Relativity and Cosmology

Herds and Shepherds in Cosmology

Authors: Martín López-Corredoira
Comments: 5 pages, published in Science 2.0, December 22nd 2023: https://www.science20.com/martin_lopez_corredoira/herds_and_shepherds_in_cosmology-256895 (Correction made by viXra Admin to conform with the requirements)

In the last five years, no problem in cosmology has received as much attention as what is called ``Hubble tension.'' Hundreds or perhaps even thousands of papers have investigated the observations that originate the tension within the standard cosmological model or proposed alternative scenarios. Historically, in the last five decades, we should not be surprised to find tensions of 4-6$sigma $ because they are much more frequent than indicated by the Gaussian statistics, and they stem from underestimation of errors, not from real tensions in the background physics or cosmology. Moreover, there are tens of tensions and problems in the standard model that are more challenging than this. Why, then, is there so much noise and commotion surrounding Hubble tension in the last five years? The answer to this question has to do with the fact that this tension has been promoted by the dominant groups that control cosmology, the same teams who promoted the idea of concordance cosmology and dark energy based on Supernovae Ia and Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation analyses.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Analysis of K­-Calculus from Introducing Einstein's Relativity by Ray D'inverno

Authors: Jan Slowak
Comments: 11 Pages. The author shows inaccuracies in k-calculus.

Einstein's theory of special relativity, SR, is a generally accepted theory that analyses, for instance, relationships between two inertial reference systems moving at a constant speed against each other. This relationship between the coordinates of an event in the two inertial reference systems is made using so-­called Lorentz Transformations, LT. These transformations constitute the most central concept within SR. It is from these transformations that other concepts within SR are derived, concepts such as time dilation, length contraction.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

μ0ε0 Correlation with Time Process

Authors: Yake Li, Juan Zhou, Jianlin Ning
Comments: 8 Pages.

In nature, matter and its movement are primary, while time is just a concept and a method for measuring the rate of material movement. μ0ε0 is an interesting pair of physical quantities that can be a constant when measured directly, and a variable when measured indirectly. Research has found that, μ0ε0 affects the rate of motion of all substances within a local area. From the perspective of influencing the rate of material motion and reflecting the rate of material motion, μ0ε0 is correlated with the time process. because μ0ε0 The value of can be large or small and always a positive number greater than zero, so the process of time can be fast, slow, and irreversible. Like other physical concepts, time also has a certain scope ofapplication and is not effective for studying all physical phenomena.

在自然界中，物质和物质运动是第一性的，而时间只是一个概念，只是人们量度物质运动速率的一种方法。μ0 ε0是一对有趣的物理量，当直接测量时，它是常数，当间接测量时，它又可以是变数。研究发现，μ0 ε0影响着局域内所有物质运动的速率。从影响物质运动速率和反映物质运动速率方面看，μ0 ε0与时间进程具有相关性。与其它物理概念一样，时间也具有一定的适用范围，并非对研究的所有物理现象均有效。
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Movement of Space Versus Movement in Space

Authors: G. N. N. Martin
Comments: 4 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please list scientific references in future submissions)

Tensor calculus is particularly suitable for plotting the path of an object or wave through a stationary or slowly evolving space time. It is less easily used where the space time itself is violently evolving. I introduce an unusual metric which has some surprising properties and which can cover a vast volume of space time in a single chart. Such a chart suggests that the internals of a collapsed star are often misunderstood, and suggests a practical way for analysing those internals. One surprising property of the metric may have implications for wave theories of matter.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Latent Postulate of Special Relativity

Authors: Özgen Ersan
Comments: 2 Pages.

The special theory of relativity has a third postulate. This presupposition is never mentioned, it is included in the analysis as everyone knows or as a dogma. A scientific decision process was not realized for this postulate. For this reason, physicists in particular cannot overcome the captivity of this hidden local postulate and wake up to the real natural truth, even if they have some hesitations in their minds. Science cannot bear this flaw any longer.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

On the Scale Factor of the Universe, the basis of a New Cosmology

Authors: John Hunter
Comments: 10 Pages. 8 figures

In the 25 years following the introduction of dark energy to cosmology there has been little progress in understanding this phenomenon. A radical solution is considered - to change the redshift scale-factor relation. The new relation explains why Concordance Cosmology, using the wrong relation, needs a low matter density and dark energy. An alternative cosmology is described that explains how the new relation comes about. There are solutions to the flatness problem, the coincidence problem and the Hubble tension.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Interpretation of Cause of Mass Increase

Authors: Sang-Ryol Ri
Comments: 9 Pages.

