 54 Pages.

Artificial Intelligence-Mediated Communication (AI-MC) is reshaping message construction, dissemination, and interpretation. This dual-study examines AI-MC's impact on positivity bias and information retention in non-academic and academic writing. Findings show nuanced bias effects across large language models (LLMs), with ChatGPT 4.0 reducing perceived bias in non-academic texts and no significant information loss between original and AI-refined texts. These results support cautious AI integration in academic publications and highlight the need for further research on AI-MC's limitations and implications across diverse languages and cultures.
Category: Social Science

Exploring the Impact of Artificial Intelligence-Mediated Communication on Bias and Information Loss in Non-academic and Academic Writing Contexts

Authors: Bryce Petofi Towne
Comments: 25 Pages.

Artificial Intelligence-Mediated Communication (AI-MC) is transforming the way messages are constructed, disseminated, and interpreted, with large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, Claude, and Gemini increasingly being integrated into various facets of writing, including academic and scientific contexts. While AI-MC has the potential to enhance writing efficiency, overcome language barriers, and foster diversity in text creation, it also raises concerns about bias, information loss, and the overall impact on communication accuracy and integrity.Previous research has highlighted the complex role of AI in mediated communication, its influence on language use, interpersonal dynamics, and the ethical implications of AI integration. However, there is a notable gap in research specifically addressing AI-MC's role in non-academic and academic writing contexts, despite the widespread recognition and application of AI-MC in these domains.Here, we present a dual-study approach to investigate the impact of AI-MC, specifically through LLMs, on positivity bias and information loss in non-academic and academic writing contexts. Our findings reveal that LLMs exhibit varied effects on bias perception, with ChatGPT 4.0 significantly reducing perceived bias in non-academic texts, while Claude 3 Opous and Gemini Advanced show no significant impact or slight enhancement of bias, respectively. Surprisingly, ChatGPT demonstrated the ability to convey emotional intensity more accurately than the original authors. In terms of information loss, no significant differences were found between original and AI-refined texts across both studies.These results contribute to the ongoing discourse on the ethical, cultural, and technological considerations of AI-MC in scholarly communication. They provide empirical support for the policies of mainstream publishers permitting the use of AI for language polishing in academic articles. However, the study also highlights the need for further research to address limitations such as the exclusive focus on Chinese texts and participants, and to explore the implications across different languages and cultural contexts.As AI continues to evolve and integrate into various aspects of communication, understanding its nuanced effects on bias and information loss will be crucial for harnessing its potential while mitigating unintended consequences. This study lays the groundwork for future research to delve deeper into the complex interplay between language, technology, and culture in shaping text comprehension and perception in the era of AI-mediated communication.
Category: Social Science

Exploring the Complexities of AI-Mediated Communication and Human-Machine Communication

Authors: Bryce Petofi Towne
Comments: 26 Pages.

The rapid advancements in AI technologies, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), have blurred the lines between AI-Mediated Communication (AI-MC) and Human-Machine Communication/Human-Artificial Intelligence Communication (HMC/HAIC). This paper introduces novel concepts such as AI-Assisted Communication (AI-AC) and AI-Dominated Communication (AI-DC) within AI-MC and proposes a theoretical framework positioning LLMs as communicators with dual sender-receiver roles. The framework is extended to encompass Generative AI technologies, offering a novel perspective on AI's multifaceted role in human communication processes. By integrating insights from diverse research perspectives, the paper contributes to the advancement of communication theory, highlights ethical considerations, and aims to stimulate further investigations into the transformative impact of AI on human communication.Keywords: AI-Mediated Communication, Human-Machine Communication, Large Language Models, AI-Assisted Communication, AI-Dominated Communication, Generative AI
Category: Social Science

Magnus Thane of Halton Progenitor Hypothesis: Assheton, Kirkby and Nettleton Families

Authors: Stuart J. Nettleton
Comments: 13 Pages.

This Research Note investigates Magnus Thane of Halton as the Progenitor of the Assheton, Kirkby and Nettleton Families. Recent Y-DNA evidence is evaluated. The hypothesis is assessed through five sub-hypotheses. Although the hypothesis has a high probability of 78%, at this stage the absence of direct Y-DNA evidence in two critical phases of the chain of causality and consequential methodological reliance on inference leads to a lower confidence in the progenitor hypothesis of 52%. In other words, the hypothesis would pass the balance of probabilities criterion used in civil cases but would not yet pass the criterion used in criminal cases of being beyond reasonable doubt.
Category: Social Science

Unifying Gender Perspectives: Bridging the Divide with Gender Acknowledgement Theory

Authors: Bryce Petofi Towne
Comments: 89 Pages.

