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[44] viXra:2010.0259 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-31 16:07:49
Authors: Eran Sinbar
Comments: 6 Pages.
Based on Einstein’s field equations, mass curves space time and curvature of space-time dictates the gravitational field around the mass. In the theory of general relativity, the equivalence principle is the equivalence of gravitational and inertial mass, and Albert Einstein's observation that the gravitational "force" as experienced locally while standing on a massive body (such as the Earth) is the same as the force experienced by an observer in an accelerated frame of reference. Since acceleration consume energy, it’s a worthy question to ask how curvature of space time can supply this equivalent required energy for acceleration.
Let’s imagine that two similar small objects (e.g. mass A and mass B) are standing still in space-time relative to each other in their frame of reference. Now imagine that mass A absorbs an energetic pulse of gamma ray burst and starts to increase its mass (for example by absorbing radiation and increasing its thermal energy) .Its new effective mass will be signed as A’ where A’>>A.
Based on the interpretation today of the Einstein’s field equations the curvature of space time causes mass B to move towards mass A’ since it is the shortest geodesic path in the curved space-time. The curvature of space time is practically the potential energy.
But from mass B point of view (in its frame of reference where both mass A and B were standing still before the increase of mass A), it feels suddenly a force towards mass A’ and an increase in its kinetic energy and it is a worthy question to ask where does this extra kinetic energy come from? How can curvature in space-time explain this extra kinetic energy of mass B?
This article tries to analyze the Einstein field equations in a new heuristic approach and to explain the cause for the movement of mass B towards the increasing mass A’ due to what is related as gravitational force. The article also suggests that the source of the extra kinetic energy given to mass B comes from the CMBR (Cosmic Micro wave Background Radiation).
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[43] viXra:2010.0258 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-31 19:41:50
Authors: George R. Briggs
Comments: 7 Pages.
A revised "Quantum of the Universe" is included in this model due to the recent increase in Higgs mass as a signal and the dark matter particle is recognized to be a dark neutrino particle of Majorana type (particle-antiparticle the same). We also have verified that the heavy 4430 MeV neutrino is a non-dark Majorana neutrino. A new boson also is introduced which we have called the Feynman.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[42] viXra:2010.0238 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-29 11:25:15
Authors: Clark M. Thomas
Comments: 12 Pages.
M110 is a prominent satellite galaxy of nearby M31, the great Andromeda galaxy. It is the only peculiar dwarf elliptical in the famous Messier list. This essay explains how and why M110 became so peculiar, with important cosmological consequences for dark matter halo theory.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[41] viXra:2010.0231 [pdf] replaced on 2020-10-30 11:17:55
Authors: Sylwester Kornowski
Comments: 3 Pages.
It is assumed that the TOV limit (about 2.4 solar masses) is the upper limit to the masses of non-rotating neutron stars (NSs). In fact, masses of NSs are up to 24.81 solar masses (the upper limit is for the neutron black hole (NBH)). Here we show that the significant electromagnetic darkening of NSs for masses close to TOV limit is the result of the weak interactions of the spin-1 dark-matter (DM) loops with baryon plasma at the equators of the NSs. The second darkening should be observed for masses close to 19.5 solar masses - it is for the spin-2 DM loops. Darker should be also black holes composed of the NBHs.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[40] viXra:2010.0230 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-28 21:33:34
Authors: David Bryan Wallace
Comments: 6 Pages. A way to measure one-way light speed anisotropy without synchronization.
Einstein's special relativity theory asserts or implies that one‑way light speed is isotropic in every frame of reference for which the laws of mechanics hold good. Measurement of one‑way light speed anisotropy would refute that notion. Qualitative refutation has already been achieved. A scheme for earth-bound measurement of one‑way light speed anisotropy that does not require clock synchronization is described. The accomplishment of such a measurement could establish a preferred frame of reference, an “absolute rest frame.”
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[39] viXra:2010.0214 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-26 20:11:47
Authors: Miroslav Pardy
Comments: 4 Pages. original article
We prove here, by the rigorous mathematical procedure, that so-called Lorentzian time
in the special theory of relativity is defined by the wave equation, where the wave of time is
the form of matter and not the Bergson physiological process in S and S′.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[38] viXra:2010.0204 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-25 20:39:28
Authors: Clark M. Thomas
Comments: 8 Pages.
Recent multi-platform data has revealed that previously modeled Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) universal isotropy (equal Dark Energy expansion) is not isotropic (smooth in all directions), but directionally anisotropic. Major cosmological implications follow, and are explained herein.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[37] viXra:2010.0203 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-25 20:53:40
Authors: Yoshiharu Hana
Comments: 49 Pages. I'm sorry, I'm Japanese. Then I can’t use English, then this paper is written by google translation. If this paper has weird English translation, for that reason I can hand over the Japanese paper to need.
This paper is reconstruction of general relativity based on another interpretation of the law of invariance of light speed. And explain early quantum mechanics using another general relativity.
We derived this law by assuming that the law of invariance of the speed of light holds by observation from light.
My mail address : hashishinaha68@gmail.com
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[36] viXra:2010.0194 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-23 19:51:38
Authors: Antonio Leon
Comments: 5 Pages.
Physics, the science of change, has managed to discover and to explain a large number of qualitative and quantitative aspects of a large number of natural changes, but change itself remains unexplained since we first faced it, over twenty-seven centuries ago. This paper proves, in terms of transfinite arithmetic, that change is inconsistent within the infinitist framework of the spacetime continuum, were all solutions have been tried until now. It then proposes a consistent solution within the finitist framework of the discrete spacetimes of cellular automata like models, proving the factor that convert between continuum and discrete spacetimes has the algebraic form of the relativistic factor of Lorentz transformation, which could be reinterpreted as an operator to translate between a consistent discrete reality and an inconsistent continuous reality.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[35] viXra:2010.0190 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-23 17:26:56
Authors: Antonio Leon
Comments: 3 Pages.
Double relativity is grounded on both, the theory of special relativity and the definition of speed as the ratio of a distance to the time it takes a body to traverse it, even if that distance is in relative motion with respect to the frame where both magnitudes are measured. This paper proves double relativity and special relativity lead to a contradiction involving the speed of light in a vacuum. It, then, proposes two alternatives to solve the inconsistency.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[34] viXra:2010.0178 [pdf] replaced on 2021-06-18 07:54:13
Authors: Risto Raitio
Comments: 22 Pages. Text and title expanded.
The focus of this note is in the formation of matter-antimatter asymmetric universe
without antimatter in the first place. To avoid problems of best known
published preon models we utilize ´t Hooft theory’s deterministic Hilbert space
methods to preons. Inflation is started in a ultra dense graviton phase predominating
the very early universe and producing supersymmetric preons, axion like
particles and torsion in spacetime. All standard model and dark sector fermions
are created as spectators during early inflation from the preons. The dark sector
particles are spectators all the way beyond reheating while the visible sector
particles couple to the inflaton. Before reheating is reached supersymmetry is
broken to the minimal supersymmetric standard model by gravitational mediation
from the preon sector. Consequently, asymmetric visible matter, symmetric
dark matter and dark energy are produced, and much later nucleons and light
nuclei are formed. The deterministic preon level structure is necessary for the
mechanism which creates from C symmetric preons the asymmetric standard
model visible matter directly, without notable amount of antimatter and without
the Sakharov conditions.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[33] viXra:2010.0168 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-21 20:13:58
Authors: Antonio Leon
Comments: 10 Pages.
This paper examines some optical properties of isotropic crystals, as well as the critical reflection of light, from the perspective of different inertial reference frames in relative motion. The analysis proves several breaks of Lorentz symmetry in optical crystallography and general optics. It also demonstrates there is no other relativist alternative to Lorentz transformation able to give a solution to the problems posed by Lorentz transformation in the scenario of optics and optical crystallography. The conclusions of the arguments point to the convenience of considering a new discrete paradigm for the spacetime continuum in which this and other problems could find a solution.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[32] viXra:2010.0158 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-20 19:36:13
Authors: Antonio Leon
Comments: 6 Pages.
This paper discusses the role of Lorentz transformation in two inconsistent changes in the velocity of a photon freely moving through a standard fluid each time it is reflected by a mirror inside the fluid, being the fluid at rest in its container and the container observed at rest and at uniform relative motion.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[31] viXra:2010.0152 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-19 19:25:25
Authors: Antonio Leon
Comments: 4 Pages.
This paper uses transfinite ordinals to prove the distance between any two given points and the interval of time between any two given instants can only be finite, and that, under certain conditions, the number of events between any two events is always finite. It also proves a contradiction involving the actual infinity hypothesis on which the spacetime continuum is grounded. The alternative of a discrete spacetime is then considered, and the consideration leads, via Pythagoras digital theorem, to the conclusion that the factor for converting between continuous and digital geometries is the relativistic Lorentz factor if length is replaced with the product of speed and time in a isotropic space. These finitist results suggest the convenience to consider the possibility of a digital interpretation of special relativity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[30] viXra:2010.0136 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-18 12:16:54
Authors: Bezverkhniy Volodymyr Dmytrovych, Bezverkhniy Vitaliy Volodymyrovich.