It is known that the relativistic mass formula is numerically well consistent with the experiment for the charged particles. But, unfortunately, the explanation of the cause of the mass increase is insufficient. We think that the explanation of the cause and effect is very important in physics. It is an axiom that the mass of a body could never be increased unless it does not absorb an outside material, that is, the mass increase is impossible without the absorption of an outside material. In this paper, we add the content of the special theory of relativity by the interpretation of cause of mass increase, paying attention to the idea that the mass of the particle should be taken up as much as mass of the absorbed photon. We very simply derive the mass formula only with the most basic concepts of physics at the last part of this paper.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Application of Shoshany-Snodgrass Analysis to the Natario Warp Drive Spacetime with Zero Expansion

Authors: Fernando Loup
Comments: 51 Pages. (Correction made by viXra Admin to conform with scholarly norm - Please conform!)

Alcubierre and Natario developed their warp drives spacetimes using the Arnowitt-Dresner-Misner ADM formalism considering the lapse function alpha always equal to 1. Recently Barak Shoshany and Ben Snodgrass considered the possibility of warp drive spacetimes in which the lapse function alpha is different than 1 in very special geometric cases and we arrive at very interesting results:In order to travel to a"nearby" star at 20 light-years at superluminal speeds in a reasonable amount of time in months not in years a ship must attain a speed of about 200 times faster than light.However the negative energy density at such a speed is directly proportional to the factor 1048 which is 1.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000 times bigger in magnitude than the mass of the planet Earth which is "only" proportional to the factor1024!!.The lapse function allows more ffectively the negative energy density requirements when a ship travels with a speed of 200 times faster than light using the Shoshany-Snodgrass analysis. We reproduce here the Shoshany-Snodgrass analysis to the Natario warp drive spacetime with zero expansion.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

A New Paradox Involving the Lorentz Transformation

Authors: David M. Bower
Comments: 3 Pages.

A previously unrecognized / unpublished paradox about the Lorentz transformation as interpreted and used by Einstein is presented. This new paradox shows the ultimate futility of explaining reality with Einstein’s interpretation of the Lorentz transformation and his use of the Lorentz transformation to derive the equations of time dilation. (Similar agruments would apply to length contraction.) It does not appear that this paradox has been discussed in the literature in the past; however, given the vast amount of research and speculation about the Lorentz transformation that has been published in various languages in the last hundred years, it is very difficult to verify this claim.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Coordinate Transformations for the Optical Wave Equation

Authors: Yusuf Ziya Umul
Comments: 23 Pages.

A new coordinate transform is introduced for the wave equation, defined in different inertial reference frames. It is shown that two different measurement sets can be identified for a moving reference system with respect to the motionless observer. In one of these measurements, the speed of light does not change and has the same value with the velocity of light, propagating in the medium according to which the stationary observer rests. This behavior is also mathematically proven. Coordinate transformations are derived by using the wave equation and the phase term of its general solution. The behaviors of these transforms for different cases are studied.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

The Quantum Luminiferous Aether

Authors: D. J. Larson
Comments: 32 Pages. Copyright to the paper is held by Physics Essays Publication, http://physicsessays.org/. The paper is uploaded to Vixra with permission granted from Physics Essays.