In the evolving discourse on gender diversity, the distinction between social recognition and acceptance of transgender and non-binary (TGNB) individuals remains inadequately explored, despite its critical importance for both theoretical understanding and practical application. This paper introduces the Gender Acknowledgement Theory (GAT), a novel theoretical framework designed to bridge the existing gap in understanding gender diversity by advocating for a combined approach that intergrates both biological and psychological aspects to acknowledge gender. Through a comprehensive analysis of societal attitudes towards TGNB individuals in both the United States and China, this study reveals a significant polarization in the U.S. and a neutral to slightly negative perspective in China regarding social recognition and acceptance. However, the introduction of GAT and the "Ta" pronoun demonstrates a potential for improving social recognition and acceptance across diverse cultural contexts. The empirical investigation highlights the broader applicability of GAT, suggesting its role in enhancing understanding, communication, and societal integration of TGNB individuals. The findings contribute to the ongoing debate on gender identity, offering insights into the complexities of gender diversity and proposing a path forward for achieving greater inclusivity and understanding in society.KeywordsGender Diversity, Transgender, Non-Binary, Social Recognition, Social Acceptance, Gender Acknowledgement Theory (GAT), "Ta" Pronoun, Societal Attitudes, Cultural Contexts, Inclusivity
Category: Social Science

La Puebla de Almoradiel, el lugar de la Mancha de Don Quijote

Authors: Daniel Consalles
Comments: 17 Pages.

En este estudio tratamos de identificar el famoso "lugar de la Mancha" de Don Quijote, asumiendo que la distancia media por jornada es unos 30 kms e identificando tres poblaciones a menos de una día de distancia del pueblo de Don Quijote (El Toboso, Quintanar de la Orden y el Campo de Criptana). Añadiendo diversos criterios adicionales limitamos el alcance a una pequeña zona de cuatro villas (Quero, Miguel Esteban, La Villa de don Fadrique y la Puebla de Almoradiel). Finalmente, tras analizar el primer viaje a la venta del caballero, llegamos a la conclusión que la aldea de Don Quijote es la Puebla de Almoradiel.

In this study we try to identify the famous "place of La Mancha" of Don Quixote, assuming that the average distance per day is about 30 kms and identifying three towns less than a day's distance from the town of Don Quixote (El Toboso, Quintanar of the Orden y el Campo de Criptana). Adding several additional criteria, we limited the scope to a small area of four villas (Quero, Miguel Esteban, La Villa de don Fadrique and the Puebla de Almoradiel). Finally, after analyzing the primer viaje a la venta del caballero, we came to the conclusion that the village of Don Quixote is the Puebla de Almoradiel.
Category: Social Science

Is the Timing of Human Warfare Correlated with Cyclical Dopamine and Serotonin Levels

Authors: Tariq Khan
Comments: 16 Pages. addition of final analysis of week information

A short and informal essay speculating on the impact of pollen and, thus, histamine on human serotonin levels, especially violence and warfare. The peak pollen months in spring of February, March, April, and May and the fall months of August and September are proposed as having higher levels of "impulsive anger" from the histamine-driven lowered serotonin in humans especially human males. The start dates of all war battles from 2001 to 2023 and from 1900 to 2023 as listed in Wikipedia are examined by month where the ranking, as well as medical research results, support the hypothesis.
Category: Social Science

A Blockchain-Based Solution to Property Rights in Sri Lanka

Authors: Rumi Nagpal
Comments: 57 Pages.

This paper explores a possible solution for the property rights crisis in Sri Lanka. I propose a blockchain-based solution, combing public and private blockchains to store all land titles in Sri Lanka. The system will also allow users to buy, sell, and transfer property on a secure platform. Sri Lanka's land registry’s department is plagued with corruption - where politicians and businessmen sell and use fake deeds - the blockchain network eliminates all corruption through the use of hash keys. The system allows land titles to be accessed instantly, which ensures that people can take a loan against their immobile assets immediately, to help grow their business; thus rejuvenating a crumbling Sri Lankan economy. The system increases reliability, accountability, efficiency, and security. The public will be directly involved in the system as they monitor it, along with designated monitors, white-hat hackers, the government, and banks. The paper proposes that the government allows a private company to build the network to maintain decentralization. The system will run on autopilot, and the government will fund the system. The research implemented in this analysis has been conducted through interviews with employees in the Registrar General's Department, and by using other research papers and peer-reviewed journals online. One can expect an in-depth analysis covering the blockchain network's design, understanding why it is perfect for Sri Lanka (due to the Bim Saviya and e-Land Acts), and the limitations of the solution - including how the government and the company which sets up the network can tackle them.
Category: Social Science

The Case for Score Voting

Authors: Warren D. Smith
Comments: 9 Pages. New version after slight changes mainly suggested by referees & readers.

Score voting (also called range voting) uses a ratings ballot. Each voter assigns (to as many candidates as she wishes) a number in a specified range. Greatest average score wins. Two main lines of evidence show score voting is a good decision-making method: biology and computer simulation. Honeybees achieved evolutionary success by annually deciding their new hive location via score voting. Some ants also use score voting. Computer simulations have been used to compare score versus other election methods by the criterion of Bayesian regret (BR), i.e. the expected value of the avoidable human unhappiness caused by an action—in this case the use of an election method. Score voting consistently outperforms other election methods measured by BR. Score voting also is among the simplest voting methods.
Category: Social Science

Information Sharing as a Determinant of Pro-Environmental Behaviour in Student Population in Ghana.

Authors: C. Amengor, T. Agama, O. Boapeah
Comments: 32 Pages. This is a revised submission to the journal.

