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[22] viXra:2307.0161 [pdf] replaced on 2023-08-15 21:36:39
Authors: Steven Kenneth Kauffmann
Comments: 14 Pages.
It is natural to assume that the expanding universe was arbitrarily compact in the sufficiently remote past, in which state gravitational time dilation strongly affected its behavior. We first regard gravitational time dilation as the speed time dilation of a clock falling gravitationally from rest. Energy conservation implies that this depends solely on the the Newtonian gravitational potential difference of the clock trajectory's ends. To extend this to the relativistic domain we work out relativistic gravity theory. The metric result it yields for gravitational time dilation is consistent with our Newtonian gravitational potential result in the Newtonian limit. However the Robertson-Walker metric form for the universe implies complete absence of gravitational time dilation. Since we assume the universe was once arbitrarily compact, we turn instead to the metric for a static gravitational point source, but find that its textbook form puts a sufficiently compact universe inside an event horizon. This is due to transformation of the three radial functions which describe a static, spherically-symmetric metric into only two before inserting that now damaged metric form into the Einstein equation. Schwarzschild's original metric solution, which isn't in textbooks, involved no such transformation and therefore is physically sound; we obtain from it a picture of a universe which had an outburst of star and galaxy formation in the wake of its inflation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[21] viXra:2307.0155 [pdf] submitted on 2023-07-30 03:44:45
Authors: Sheng-bin Wang, Jia-er Chen, Xue-feng Wu
Comments: 111 Pages.
Physics is also known as a science of observation and experiment. In this paper, the most representative experimental verification of general relativity, "Mercury perihelion precession", is used for mathematical derivation and analysis, and the serious errors in the experimental verification are expounded deeply. Furthermore, the Lorentz transformation, the core formula of special relativity, is mathematically deduced and analyzed, and the contradictions and errors existing in the Lorentz transformation are profoundly revealed. These contradictions and errors involve the deep relationship between physics and mathematics, and are also the core problems faced by theoretical physics. Minkowski's four-dimensional space-time contradicts the "principle of constant speed of light", and there are serious errors in the "relativity of simultaneity". The so-called experimental verification of the theory of relativity is false, and there is a fundamental error in the theory of relativity, which will lead to the collapse of the whole theoretical building, including general relativity.The basic formula of quantum mechanics, "matter wave" wavelength λ=h/p , is also based on the wrong Einstein "mass-energy equation". Therefore, the wave function of "matter wave" established on the wavelength λ=h/p of "de Broglie wave" and the Schrodinger equation are all pseudo-formulas (Truncated by viXra Admin)
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[20] viXra:2307.0151 [pdf] submitted on 2023-07-28 19:27:26
Authors: Michael Leon Fontenot
Comments: 4 Pages.
A chart is described that shows, according to inertial observers, the position versus time curves for an array of spaceships, all accelerating with the same constant acceleration (as confirmed by accelerometers). The initial slopes of the curves for the more distant spaceships are negative, which means that they are initially moving backwards (toward the trailing spaceship). And those slopes indicate that the speeds of those spaceships is greater than the speed of light. What is remarkable is that none of those results is problematical.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[19] viXra:2307.0145 [pdf] submitted on 2023-07-27 23:41:47
Authors: Stephen E. Shum
Comments: 7 Pages.
Our entire universe is found to be inflating exactly at the speed of light, warranting renewedthinking about the true nature of dark energy, dark matter and topology of the universe. In thisresearch, how the values of the Hubble Constant changed along the time axis is discussed.The current Hubble constant is found = Speed of light / Age of the Universe This suggests an alternative explanation for the expansion of the universe.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[18] viXra:2307.0144 [pdf] submitted on 2023-07-27 23:59:04
Authors: Vladimir S. Netchitailo
Comments: 16 Pages.
Classical Physics is a branch of Physics that should be described by classical notions, which define emergent phenomena. An Emergent Phenomenon is a property that is a result of simple interactions that work cooperatively to create a more complex interaction. Physically, simple interactions occur at a microscopic level, and the collective result can be observed at a macroscopic level. The developed World-Universe Model (WUM) introduces classical notions, when the very first ensemble of particles was created at the cosmological time τ_M≅10^(-18) s and become possible to introduce the notion "Medium of the World". We emphasize that Classical Physics is principally different from Quantum Physics that describes quantum objects, which have four-momenta only. Classical Physics is dealing with ensembles of quantum objects! The present paper discusses the Basic Notions of Classical Physics considering a principally different cosmological model WUM, which is, in fact, a Paradigm Shift for Cosmology. WUM is a natural continuation of Classical Physics, and it can already serve as a basis for a New Cosmology proposed by Paul Dirac in 1937.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[17] viXra:2307.0130 [pdf] submitted on 2023-07-23 23:17:02
Authors: Kurt L. Becker
Comments: 12 Pages.