A solid, two-component, quantum luminiferous aether is proposed to exist. Simple postulates are hypothesized, along with some physical laws and assignments. Derivations then lead to the equations of electrodynamics (Maxwell’s Equations and the Lorentz Force Equation), Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation, and to two field-masses. The theory is shown to successfully meet the classic tests of General Relativity: calculations for the advance of the perihelia, the Shapiro effect and the gravitational redshift agree with experiment, and the experimental result concerning the bending of light in gravitational fields is also understood. Additionally, gravitational waves are understood and the first of the field-masses allows for an understanding of what is presently known as dark matter. A new approach to analyzing dense objects such as white dwarfs and neutron stars is discussed, and since the theory has no singularity, a replacement for black holes is suggested. Replacing relativity with an absolute, realist, and physical model returns us to a flat Euclidean space and a separate time. Absolute simultaneity enables understanding of quantum mechanics. The underlying philosophical grounding is discussed.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Co-Moving Coordinates Cannot Maintain Their Co-Moving Status in the Spatially Non-Flat Cosmological Models

Authors: Kenneth Sandale
Comments: 4 Pages.

It is thought that consideration of the General Relativity force law demonstrates that particles will retain their stationary status in the standard cosmological models. However this argument neglects the effects of pressure-dependent gravitational forces. When these forces are correctly included, what actually happens is that in spatially non-flat universes particles do not really remain co-moving, and indeed develop motion that is not consistent with the very symmetry condition these models were designed to manifest.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Source-Free Conformal Waves on Spacetime

Authors: Carsten S. P. Spanheimer
Comments: 8 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please list scientific references in future submissions)

Investigating conformal metrics on (Pseudo-)Riemannian spaces in any number of dimensions, it is shown that the pure scalar curvature R as the Lagrange densityleads to a homogeneous d'Alembert equation on spacetime which allows for source-free wave phenomena. This suggests to use the scalar curvature R itself rather than the Hilbert-Einstein action R*sqrt(abs(g)) as the governing Lagrange density for General Relativity to also find general, non-conformal solutions.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Creation of Paired Entities is Ever Governed by the Golden Mean: About the Nested Repeatability of Living and Cosmic Processes and the Origin of the Universe Nested Repeatability

Authors: Hans Hermann Otto
Comments: 6 Pages.

The concept of paired entities as nature’s reproductive strategy is illuminated and the dominance of golden mean solutions by simple mathematical assumptions verified including ‘golden’ quartic polynomials. From the beginning, cosmos and life gain profit of superconducting energy and information transport by way of paired bosons like the Higgs bosons.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Mach’s Principle and Gravitational Shielding

Authors: Wenceslao González
Comments: 14 Pages.

We propose that inertia is the result of the gravitational force of induction of the entire Universe; that is, we understand that the force of inertia is the induction force exerted on a body by its accelerated movement with respect to the Universe, a statement that we call Mach's principle. We calculate this force by applying the weak field theory of General Relativity and using the results of electromagnetic theory. To avoid the divergence of the integral in calculating the induction force, we assume that in the Universe's early stages there was a strong gravitational absorption, which weakened as the cosmic density decreased. Admitting an ad hoc absorption function, we demonstrate Mach's principle, verifying that the inertial mass of a body is proportional to the gravitational mass with a proportionality coefficient dependent on cosmic time. Applying this result, we calculate the relative variation of the universal gravitation constant.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Анализ тайминга пульсаров для регистрация Кильватерных гравитационных волн
Analysis of Pulsar Timing for Registration of Wake Gravitational Waves

Authors: A.V. Antipin
Comments: 9 Pages. In Russian; English version: https://vixra.org/abs/2401.0019

Гравитационная астрономия, основанная на тайминге пульсаров, открывает возможность регистрации Кильватерных гравитационных волн, которые, могут генерироваться Солнцем и Луной. При воздействии этих волн на Землю, должно наблюдаться «фиолетовое» смещение частоты импульсов пульсаров. Представлены предварительные оценки физических и геометрических характеристик для поиска таких волн.

Gravitational astronomy, based on pulsar timing, opens up the possibility of registering Wake gravitational waves that can be generated by the Sun and Moon. When these waves are exposed to the Earth, a "purple" shift in the pulse frequency of pulsars should be observed.Preliminary estimates of the physical and geometric characteristics for the search for such waves are presented.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

On the Theory of Special Relativity and Motions in the Universe

Authors: Wonsub Kim
Comments: 69 Pages.