Since the dawn of time, people have struggled to find a lasting solution to the persistent problem of waste management and segregation. The amount and variety of waste produced globally has grown exponentially along with the ongoing rise in human population. As a result, there have been several studies conducted in this field, some of which have been supported by private organizations, NGOs, and governments. In order to protect the environment whiles progressively achieving global sustainable development, Pro-Environmental Behaviour (PEB) has been advocated as a universal personal endeavour. In affluent nations like the United States of America (USA), the United Kingdom (UK), and France, there is a lot of research on PEB. There is, however, a dearth of study on PEB in developing nations, the majority of which are found on the continent of Africa, where poor waste management and segregation is a major problem.The goal of this study is to better understand how university students at the University of Health and Allied Sciences (UHAS) in Ghana, a developing country, acquire and share knowledge on waste management and segregation. This will give further details on the main channels by which the student body communicates information about the environment. Also, it will allow us to do a chi-square analysis to ascertain the association between gender, academic level, and the students' garbage sorting. Ultimately, it investigates how students' attitudes or behaviours change after receiving thorough instruction on the significance of acting in an environmentally friendly manner. At first, the study gave more information about the effects of ineffective waste management and segregation.Following this is a literature review that focuses on defining pro-environmental behaviour, which is followed by a methodology that describes the tools to be used in this study. The following conclusions were drawn from the study: The association between a student's characteristics—such as gender and academic level—and their propensity to act in an environmentally friendly manner appears to be weak or even non-existent. Also, a subsequent examination on students' garbage sorting behaviour in relation to their academic level produced outcomes that were comparable to those of gender. The benefit of exhibiting a pro-environmental behaviour has been made clear to pupils, and it can be determined that they were ready to accept these standards after receiving this information.
Category: Social Science

Gender Differences in Empathy Among Iranian Medical Students

Authors: Hasan Farati, Elnaz Kamali, Mohsen Shakerdoost
Comments: 9 Pages.

In this study we assessed Iranian medical students’ response to different empathy scales and then assessed their relations with personality, emotional and demographic characteristics. We conducted a descriptive and correlational research. Subjects were recruited voluntarily from eight universities in Iran. Data was obtained by administering a self report questionnaire. Empathy was assessed by the Jefferson Scale of Empathy and Interpersonal Reactivity Scale. We found significant gender differences in empathy in medical students. Year of the college also meaningfully predicted some aspects of empathy.
Category: Social Science

An Introduction to the Relearning Cycle Index $i_{rel}$ and the Average Split Function $\bar{f}_{rel}$ of the Source Energy Exploitation by and for the Neural Networks.

Authors: Alexis Zaganidis
Comments: 3 Pages.

We define the relearning cycle index $i_{ReL}$ and the average split function $\bar{f}_{ReL}$ of the source energy exploitation by and for the neural networks. We propose an optimized learning strategy which depend on a fixed relearning cycle index $i_{ReL}$ and a fixed average split function $\bar{f}_{ReL}$. In practice, this theory may explain why the communist politics in Russia and in China faced strong difficulties at the 20th century and why the private companies politics in Western countries faced critical difficulties at the beginning of the 21th century. We conclude with some critical hints for the future relearning cycles of the source energy exploitation by and for the neural networks.
Category: Social Science

Analytical Psychology, an Information Theoretic Approach

Authors: Theodoros Aliferis
Comments: 11 pages.

In the article "The introduction of the Einstein Model of a Solid, to Analytical Psychology", I documented that from an economic point of view, the psyche as defined in Analytical Psychology (AP), can be considered an abstract Einstein Solid (ES).

In this article, I examine the case of an interacting ES (grand canonical ensemble) and the results of this interaction in its Information content. I consider fluctuations in the number of the quantum harmonic oscillators (or Structures of the psyche in AP) and energy quanta (or Values in AP). For fluctuations, the microcanonical and grand canonical ensemble are considered equivalent. This means that we are allowed to examine the psyche both in isolation (as originally identified with the ES) and also as an open system accepting fluctuations in its core elements.
Category: Social Science

The Case for Proportional Allocation of Presidiential Electors

Authors: Jabari Zakiya
Comments: 29 Pages. Updated narrative; data thru April 2024.

The paper presents a simple and fair method to proportionally allocate presidential electors from each state, in a transparent and reproducible manner, based solely on mathematical considerations. States are free to adopt this method for allocating their electors on their own, and citizen led movements can organize to create ballot initiatives for its adoption in their states to force it. Its adoption will create a host of benefits to voters and the country, resulting in more fair and democratic electoral outcomes.
Category: Social Science

The Case for Proportional Allocation of Presidiential Electors

Authors: Jabari Zakiya
Comments: 29 Pages. Update to include 2020 election results

The paper presents a simple and fair method to proportionally allocate presidential electors from each state, in a transparent and reproducible manner, based solely on mathematical considerations. States are free to adopt this method for allocating their electors on their own, and citizen led movements can organize to create ballot initiatives for its adoption in their states to force it. Its adoption will create a host of benefits to voters and the country, resulting in more fair and democratic electoral outcomes.
Category: Social Science