This paper tries to present a mechanism for Modified Newtonian Dynamics.The gravitational effect, believed to be caused by dark matter, is due to the self-interaction of two gravitational fields around the center line between any two stars. This self-interaction results in increased radial compression of spacetime toward the center line. As will be shown below, it will result in a very slightincrease in gravity between all stars at stellar distances. We know that at interstellar distances, Newtonian gravity is too weak to hold our galaxy together, thus the invention of a halo of dark matter. Very narrow tubes between all starsare holding the Milky Way galaxy together due to two effects: One is that its gravitational acceleration, as empirically estimated by Modified Newtonian Dynamics, by M. Milgrom, decreases only with distance, not with distance squared, as Newtonian gravity does. Ref. 1 The other one is, there are hundreds of trillions of these gravitational flux tubes between the hundreds of billions of stars in our galaxy. A gravitational flux tube can be compared to a bungee tube towrope used by water skiers, which is always under tension.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[16] viXra:2307.0109 [pdf] submitted on 2023-07-21 07:13:24
Authors: Francis M. Sanchez
Comments: 7 Pages.
As predicted, the "Universe breakers" galaxies is a one more confirmation of the Perfect Cosmology (steady-state model). Moreover, the main cosmological parameters show quantum resonances using the large Lucas and Eddington numbers. This confirms that matter is a matter-antimatter oscillation and dark matter a quadrature one. This confirms also the BIPM $G$ value, larger by 1.7times 10^{-4} than the official one.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[15] viXra:2307.0106 [pdf] submitted on 2023-07-22 00:03:59
Authors: John Caywood
Comments: 21 Pages.
All matter has parity, charge and time reversed antimatter coexisting congruently with it. Two nested half sphere universes exist.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[14] viXra:2307.0102 [pdf] submitted on 2023-07-19 13:09:49
Authors: Redouane belfakih
Comments: 8 Pages.
The circle and the straight line are two expressions of the same mathematical principle, revealing the intricate interplay between order and chaos in the universe. This principle also explains why the proper time for light is null. In this study, we explore the concept of light acceleration, which is a shared property with all matter in the universe. Similarly, we delve into the abstract nature of dark matter, viewing it as a body in the universe whose components remain unknown, yet interacts with our world only through gravity. Notably, Negative matter bends the fabric of spacetime according to a novel model, revealing the existence of two interconnected universes or spaces through gravity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[13] viXra:2307.0072 [pdf] submitted on 2023-07-15 00:36:36
Authors: Ruslan Sharipov
Comments: 11 Pages.
The 3D-brane universe model is an alternative non-Einsteinian theory of gravity. The initial version of this theory uses the so-called equidistance postulate. In the current second version of the theory this postulate is omitted. In the present paper non-baryonic particles are studied within the second version of the theory. As an example their revolution around a Schwarzschild black hole is considered.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[12] viXra:2307.0066 [pdf] submitted on 2023-07-14 00:03:48
Authors: Radi I. Khrapko
Comments: 5 Pages.
We show that the gravitational mass defect is positive, in contrast to the electromagnetic or nuclear mass defects, which are negative.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[11] viXra:2307.0062 [pdf] submitted on 2023-07-12 15:10:43
Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 12 Pages.
It was recently conjectured that Dark Matter consists of Cantor Dust, a relic cosmic web structure formed by condensation of continuous spacetime dimensions far above the Fermi scale. In this brief analysis we speculate that the Cantor Dust equations may generate the gravitational background recently reported by several international collaborations.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[10] viXra:2307.0060 [pdf] submitted on 2023-07-12 19:10:32
Authors: John Caywood
Comments: 35 Pages.
Lorentz formulas are modified to become Lorentz-Pythagorean circles with half for matter and half for antimatter. History of time passage is different from rate of time passage. Varying rates of time passage for an object accumulate to its history of time passage. Redshift of distant objects is an artifact of the observer being in space rotated with respect to the space wherein the photon was created.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[9] viXra:2307.0055 [pdf] submitted on 2023-07-11 20:40:37
Authors: Vladimir S. Netchitailo
Comments: 68 Pages.
WUM is based on two parameters only: dimensionless Rydberg constant α and time-varying quantity Q . The World’s energy density is proportional to Q^(-1) in all cosmological times. Particles relative energy densities are proportional to α . In WUM we often use well-known physical parameters, keeping in mind that all of them can be expressed through the Basic Units of time t_0 , size a , and energy E_0 . Taking the relative values of physical parameters in terms of the Basic Units we can express all dimensionless parameters of the World through two parameters α and Q in various rational exponents, as well as small integer numbers and π . There are no Fundamental Physical Constants in WUM. In our opinion, constant α and quantity Q should be named "Universe Constant" and "World Parameter" respectively. We do not know that our 3D space is curved. But we know that it is expanding without center of expansion. We introduce the radius of the curvature in the fourth spatial dimension R=a×Q to give an explanation providing insight into the curved nature of the World. In WUM, Local Physics is linked with the large-scale structure of the Hypersphere World through the dimensionless quantity Q . The proposed approach to the fourth spatial dimension agrees with Mach's principle: "Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe ". Applied to WUM, it follows that all parameters of the World depending on Q are a manifestation of the Worlds’ curvature in the fourth spatial dimension. WUM does not attempt to explain all available cosmological data, as that is an impossible feat for any one article. Nor does WUM pretend to have built an all-encompassing theory that can be accepted as is. The Model needs significant further elaboration, but in its present shape, it can already serve as a basis for a new Cosmology proposed by Paul Dirac in 1937. Astronomers have great achievements in investigations of the Solar System that became an Experimental laboratory for astrophysicists to check their theories. We are at the Beginning of a New Era of Astronomy, Cosmology, and Astrophysics! Young physicists should be a part of It. They should concentrate their efforts on the development of a New Cosmology and Classical Physics. I am very excited about the Future of Physics!