The Theory of Relativity is based on the hypothesis of the universal constancy of light velocity. Albert Einstein observed that light travel times over identical lengths of moving and stationary rods were not simultaneous in his imaginary experiment. He concluded that those light travel events must be simultaneous because the same physical facts should be the same regardless of the motions of the observation frames. He pointed out that different light velocities for those rods were responsible for the non-simultaneity. Then, for simultaneity, he asserted the same light velocity c for both rods. This was Einstein’s justification for the universal light velocity for all observers. However, the stationary and moving rod cases were actually two different events because of the aether-like setting of his stationary coordinate frame. The same light velocity c for both rods as set for the coordinate system means both rods are stationary on the stationary coordinate system. No rods are moving. Likewise, the universal light velocity c means everything in the universe is fixed to the stationary coordinate system. Nothing moves in that universe. The Doppler Effects of light waves cannot exist if light velocity is universally constant. The Doppler Effects of electromagnetic waves are real life evidence refuting the universal light velocity. He made light velocity the absolute and universal invariant, but that made all physical facts variants. The theory of relativity postulates velocity dependent time, geometry, mass, etc. These controversies are reviewed in detail herein. The review proved that the classic Newtonian mechanics are correct with the preservation of the physical fact invariance. The Newtonian mechanics found no clock synchronicity issue at all in Einstein’s experiment. Experiments by Michelson-Morley, Fizeau, Kennedy-Thorndike, etc. are validations of Newtonian mechanics. Immanuel Kant and W. Hoffman noted that motions of bodies are mere potentials with respect to observation references, suggesting the impossibility of universal velocities. No universal motion suggests no universal governance in the universe. Event locality is further evidenced in Newton’s bucket example. The laws of conservation in physics are consequences of event locality and independence. Newton’s Shell Theorem explains that the event locality is from the featurelessness of an infinite uniform universe. Rotational motions of celestial systems are perpetual and inevitable local stability mechanisms in the non-influential global universe. A finite universe would suffer from non-uniformity and instability. The Epicurean universe is determined to be the most satisfactory universe model.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Higgs Boson Mass Relations and Hole Superconductivity

Authors: Hans Hermann Otto
Comments: 12 Pages.

We suggest relationships between the experimentally measured Higgs boson mass and the mass of elementary particles like electron or proton by scaling with Sommerfeld’s α constant and the golden mean.The depressed quartic potential of the Higgs field is governed by the golden mean, because every quartic polynomial is a golden one. The Higgs boson with zero spin, considered as composite particle like the Cooper pair, could be associated with properties of superconductivity. However, when superconductivity is exclusively caused by interacting holes, the Higgs boson should be related to any paired holes of matter. Furthermore, the Higgs field can be related to Bhandari’s energy field that is believed to come from an extern energy source, and this field is related to gravity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Registration of Wake Gravitational Waves Using Pulsar Timing

Authors: A. V. Antipin
Comments: 8 Pages.

Gravitational astronomy, based on pulsar timing, opens up the possibility of registering Wake gravitational waves that can be generated by the Sun and Moon. When these waves are exposed to the Earth, a "purple" shift in the pulse frequency of pulsars should be observed. Preliminary estimates of the physical and geometric characteristics for the search for such waves are presented.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

A New Theory of the Double-Slit Experiment

Authors: Jiankun Lai
Comments: 19 Pages.

The double-slit experiment is a fundamental experiment in physical optics and is currently regarded as a demonstration of the wave-like properties of microscopic particles. This is due to the pattern of alternating bright and dark fringes that appear on the screen as a result of the experiment. However, another characteristic of the double-slit fringe pattern—the nested fringes—has not been previously discussed. In this paper, the authors propose a novel theory of double-slit separation based on this feature and design a new double-slit experimental apparatus to conduct the experiment, allowing for the adjustment of the slit width during the process and thus observing the variation in the fringe pattern. The experiment revealed that the double-slit fringe pattern is actually a localized magnification at the center of the single-filament diffraction pattern, inheriting the nested feature of the single-filament diffraction fringes. A set of obstruction theories utilizing relativity is summarized to explain the double-slit experiment. This new discovery opens up a new direction for research into double-slit experiments.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology