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[41] viXra:2006.0277 [pdf] submitted on 2020-06-30 10:59:49
Authors: Kenneth Dalton
Comments: 3 Pages. Journal-Ref: JHEPGC 6, 440. https://doi.org/10.4236/jhepgc.2020.63033
At the center of the Milky Way, our black hole may have suddenly changed from supermassive to intermediate-mass status. In doing so, it would have emitted an enormous burst of electromagnetic radiation. Here, the total energy of that burst
is calculated and compared with the Fermi bubble data.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[40] viXra:2006.0268 [pdf] replaced on 2020-06-30 14:02:14
Authors: Alberto Miró Morán
Comments: 6 Pages.
The metric expansion of space is the increase of the distance between two points in the universe with time. It is an intrinsic expansion of space itself changes. We propose this new model in which space is constant and time contracts.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[39] viXra:2006.0266 [pdf] submitted on 2020-06-29 13:01:02
Authors: Alberto Miró Morán
Comments: 6 Pages.
The cosmological constant problem or vacuum catastrophe is localized in the convergence between general relativity and quantum field theory, it is considered as a fundamental problem in modern physics. In this paper we find the factor which produces this difference.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[38] viXra:2006.0264 [pdf] submitted on 2020-06-29 13:06:20
Authors: Alberto Miró Morán
Comments: 6 Pages.
The cosmological constant problem or vacuum catastrophe is localized in the convergence between general relativity and quantum field theory, it is considered as a fundamental problem in modern physics. In this paper we find the factor which produces this difference.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[37] viXra:2006.0257 [pdf] submitted on 2020-06-28 16:35:53
Authors: George R. Briggs
Comments: 1 Page. I am submitting this note on the 28th to remind people of the great contributions of Eugene Wigner to physicsi.
A new 4th (bottom) lepton particle is assured to exist by the recently observed increase in Higgs mass of 90 MeV
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[36] viXra:2006.0248 [pdf] submitted on 2020-06-26 12:07:33
Authors: Christopher Pilot
Comments: 16 Pages. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.18974.36161
Cosmic inflation is considered assuming a cosmologically varying Newtonian gravitational constant, G. Utilizing two specific models for, G^(-1)(a), where, a, is the cosmic scale parameter, we find that the Hubble parameter, H, at inception of G-1, may be as high as 7.56 E53 km/(s Mpc) for model A, or, 8.55 E53 km/(s Mpc) for model B, making these good candidates for inflation. The Hubble parameter is inextricably linked to G by Friedmann’s equation, and if G did not exist prior to an inception temperature, then neither did expansion. The CBR temperatures at inception of G^(-1) are estimated to equal 6.20 E21 Kelvin for model, A, and 7.01 E21 for model, B, somewhat lower than CBR temperatures usually associated with inflation. These temperatures would fix the size of Lemaitre universe in the vicinity of 3% of the Earth’s radius at the beginning of expansion, thus avoiding a singularity, as is the case in the ΛCDM model. In the later universe, a variable G model cannot be dismissed based on SNIa events. In fact, there is now some compelling astronomical evidence, using rise times and luminosity, which we discuss, where it could be argued that SNIa events can only be used as good standard candles if a variation in G is taken into account. Dark energy may have more to do with a weakening G with increasing cosmological time, versus an unanticipated acceleration of the universe, in the late stage of cosmic evolution.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[35] viXra:2006.0233 [pdf] replaced on 2020-07-22 08:53:39
Authors: D. Chakalov
Comments: 11 Pages.
A reminder of the origin of gravity and GW150914, with illustrations.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[34] viXra:2006.0231 [pdf] replaced on 2023-05-30 21:45:39
Authors: Tom Fuchs
Comments: 8 Pages.
This paper shows that the Schwarzschild metric's prediction of black holes violates the equivalence principle. Rindler horizons, which are used to support the idea of black holes, are shown to work differently according to special relativity than is generally accepted today. New equations are derived for escape velocity and gravitational time dilation. A problem is shown in the derivation of the Schwarzschild metric, and solved to derive a new metric for Schwarzschild geometry. The new metric doesn't predict black holes, yet is experimentally confirmed, including by the famous picture that's reportedly of a black hole.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[33] viXra:2006.0224 [pdf] submitted on 2020-06-25 05:44:36
Authors: Özgen Ersan
Comments: 7 Pages. The person -who performs this experiment- can be a candidate for Nobel prize.