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[8] viXra:2307.0054 [pdf] replaced on 2023-08-20 20:54:27
Authors: Rainer Collier
Comments: 6 Pages.
A semiclassical fundamental equation of quantum gravitation is applied to a flat Friedmann universe containing a photon gas. The mean energy of a photon is determined by the method of canonical partition and the classical one-particle state function for the ideal photon gas. For very high temperatures, there is a deviation from the classical equipartition theorem.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[7] viXra:2307.0052 [pdf] submitted on 2023-07-10 14:04:46
Authors: Rodrigo de Abreu
Comments: 16 Pages.
We report how we can use a time dilation-like expression eliminating the twin paradox conundrum that standard formulation is unable to accomplish, since erroneously attribute the meaning of a reciprocal relation to the ageing of the twins. This report result from anapproach based on simultaneity and synchronization considering three frames where apreferred frame is Einstein Frame, the frame where the speed of light is isotropic
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[6] viXra:2307.0048 [pdf] submitted on 2023-07-10 01:27:21
Authors: Özgen Ersan
Comments: 4 Pages.
Einstein had determined the speed of light for the speed limit and even offered a reductive formula. For the relative speed definition, the speed of light limit applies. In this study, the "hypothetical relativistic" speeds are defined and the limit of this speed is shown to be 2c, and a false notion in cosmic analyses and CERN is clarified.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[5] viXra:2307.0039 [pdf] submitted on 2023-07-07 21:39:16
Authors: Ruslan Sharipov
Comments: 18 Pages.
The 3D-brane universe model is an alternative non-Einsteinian theory of gravity. The initial version of this theory uses the so-called equidistance postulate. Recently a new version of theory was started which is free of this postulate. In this paper we continue building the new version of theory by applying the Lagrangian approach to it.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[4] viXra:2307.0027 [pdf] submitted on 2023-07-05 15:16:30
Authors: Vincenzo Peluso
Comments: 59 Pages.
A new cosmological model is proposed that does not require dark energy, yet presents characteristics and trends that are almost comparable to those of the standard model. It differs from the standard model by an "extra path factor" that comes from a central hypothesis and results in an additional distance due to the gravitational radius. This additional distance causes the matter density parameter to rise from 0.5 to 1 from the big bang to the present, which gives rise to a non-zero pressure that drives the present acceleration phase of the universe's expansion. Remarkably, the halving of the density during nucleosynthesis solves the primordial lithium problem, although it introduces a deuterium problem. Finally, the resulting model solves the Hubble tension and the S8 tension, and satisfies all the constraints derived from the most recent accurate measurements of the baryon acoustic oscillation and the angular power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background, despite having one less parameter due to the absence of dark energy. The same hypothesis explains the rotating motion of galaxies on a small scale and produces consequences that are comparable to those of the modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) theory.However, although the proposed model respects the same principles and physics as the standard model, it needs to be reinterpreted within the framework of the more original space of light to appreciate the naturalness of the hypothesis and its profound implications.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[3] viXra:2307.0019 [pdf] submitted on 2023-07-04 07:34:09
Authors: Francis M. Sanchez
Comments: 3 Pages.
Perfect cosmology (steady-state) is characterized by a single parameter, implying the critical condition with an invariant Hubble radius. This implies that the non-relativistic Universe gravitational energy is $Omega Mc^2$, with $ Omega = 3/10$, whose quantum form implies the baryon density $Omega^2/2 = 0.045$. Thus, the dark matter could be interpretated as an out of phase matter-antimatter oscillation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[2] viXra:2307.0013 [pdf] submitted on 2023-07-05 01:59:11
Authors: Enrique Domínguez Pinos
Comments: 21 Pages. In spanish
GPB experiment is analyzed from special relativity of fields point of view
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[1] viXra:2307.0010 [pdf] submitted on 2023-07-03 20:31:22
Authors: Kay Zum Felde
Comments: 5 Pages.
We critically review the Standard Model. We were coming to the conclusion, that the principal structure of the Standard Model is correct. But we found that the group structure of photons, electromagnetism, strong interaction, gravition and weak interaction are exactly fit into the structure of the symmetry group S^4 of order or dimension is four. We are able to incorporate electromagnetism and gravitation into Einstein’s equation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
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