Comments: 5 Pages.
It is shown that the cause of cosmic voids and galaxy clusters is the chaotic motion of galaxies. According to I. Prigogine, in an open system, near a stationary state, far from equilibrium, fluctuations of parameters are possible. Therefore, in chemical cyclic systems such as the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction, the concentration of substances can take on any values, and these values can fluctuate over time. If we assume that the Universe is an open system, which is located near a stationary state (far from equilibrium), then in some regions of the Universe the concentration of galaxies can be any, which inevitably leads to the appearance of clusters of galaxies and space voids.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[29] viXra:2010.0135 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-18 13:00:16
Authors: Vladimir Leonov
Comments: 754 Pages. 181 Figures [Corrections made to conform with the requirements on the Submission Form]
[This work is dedicated] to the quantum theory of Superunification written in 1996-2000 and published in English in England (2010) and India (2011). The Theory of Superunification (SU) is the Unified Field Theory (UFT) or the Theory of Everything (TE), which physicists around the world are trying unsuccessfully to create, ignoring the fact that the Superunification theory was created 20 years ago. The theory of Superunification is a theory of quantum gravity that logically completes Einstein's general theory of relativity (GR). The theory of Superunification is the first quantum theory of relativity (QR). The theory of Superunification is based on the discovery of a new universal particle the quantum of space-time (quanton), as a particle of dark matter. Quanton was discovered by Vladimir Leonov in 1996. The dynamic interferometer Leonov in 2020 was the first to detect the field of quantons as dark matter particles. The theory of Superunification has been confirmed experimentally. This is a sensational scientific breakthrough that brings fundamental physics out of its deepest crisis. The elastic dark matter tissue is presented by us as a four-dimensional quantized space-time consisting of quantons. This is the global static electromagnetic field of the Universe, which is the carrier of the superstrong electromagnetic interaction (SEI) - the fifth fundamental force (Superforce). Electromagnetism and gravitation are manifestations of the SEI field perturbation. Electromagnetism is the result of the electromagnetic polarization of quantized space-time. Gravity is the result of spherical deformation of the elastic dark matter tissue. The mass of particle (body) is like a nodule inside the elastic dark matter tissue in the form of a lump (cluster) of its deformation energy. Gravitational well appears around the body's mass inside the elastic tissue of dark matter as a result of its spherical deformation. Gravitational well is the physical basis of gravity and the principle of relativity. In this case, the gravitational field is described by the deformation vector D inside the elastic dark matter tissue as a gradient of the quantum density (p) of the medium D = grad (p). The force of gravity F is the gradient F = gradW of the dark energy W. The accelerated run of galaxies from the center of the Universe under the action of the force F = gradW is possible only for an inhomogeneous spherically deformed Universe.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[28] viXra:2010.0129 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-18 12:27:45
Authors: Antonio Leon
Comments: 6 Pages.
After a short review of the classical detonator paradox, this article introduces two variants of the celebrated argument that are not paradoxical arguments but true contradictions involving Fitzgerald-Lorentz contraction.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[27] viXra:2010.0127 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-17 16:31:47
Authors: Sylwester Kornowski
Comments: 3 Pages.
Both too much gold in the Universe and the recently observed metallicity of a globular cluster below an acceptable lower limit, are forcing a radical shift in mainstream cosmology.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[26] viXra:2010.0126 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-17 18:57:11
Authors: Jonathan Corriveau
Comments: 4 Pages.
A new theory for gravity that explains Dark matter.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[25] viXra:2010.0124 [pdf] replaced on 2021-08-21 18:12:26
Authors: Vladimir S. Netchitailo
Comments: 35 Pages.
Hypersphere World-Universe Model (WUM) envisions Matter carried from the Universe into the World from the fourth spatial dimension by Dark Matter Particles (DMPs). Luminous Matter is a byproduct of Dark Matter (DM) self-annihilation. WUM introduces Dark Epoch (spanning from the Beginning of the World for 0.45 billion years) and Luminous Epoch (ever since for 13.77 billion years). Big Bang discussed in Standard Cosmology (SC) is, in our view, transition from Dark Epoch to Luminous Epoch due to Rotational Fission of Overspinning DM Supercluster’s Cores and self-annihilation of DMPs. WUM solves a number of physical problems in SC and Astrophysics through DMPs and their interactions: Angular Momentum problem in birth and subsequent evolution of Galaxies and Extrasolar systems; Fermi Bubbles – two large structures in gamma-rays and X-rays above and below Galactic center; Coronal Heating problem in solar physics – temperature of Sun's corona exceeding that of photosphere by millions of degrees; Cores of Sun and Earth rotating faster than their surfaces; Diversity of Gravitationally-Rounded Objects in Solar system and their Internal Heating. Model makes predictions pertaining to Rest Energies of DMPs, proposes New Type of their Interactions. WUM reveals Inter-Connectivity of Primary Cosmological Parameters and calculates their values, which are in good agreement with the latest results of their measurements.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[24] viXra:2010.0122 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-17 11:34:38
Authors: Siddharth Sharma
Comments: 16 Pages.
This paper uses the Model of Consciousness called Integrated Information Theory (IIT) developed by Giulio Tononi and his team and generalized Mathematical Model of IIT and Quantum IIT developed by Johannes Kleiner and Sean Tull, to develop a model of consciousness for Kerr black hole.In which I will step by step define System, State, Mechanism, Space of Proto-experience, Division & Cuts and Repertoire for Kerr Black Hole in terms of it's mass and angular momentum per unit mass using Information Geometry to be precise Ruppeiner geometry, where probability density is defined in terms of Ruppeiner metric, which is negative of hessian of entropy of Kerr black hole. In the section of black hole thermodynamics we will also discuss how entropy is the function of area of event horizon of black hole:. Prior to that we will discuss what is event horizon and how it's radius is a function of it's mass and angular momentum per unit area. This paper can serve a pioneering work on understanding and developing a relationship between cosmology and Consciousness, and as it is suggested that universe could itself be a black hole: this paper may help to develop a model for consciousness of cosmos itself
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[23] viXra:2010.0119 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-16 08:11:27
Authors: A. Bennun, N. Ledesma
Comments: 10 Pages. 4 figures
The Universe Expansion evidences the possibility of thermodynamic dissipative structures, constituted by short-lived particles decaying and releasing energy, to form more stable ones during the period of 10^-26 to 10^-11 s. The thermodynamic of these processes favor the models, in which the cooling effects of expansion could be balanced by the temperature generated in the primordial absorption of bosons, particles decay and annihilation. The microscopic chronology during the state of plasma, maintains asymptotic freedom which allows multiple quark and antiquark aggregations, preventing massive annihilations. In the primordial quark-antiquark-gluon plasma emerges the Muons that show a 1% asymmetric annihilation, in the decay of B-mesons. This could be integrated into the cyclical elimination of antimatter, by incorporation into matter of the energy from environment bosons or pair annihilation. The self-duplication of pions provides such a mechanism because their constitutive quarks resist separation forces by generating gluons. Annihilation energy could be returned as a 99% that jointly with a 1% contributed by the resting mass of quarks, could create nucleons. The plasma evolved from pions and quarks annihilations, would have a large population of positrons, electrons and high energy photons. It is shown that coupling between reactions, allows nucleons cycles in which electrons, positrons and gamma radiation could be absorbed, generating neutrinos/antineutrinos. Hence, quantum chronology in a dynamics of open thermodynamics coupling becomes compatible with the description of the space-time like a continuum. In this, the universal constants, allows integrating dissipative potentials at different scales and within a large diversity of configurations, into the evolutive architecture of the universe.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[22] viXra:2010.0116 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-16 08:11:00
Authors: A. Bennun, N. Ledesma
Comments: 11 Pages. 5 figures
Data of particle physics were studied for its fitness within a self-selection principle. A plot of mesons and baryons, according to their energy and half-life, reveals an overall tendency of deconfinement and reconfinement of energy, leading to hadrons dominance. The decay of the particles contributes to increment enthalpy along primordial chronology. The strong force opposes to the separation of the constitutive quarks of pions through self-multiplication, incrementing the mass of the system. Sequencing and integrating reactions paths of hadrons and antihadrons, allow for the disappearance of antiprotons and antineutrons, yielding a residue of 2 neutrons. Also, the process emits gamma photons, electrons, positrons, neutrinos, antineutrinos, kaones and piones. The energy of decay and pair-annihilation could be confined in hadrons, in order to prevent a Universe immersed into residual gamma radiation. The generation of the resting mass of hadrons, involves a 99% of releasable energy to form gluons, summing-up to a 1% mass of quarks. Also, an oscillation neutron-proton and antineutron-antiproton cycle captures primordial radiation. Each one absorbs 1 gamma photon, 1 electron and 1 positron, and generates 2 neutrinos and 2 antineutrinos that leak-out of the system. Half-life is a statistical defined parameter, which allows synchronizing events globally disconnected, without introducing an ad-hoc velocity greater than c, to allow global connectivity. The phases of particles decay and reconfinement, inputs a statistical convergence allowing parameterization of an evolutionary selection processes.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[21] viXra:2010.0111 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-16 09:33:41
Authors: Ichiro Nakayama
Comments: 37 Pages.
Dark matter and the dark energy are the biggest mystery for physics. But those characters are already elucidated by the energy body theory. The cosmological term in the Einstein field equations is “the universal repulsion” which becomes negative energy. Einstein supposed the regular Universe. It was very natural because of “the conservation law of energy”. But it looks like the universe expansion broke “the conservation law of energy” Also, in “energy body theory” the dark energy is negative energy too. It is the same as “the universal repulsion”. “The conservation law of energy” is endorsed by the Universe circulation system which is introduced by the energy body theory. After all, the universe is the regular Universe. The energy body theory describes that everything in the universe is energy body and all of phenomena in the Universe are caused by trying to balance the different energy level between two energy body systems. Energy body is comprised of energy cell bodies which are extremely smaller than elementary particles. Gravitational field is comprised of space layers where energy cell bodies are arranged on the spherical face. Dark matter is gravitational field. The dark energy is that expanded energy cell bodies are spread out around gravitational field. Dark energy is generated with a gravitational field as a pair. Elementary particles are the excitation states of energy cell bodies. Specifically, elementary particles are the states that energy cell bodies are shrinking, expanding, and more rotating.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[20] viXra:2010.0101 [pdf] replaced on 2020-11-17 05:09:14
Authors: Espen Gaarder Haug
Comments: 7 Pages.
In a recent paper, we [1] discussed that Suto [2] has pointed out an interesting relativistic extension of Rydberg’s formula. In that paper, we had slightly misunderstood Suto’s approach, something we will comment on further here. The relativistic Suto formula is actually derived from a theory where the standard relativistic momentum relation is changed. The relativistic Rydberg formula we presented and mistakenly thought was the same as Suto’s formula is, on the other hand, derived to be fully consistent with the standard relativistic momentum relation. Here we will point out the differences between the formulas and correct some errors in our previous paper. The paper should give deeper and better intuition about the Rydberg formula and what it represents.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[19] viXra:2010.0097 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-14 12:58:06
Authors: Bezverkhniy Volodymyr Dmytrovych, Bezverkhniy Vitaliy Volodymyrovich.
Comments: 6 Pages.
It is shown that both the redshift and, therefore, the recession of galaxies is the effect of an observer who is located in the center of the cosmological ball on planet Earth. This effect is a consequence of the gravitational time dilation in accordance with Einstein's STR. That is, there is no real recession of galaxies, which means there is no Big Bang. Galaxies in the Universe are subject to the usual chaotic motion, but due to the indicated effects, we observe the scattering of galaxies.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[18] viXra:2010.0091 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-13 20:19:06
Authors: Stephen Winter
Comments: 3 Pages.
A summary of theses of cosmology that query in particular the Friedmann equations. (A few basics
are scientific consensus): The scaling of the PASSAGE OF TIME preserves the reasonableness of the universe a) by relativistic scaling of time near the speed of light and b) by non-relativistic scaling of time dependent on the density of matter. GRAVITY is, although its sphere of influence is mathematically limitless, a local phenomenon. The non-relativistic scaling of spacetime is, although its sphere of influence is limited to voids, a universal phenomenon.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[17] viXra:2010.0085 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-12 20:13:52
Authors: Richard L. Amoroso
Comments: 20 Pages. Preprint: Proceedings of IV International Symposium honoring mathematical physicist Jean-Pier Vigier, Paris, France
Although popular, Bigbang cosmology still contains critical untested assumptions and unresolved logical conflicts. Recent observational and theoretical insights suggest it has become feasible to consider developing a new
standard model of cosmology. Parameters for developing such a Continuous State Holographic Conscious Multiverse (HCM) are introduced in a preliminary form. The fundamental least unit of the new 11(12)D superspace makes correspondence with M-Theory, introduces the origin of complexity in self-organized living systems and refines the role of the observer in physical theory.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[16] viXra:2010.0065 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-10 08:39:48
Authors: Sylwester Kornowski
Comments: 3 Pages.
According to the Scale-Symmetric Theory (SST), before the expansion of the Universe, almost all baryon matter was in the form of neutron black holes (NBHs) clustered in protogalaxies. Here, on the basis of the SST cosmology, we present the mechanism that caused most of the matter in NBHs to end up outside the Schwarzschild surfaces of the protogalaxies in the form of high-energy plasma. The main reason was the violent collisions of dark matter (DM) with NBHs that started the expansion of the Universe. The too high abundance of gold suggests that number of collisions of NBHs was much higher than it is assumed in mainstream cosmology. On the other hand, the inflow of dark energy has forced the galaxies to continue moving away from each other, but also to increase the size of the galaxies. It is a verbal description with references to mathematical techniques.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[15] viXra:2010.0054 [pdf] replaced on 2020-10-10 19:13:06
Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 4 Pages.
The purpose of this note is to draw attention to several open issues related to Penrose’s singularity theorem of 1965.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[14] viXra:2010.0051 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-08 19:51:26
Authors: Elijah David Dick
Comments: Language: English ; Length: 2,894 words ; Pages: 7 ; File Size: 146 kb
Perhaps the most important scientific debate is the one over whether or not we are alone in the universe. For hundreds of years, the question of alien life has been argued over because of its significance in our place in the universe as a species, but, unfortunately, there is virtually no way of determining the answer to this question without going out and searching every corner of the universe for aliens. In this paper, a cosmological hypothesis is proposed which is incompatible with alien life and is, therefore, either valuable for offering an answer to whether evolved aliens exist, or valuable for being falsifiable in the case that evolved alien life is discovered. This hypothesis supposes two premises: that there is a bubble multiverse and that quanta of mass have a multiversal probability of existing at the moment of each universe's big bang.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[13] viXra:2010.0046 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-08 08:42:24
Authors: Victor Christianto
Comments: 4 Pages. This paper has not been submitted elsewhere. Your comments are welcome.
A new paper by Germain Tobar et al. seem interesting, that they claim that reversible dynamics of CTC is possible without problems. We comment this paper by pointing out at least 4 issues that make this paper problematic, not only practically but also conceptually.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[12] viXra:2010.0044 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-08 08:45:14
Authors: R Dasgupta
Comments: 15 Pages.
Relativity of simultaneity is shown to limit the accuracy in simultaneous measurement of position and momentum of a moving body by an inertial observer. The inaccuracy or uncertainty product derived from special relativity theory is found to be similar to the much known quantum mechanical uncertainty relation. However, whether the above two uncertainty relations indicate the same physics is debatable and any conclusion is not attempted here. A modification of this relativistic uncertainty formula under gravitational field is achieved using general relativity principles, and a small gravitational correction term has to be introduced. This gravitational term being small remains negligible in ordinary conditions but becomes appreciable at small time scale.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[11] viXra:2010.0042 [pdf] replaced on 2020-10-12 08:06:02
Authors: Sylwester Kornowski
Comments: 3 Pages.
According to the Scale-Symmetric Theory (SST), in our Universe there are no interactions capable of destroying the core of baryons, so there are no black holes with a central singularity. Here, within SST, we formulated the theory of fusion of baryonic black holes. We described the signals GW190521 and GW150914.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[10] viXra:2010.0027 [pdf] replaced on 2022-03-03 15:22:07
Authors: Azam Javid
Comments: 2 Pages.
At the beginning of the 20th century Albert Einstein developed the special and general theory of
relativity and thus solved contradictions in classical physics. For example that the speed of light is
finite[1]. The theory of relativity is widely accepted. In the following, the length contraction and time
dilation of special relativity are defined angle dependent with the angle. Moreover the gravitational
time dilation and the gravitational length contradiction of general relativity are rewritten with an
angle. The angles are associated in a fixed circle with the kinetic and potential energy of an object
in a gravitational potential.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[9] viXra:2010.0025 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-03 22:14:16
Authors: Vladimir S. Netchitailo
Comments: 95 Pages.
World – Universe Model is based on three primary assumptions:
1) The World is finite and is expanding inside the Universe with speed equal to the electrodynamic constant c. The Universe serves as an unlimited source of energy that continuously enters into the World from the boundary.
2) Medium of the World, consisting of protons, electrons, photons, neutrinos, and dark matter particles, is an active agent in all physical phenomena in the World.
3) Two fundamental parameters in various rational exponents define all macro and micro features of the World: Fine-Structure Constant α, and dimensionless quantity Q. While α is constant, Q increases with time, and is in fact a measure of the size and the age of the World.
The World – Universe Model explains experimental data accumulated in the field of Cosmology over the last decades: the size and age of the World; critical energy density and the gravitational parameter; temperatures of the cosmic microwave background radiation and black body radiation of cosmic dust; fractal structure of the World and its evolution; observed expansion of the World and cosmological redshift. Additionally, the Model makes predictions pertaining to masses of dark matter particles, photons, axions, and neutrinos; proposes new types of particle interactions (Super Weak and Extremely Weak) and the fundamental physical parameters of the World; gives a new “low density small white dwarf” model of Ball Lightning and dineutrino model of Extreme Ball Lightning based on super weak interaction; explains “Pioneer Anomaly”; and resolves paradoxes like “Matter – Antimatter Asymmetry” and “Faint Young Sun”. The Model proposes to introduce a new fundamental parameter Q in the CODATA internationally recommended values for calculating time dependent parameters of the World.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[8] viXra:2010.0024 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-03 22:16:52
Authors: Vladimir S. Netchitailo
Comments: 69 Pages.
5D Space-Time-Energy World – Universe Model is a unified model of the World built around the concept of Medium, composed of massive particles (protons, electrons, photons, neutrinos, and dark matter particles). The Model provides a mathematical framework that enables precise calculation of Medium-bound physical parameters: Hubble’s parameter, intergalactic plasma parameters, temperature of microwave background radiation and the rest mass of photons. This paper aligns the World – Universe Model (WUM) with the theoretical framework developed by Prof. P. S. Wesson, albeit assigning a new physical meaning to the fifth coordinate. In the World – Universe Model, the fifth dimension is associated with the total energy of the Medium of the World, and the gravitomagnetic parameter of the Medium serves as the dimension-transposing parameter.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[7] viXra:2010.0023 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-03 22:19:23
Authors: Vladimir S. Netchitailo
Comments: 108 Pages.
This paper provides an overview of the Hypersphere World – Universe Model (WUM). WUM unifies and simplifies existing cosmological models and results into a single coherent picture, and proceeds to discuss the origin, evolution, structure, ultimate fate, and primary parameters of the World. WUM explains the experimental data accumulated in the field of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics over the last decades: the age of the World and critical energy density; the gravitational parameter and Hubble’s parameter; temperatures of the cosmic microwave background radiation and the peak of the far-infrared background radiation; gamma-ray background and cosmic neutrino background; macrostructure of the World and macroobjects structure. Additionally, the Model makes predictions pertaining to masses of dark matter particles, photons, and neutrinos; proposes new types of particle interactions (Super Weak and Extremely Weak); shows inter-connectivity of primary cosmological parameters of the World and the rise of the solar luminosity during the last 4.6 Byr. The Model proposes to introduce a new fundamental parameter Q in the CODATA internationally recommended values.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[6] viXra:2010.0022 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-03 22:28:20
Authors: Vladimir S. Netchitailo
Comments: 123 Pages.
The most widely accepted model of Solar System formation, known as the Nebular hypothesis, does not solve the Angular Momentum problem – why is the orbital momentum of Jupiter larger than rotational momentum of the Sun? The present manuscript introduces a Rotational Fission model of creation and evolution of Macrostructures of the World (Superclusters, Galaxies, Extrasolar Systems), based on Overspinning Cores of the World’s Macroobjects, and the Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum. The Hypersphere World-Universe model is the only cosmological model in existence that is consistent with this Fundamental Law. This article proposes an explanation for High-Energy Atmospheric phenomena through the frames of Hypersphere World – Universe Model (WUM). In WUM, Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes (TGFs) are, in fact, Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs). The spectra of TGFs at very high energies are explained by Dark Matter particles annihilation in Geocorona. Lightning initiation problem is solved by GRBs that slam into thunderclouds and carve a conductive path through a thunderstorm. We introduce Multiworld consisting of Macro-World, Large-World, Small-World, and Micro-World, characterized by suggested Gravitational, Extremely-Weak, Super-Weak, and Weak interaction respectively. We propose a new model of Ball Lightning formation based on the Dark Matter Core surrounded by electron-positron plasma in the Small-World.
This manuscript provides a comparison of the Hypersphere World-Universe Model (WUM) with the prevailing Big Bang Model (BBM) of the Standard Cosmology. The performed analysis of BBM shows that the Four Pillars of the Standard Cosmology are model-dependent and not strong enough to support the model. The angular momentum problem is one of the most critical problems in BBM. Standard Cosmology cannot explain how Galaxies and Extra Solar systems obtained their substantial orbital and rotational angular momenta, and why the orbital momentum of Jupiter is considerably larger than the rotational momentum of the Sun. WUM is the only cosmological model in existence that is consistent with the Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum. To be consistent with this Fundamental Law, WUM discusses in detail the Beginning of the World. The Model introduces Dark Epoch (spanning from the Beginning of the World for 0.4 billion years) when only Dark Matter Particles (DMPs) existed, and Luminous Epoch (ever since for 13.8 billion years). Big Bang discussed in Standard Cosmology is, in our view, transition from Dark Epoch to Luminous Epoch due to Rotational Fission of Overspinning Dark Matter (DM) Supercluster’s Cores. WUM envisions Matter carried from the Universe into the World from the fourth spatial dimension by DMPs. Ordinary Matter is a byproduct of DM annihilation. WUM solves a number of physical problems in contemporary Cosmology and Astrophysics through DMPs and their interactions: Angular Momentum problem in birth and subsequent evolution of Galaxies and Extrasolar systems—how do they obtain it; Fermi Bubbles—two large structures in gamma-rays and X-rays above and below Galactic center; Diversity of Gravitationally-Rounded Objects in Solar system; some problems in Solar and Geophysics [1]. WUM reveals Inter-Connectivity of Primary Cosmological Parameters and calculates their values, which are in good agreement with the latest results of their measurements.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[5] viXra:2010.0018 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-03 19:08:08
Authors: Richard L. Marker
Comments: 3 Pages.
Gravitational time dilation can be expressed as a function of the gravitational acceleration caused by a central mass. The function in this form coincides with the usual view that gravity causes time dilation. This paper develops a companion function that expresses local gravitational acceleration as the gradient of local time dilation. The function in this form coincides with the view that the gradient of time dilation causes gravity. This view reverses the usual cause and effect association. The relationship between gravity and time dilation normally uses a hypothetical far distant reference clock. The removal of this linkage to a distant reference clock may help facilitate consideration of theoretical modifications to Newtonian gravity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[4] viXra:2010.0017 [pdf] replaced on 2021-11-16 15:26:27
Authors: Stephen H. Jarvis
Comments: 14 Pages.
The dependence of modern Physics on the works of Einstein as per his Special and General Relativity is without question, as such works pioneered the explanation of light as a massless particle, the photon, using the Equivalence Principle of inertial and gravitational mass, in the context of describing the then known phenomena of the redshift of light, the Perihelion of Mercury, and the deflection of light around a massive body, together with accounting for four key phenomena, only theorised to exist at the time, namely the gravitational redshift of light, the mass-based frame-dragging of space-time, Black Holes, and Gravitational Waves. This paper measures the success of Einstein’s theoretic devices, and why it seems Relativity Theory has failed to form a suitable bridging understanding between light and mass, between EM and gravity. A solution to the theoretic limitations of Einstein’s Relativity Theory is then proposed in the form of Temporal Calculus.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[3] viXra:2010.0005 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-01 16:56:23
Authors: Clark M. Thomas
Comments: 14 Pages.
Popular cosmological models of the universe fail to
properly embrace the multiverse. Because conventional
theories and direct visible evidence are very scant for the
multiverse, that does not invalidate an elegant version.
Supermassive black holes, as well as smaller black holes,
and even such phenomena as red dwarfs, support by
their very existence the multiversal paradigm.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[2] viXra:2010.0003 [pdf] replaced on 2020-10-08 10:39:35
Authors: Alfredo Dimas Moreira Garcia
Comments: 172 Pages.
ABSTRACT
The Special Theory of Relativity takes us to two results that presently are considered “inexplicable” to many renowned scientists, to know:
-The dilatation of time, and
-The contraction of the Lorentz Length.
The solution to these have driven the author to the development of the Undulating Relativity (UR) theory, where the Temporal variation is due to the differences on the route of the light propagation and the lengths are constants between two landmarks in uniform relative movement.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[1] viXra:2010.0001 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-01 10:54:46
Authors: Berkouk Mohamed
Comments: 11 Pages.
J’avais trouvé dans le Coran des sourates dont le thème explicite dans des Ayats précises a trait à la notion du temps relatif qui dépasse de loin ce qu’on ne peut imaginer , il aura fallu attendre le début du vingtième siècle de notre aire pour que cette notion soit reprise par Poincaré , Lorenz et Einstein , pour que soit enfin , vérifié théoriquement et expérimentalement la relativité de l’espace- temps . c’est alors que j’ai essayé d’appliquer ces données à ces Ayats en vue de déterminer à quelle vitesse s’est déroulée l’évènement propre dans chaque sourate , et d’essayer d’explorer les caractéristiques du référentiel dont Allah (SA), seul , avait décidé qu’il se déroule ainsi .
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
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