The velocity of light is measured by a light-specific method (mirrored double paths, uninterrupted photons, etc.). In this study an experiment is presented with a single photon and one way path. Thus, the increasing speed of the distance between the photon and its source can be measured and the essence of special relativity theory can be questioned. If this experiment can be realized, Earth’s momentary universal speed can be detected. The measurement direction which gives maximum and minimum values will be interpreted about current expanding speed of universe and expanding direction.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[32] viXra:2006.0223 [pdf] submitted on 2020-06-25 05:55:02
Authors: Özgen Ersan
Comments: 7 Pages. Deneyi gerçekleştiren kişi NOBEL adayı olabilir
Işık hızı, ışığa özgü bir yöntem (aynalı çift yol, kesintisiz foton, vb.) ile ölçülür. Bu çalışmada, ışık kinematiği için yeni bir yöntem eşliğinde, tek bir foton ve tek yönlü yol ile bazı ölçüm deneyleri önerilmiştir. Böylece, foton ve kaynağı arasındaki mesafenin artış hızı ölçülebilir ve özel görelilik teorisinin özü sorgulanabilir. Bu deneyler tam olarak gerçekleştirilebilirse, Dünya'nın anlık evrensel hızı tespit edilebilir. Maksimum ve minimum değerleri veren ölçümler, evrenin mevcut genişleme hızı ve genişleme yönü için yorumlanabilecektir.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[31] viXra:2006.0219 [pdf] replaced on 2020-08-02 06:51:37
Authors: Keith Maxwell Hardy
Comments: 28 Pages.
Distance-time theory is intrinsically a quantum time and space structure because it has both
local and nonlocal regions. Hence the quanta is a probabilistic interface between these regions. I
use a probabilistic wave distribution and create a rule: events within the waviness obey a
nonlocality rule, and measured events external to the waviness obey locality rules. Using this
rule, I discuss quantum nonlocal behavior within a distance-time structure. This discussion
includes quantum tunneling, entanglement, and time travel.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[30] viXra:2006.0217 [pdf] submitted on 2020-06-24 01:52:48
Authors: Henok Tadesse
Comments: 5 Pages.
The question of absolute motion has always been seen with respect to light (photons). The problem is often stated in terms of whether or not there is a light carrying medium (ether). However, if elementary particles such as electrons and neutrinos have wave properties, then the question of absolute motion should also apply to them. The superluminal neutrinos observed in 2011 ( OPERA experiment ) can be explained based on the wave property of neutrinos. It is proposed that the speed of neutrinos for a given set of experimental conditions is defined and constant with respect to absolute space. The observed ‘superluminal’ velocity of neutrinos is an apparent effect caused by absolute motion of the neutrino detector. Experiments based on an electron source, analogous to a light speed experiments, are proposed.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[29] viXra:2006.0209 [pdf] replaced on 2021-11-02 20:40:29
Authors: John Hunter
Comments: 15 pages 7 diagrams
A new cosmological model is suggested. It is a Big Bang type of model with a different redshift scale-factor relation. There is discussion of why observational evidence often supports the possibly faulty Concordance Cosmology. In the new model there is an apparent matter density of about 0.3 and no coincidence problem as the cosmological constant is zero. There is a solution to the Hubble tension.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[28] viXra:2006.0202 [pdf] replaced on 2022-01-02 03:07:17
Authors: Claudio Marchesan
Comments: 9 Pages. Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License
This is a scientific speculation that presents an unusual, but at the same time intuitive, idea of a cosmological model. The model is simple and requires no parameters; born for proposing an alternative view of the Galactic Recession involves other interesting developments.
The mathematical construction foresees a Universe of finite dimensions, in expansion, homogeneous and isotropic. Here all the points are equivalent and from each one there are no preferential directions. Gravity is needed to clarify some aspects of the model but is treated only at a qualitative level.
An intuitive explanation is given to Galactic recession and the Lorentz transformations. Definitions, data and formulas used can be easily found on the internet. To complete the whole, there is also a simple verification based on astronomical observations.
The next step would be to add gravity, building a physical model with matter and energy. In the following publication [viXra:2008.0015] you can find the resulting model as an approximation for the Galaxy Epoch. It is based on the Einstein’s solution for weak fields to the field equation of General Relativity. You can use this only in the context of observable Universe, during the lasts 10 billion years. Here no superluminal motion can be derived from the field equation of the Universe, so that, in this solution, Galactic Recession and General Relativity arise and develop separately.
Being understood that the main purpose is the alternative view of the Galactic Recession, we anticipate from [viXra:2008.0015] an interesting consideration: Referring to the relationship between space and time, in this model Relativity on our Universe excludes Absolute Space and this in turn excludes Galileo's Absolute Time. This is true however a hypothetical reference frame is chosen. Despite these considerations it is still possible to formulate a conjecture to admit the existence of the tachyon.
Finally, it is important to point out that this speculation leads to a falsifiable theory.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[27] viXra:2006.0200 [pdf] submitted on 2020-06-22 12:19:07
Authors: Alfonso Leon Guillen Gomez
Comments: 71 Pages.
It presents the basics of the “Relativistic theory of gravitation”, with the inclusion of original
texts, from various papers, published between 1987 and 2009, by theirs authors: S. S
Gershtein, A. A. Logunov, Yu. M. Loskutov and M. A. Mestvirishvili, additionally, together with
the introductions, summaries and conclusions of the author of this paper.
The “Relativistic theory of gravitation” is a gauge theory, compatible with the theories of
quantum physics of the electromagnetic, weak and strong forces, which defines gravity as the
fourth force existing in nature, as a static field equipped with the transmitter particles of the
virtual gravitons of spins 2 and 0, within the spirit of Galilei's principle of relativity, in his
generalization of Poincaré's Special Relativity that allowed the authors to universalize that the
physical laws of nature are complied with regardless of the frames of reference where they
apply, integrated into the Grossmann-Einstein Entwurf theory, in its further development, by
those authors, therefore, this theory preserves the conservation laws of energy-impulse and
angular impulse of the gravitational field jointly to the other material fields existing in nature,
in the Riemann's effective spacetime, through its identity with Minkowski's pseudo Euclidean
spacetime.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[26] viXra:2006.0199 [pdf] submitted on 2020-06-22 12:18:36
Authors: Alfonso Leon Guillen Gomez
Comments: 32 Pages.
Based on the various documents, 1989-2002, through the original texts, in addition to the
author's contributions, this paper presents the refutation of the mathematicians and physicists
A. Logunov and M. Mestvirishvil of A. Einstein's "general relativity", from the relativistic theory
of gravitation of these authors, who applying the fundamental principle of the science of
physics of the conservation of the energy-momentum and using absolute differential calculus
they rigorously perform their mathematical tests. It is conclusively shown that, from the
Einstein-Grossman-Hilbert equations, gravity is absurdly a metric field devoid of physical
reality unlike all other fields in nature that are material fields, interrupting the chain of
transformations between the different existing fields. Also, in Einstein's theory the proved
"inertial mass" equal to gravitational mass has no physical meaning. Therefore, "general
relativity" does not obey the correspondence principle with Newton's gravity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[25] viXra:2006.0189 [pdf] submitted on 2020-06-19 20:33:26
Authors: Ury Kofman
Comments: 23 Pages.
Simple, very natural, spatial (three-dimensional)
function of ether density is - according to suggesting theory - the only one primary essence of Nature; this function creates something like unified wave system.
Globally - capturing the creation at whole - this system produces infinite pyramid of nested black holes. Every such black hole is a certain volume "on some level", consisting of both its own black holes and its own ether. Our universe is a photon (black hole) of elder universe, and our ether is part of this black hole. Photon in our universe is a black hole and self-universe like ours. Periodically arising "problems" of heat death and gravitational collapse are resolved by Big Bangs (on every hemicycle of photon motion).
Locally - considering our universe - unified wave system produces observing by us secondary essences: matter, motion, gravitation, electromagnetism, strong interactions, phenomena of uncertainty and relativity. The theory considers ways and mechanisms of production and functionality of main physical essences of universe. Little more attention is paid to nature of gravity and wave-particle nature of matter - for elimination of existing logical contradictions and misunderstandings; theory supports "gateways of junction" between formal logic and quantum mechanics.
Considering of essences has neither mathematical nor philosophical, but conceptual-physical form. Modern physics suffocates from essences, and this theory is consistent implementation of Occam's razor.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[24] viXra:2006.0150 [pdf] submitted on 2020-06-16 20:07:00
Authors: Greg P. Proper
Comments: 5 Pages.
The acceptance of the multiverse by prominent cosmologists opens the door to exploring alternative solutions to Einstein's field equations. This brief paper explores the mathematics of an alternative solution in which it is postulated that dτ physically behaves differently than it does in the FLRW cosmology (i.e., dτ=a(t)dt as opposed to the FLRW's dτ=dt). The equations that are analogous to the Friedmann equations contain an additional a2 term, and the equation that is analogous to the Friedmann acceleration equation has a change in sign. The age-based a(t)=t/t0 solution to these equations results in an Einstein variable gravity model in which the cosmological constant (Λ) discrepancy is resolved. The analogs to the Friedmann equations, when evaluated between the Planck era and t0 effectively reduce to the same expression as the calculation of the vacuum Zero-point energy, i.e. ΩΛZ=10120
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[23] viXra:2006.0147 [pdf] replaced on 2020-06-18 19:11:44
Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 4 Pages.
We point out that Newton’s constant may be interpreted as adiabatic invariant of metric oscillations in the far-field approximation of General Relativity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[22] viXra:2006.0137 [pdf] replaced on 2020-06-25 03:06:10
Authors: Eric Su
Comments: 3 Pages. Note that the author does not read Disqus comments here, please respond by email. Including a list of publications is also a healthy gesture.
Schwarzschild metric describes the geodesic of massless point in a manifold created by a point mass at the origin.
The metric forbids any mass on the geodesic.
The speed of light along the geodesic is a function of its distance to the origin. The time is also a function of the
distance. Consequently, light accelerates through the geodesic unless the geodesic follows a circular
orbit around the origin which Schwarzschild characterized with Kepler's law.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[21] viXra:2006.0127 [pdf] submitted on 2020-06-14 12:55:01
Authors: Miron Newelski
Comments: 6 Pages.
This article presents the relations occurring in the FRW cosmological model: the radius of the visible universe is π times the age of the universe, Hubble's law is expressed by the relation ln(1 + Z), The deceleration parameter q = 1 - π/2 .
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[20] viXra:2006.0124 [pdf] submitted on 2020-06-14 15:58:25
Authors: Ramsès Bounkeu Safo
Comments: 19 Pages.
Gravity is the most problematic interaction of modern science. Our current understanding of gravitation as a spacetime curvature needs the introduction of both Dark Matter and Dark Energy accounting for 95\% of the energy of the universe. Questioning the very foundations of gravity might be the key to understanding it better since its description changed over time. Newton described it as a force, Einstein described it as a spacetime curvature and this paper shows how gravity can be described as a force able to bend spacetime instead. Based on a physical interpretation of the Schwarzschild metric, this approach yields the same predictions as General Relativity such as Mercury’s Perihelion Precession, Light Bending, Time Dilation and Gravitational Waves as well as predicted testable deviations from General Relativity. Applying this description of gravity to cosmology accounts for the accelerating expanding universe with no need for Dark Energy. Described as a spacetime bending force, gravity becomes quantizable as a force in a curved spacetime which is compatible with the Standard Model of particle physics. Therefore, one could adapt the Lagrangian of the Standard Model to this theory to achieve Quantum Gravity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[19] viXra:2006.0106 [pdf] submitted on 2020-06-12 14:31:09
Authors: John Hodge
Comments: 2 Pages.
The Big Bang's model of the beginning of our universe is inconsistent with all other forms of beginning in the universe. The Scalar Theory of Everything (STOE) posits the general principles of all the components of the universe also apply to the universe as a whole. Therefore, the universe began as a single source, grew, and multiplied.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[18] viXra:2006.0094 [pdf] submitted on 2020-06-11 21:15:00
Authors: George R. Briggs
Comments: 1 Page.
In MHCE8S modern universe theory, the "magic numbers" of Eugene Wigner differ in only two numbers and in only one of these importantly
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[17] viXra:2006.0092 [pdf] replaced on 2020-06-19 04:32:58
Authors: Zbigniew Osiak
Comments: 17 Pages.
On the basis of a black-hole model of the static Universe, a black-hole model of the spinning Universe was proposed. At the same mass, the spinning Universe has (relative to static) a larger radius, lower density, energy density and thickness of the anti-gravity halo.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[16] viXra:2006.0091 [pdf] replaced on 2020-06-19 04:38:45
Authors: Zbigniew Osiak
Comments: 17 Pages.
Na bazie czarnodziurowego modelu statycznego Wszechświata zaproponowano czarnodziurowy model wirującego Wszechświata. Przy tej samej masie wirujący Wszechświat ma (w stosunku do statycznego) większy promień, mniejszą gęstość, gęstość energii i grubość powłoki antygrawitacyjnej.
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On the basis of a black-hole model of the static Universe, a black-hole model of the spinning Universe was proposed. At the same mass, the spinning Universe has (relative to static) a larger radius, lower density, energy density and thickness of the anti-gravity halo.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[15] viXra:2006.0084 [pdf] submitted on 2020-06-10 06:35:21
Authors: Henok Tadesse
Comments: 16 Pages.
One of the yet unsolved, simplest yet fundamental problems in physics is the question of the speed of gravitational action. It is usually formulated as follows. Suppose that the Sun disappeared suddenly. This would be sensed on Earth as a loss of gravitational pull of the Sun and as a loss of sunlight. Obviously, sunlight would disappear after 8.3 minutes. The question is: will gravitational pull of the Sun on Earth disappear instantaneously or with a delay of the speed of light?The accepted, mainstream understanding is that loss of Sun’s gravity would also be felt on Earth with a delay of the speed of light. However, based on astronomical observations, some experts have argued that the direction of gravitational pull of the Sun on Earth now is directed towards the position of the Sun now, implying instantaneous transmission. Moreover, they have argued that finite speed of gravity will result in instability of planetary systems. However, another line of reasoning has also shown that this literal view of instantaneous transmission is also wrong. This paradox leads us to a profound conclusion that the speed of gravity has dual nature: light speed and instantaneous.How can this be? The new finding is that causality will be (apparently or actually) violated in gravitational phenomenon as follows. Suppose that the Sun disappeared at time t = 0.The strange thing is that the Sun will anticipate its disappearance and will emitzero gravitational field toward the Earth 8.3 minutes before its actual disappearance! This signal travels at the speed of light and reach the Earth after 8.3 minutes. This means that the signal of zero gravitational field will reach the Earth at time t= 0. The arrival of zero gravitational field at the Earth will coincide exactly in time with the disappearance of the Sun, implying instantaneous transmission. Thus, by apparent violation of causality, nature allows the speed of gravity to be both finite (light speed) and infinite.Actually, the discovery of this idea of causality violation did not emerge from investigation of the gravitational phenomenon discussed above. It emerged from a line of reasoning during investigation of quantum phenomena, such as particle interference patterns in double-slit experiments, quantum entanglement, “which way” and quantum erasure experiments.From a new insight about the internal structure and dynamics of quantum particles such as photons and electrons, a conclusion has been reached that the exact point on the detector screen of a double-slit experiment where a photon will land is completely predetermined by fine tuning the initial conditions of the photon and the electron during emission. This means that where exactly a photon lands on the detecting screen is completely predetermined by its initial conditions, just as where exactly a ball lands on the ground is predetermined by its initial conditions. This means that an interference pattern or any arbitrary pattern could be formed on the detector screen by (almost) infinitely fine-tuning the initial conditions of the photon during emission, regardless of whether one or both slits are open, regardless of the distance between the slits, regardless of the distance of the detecting screen. In principle, a mechanical version of particle interference patterns can be created by repeatedly kicking a ball towards a hole (‘slit’ ) in a wall, with a ‘detector’ wall at some arbitrary distance from the hole(s). This would require almost ‘infinite’ fine tuning of the initial conditions of the ball, that is initial velocity, initial direction and other parameters. The interference pattern occurred just because of infinite fine tuning of the initial conditions of the ball and not because the ball ‘interfered’ with itself. We only made a successful simulation, and created the pattern as if the ball interfered with itself. A supernatural football player can create an ‘interference’ pattern on the net by accurately deflecting the ball from either pole. The interference pattern in the photon and electron double-slit experiment is fundamentally the same. The conclusion is that aiming a photon to a particular atom on the screen requires (almost) infinite fine-tuning during emission. This raises the burning question: WHO fine-tunes the photons during emission so that they form an interference pattern or a Gaussian pattern? The emitting atom?The light source conspiring with the detecting screen? Atoms have infinitely small intelligence as to do the infinitely complex task of fine-tuning a photon. The conclusion is that a super natural being is fine-tuning and, literally, aiming each and every photon emitted not only from the light source of a double slit experiment, but also all photons emitted from all light sources in the universe. The overwhelming evidence of divine intervention is that photons and electrons cannot by themselves behave both as waves and as particles simultaneously. LITERALLY, God has been behind all confusing light speed experiments and observations made over centuries. It has been discovered that the correct model of the speed of light is a novel, seamless fusion of ether theory and emission theory ( Apparent Source Theory ). Photons cannot by themselves exhibit this dual nature. Literally, all dualities observed so far in light, electromagnetism and gravity are possible ONLY by DIRECT divine intervention.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[14] viXra:2006.0082 [pdf] submitted on 2020-06-09 13:28:00
Authors: Dmitri Martila
Comments: 2 Pages. Rejected by many journals, submitted to Physical Review D
The Twin Paradox is explored and proven to be a real contradiction in Einstein's mathematics.
The fix to this problem is given, hereby the Absolute Reference System is needed.
But the latter does not need new formulas, but rather the known formulas of Einstein.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[13] viXra:2006.0070 [pdf] replaced on 2021-05-16 05:39:46
Authors: J. E. S. Gustafsson
Comments: 7 Pages.
We examine the associated wave of the electron, and we put in evidence the problem with its relative velocity. The velocity of an electron is always measured relative to the laboratory, which gives the correct behaviour of the electron relative to the law of Louis de Broglie. But, to agree with this law, there must exist some interaction between the electron and the laboratory, which allows the electron to modify its characteristics. The electron must therefore interact with a media connected to the laboratory. Such a media must be associated with the earth, following it in its path through the Universe. It follows that the relativity theories of A. Einstein are wrong.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[12] viXra:2006.0057 [pdf] replaced on 2020-06-12 16:40:15
Authors: Vladimir Netchitailo
Comments: 11 Pages.
Every four years the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) provides a self-consistent set of values of the basic constants and conversion factors of physics recommended for international use. In 2013, the World-Universe Model (WUM) proposed a principally different depiction of the World as an alternative to the picture of the Big Bang Model. This article makes a detailed analysis of the self-consistency of Fundamental Physical Constants through the prism of WUM. The performed analysis suggests: discontinuing using the notion “Vacuum” and its characteristics (Speed of Light in Vacuum, Characteristic Impedance of Vacuum, Vacuum Magnetic Permeability, Vacuum Electric Permittivity); correcting the numerical value and relative standard uncertainty of Hartree energy; accepting the exact numerical values of Planck constant and Elementary charge. WUM recommends the predicted value of Newtonian Constant of Gravitation (x8 more accurate than the 2018 value) to be considered in CODATA Recommend Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants 2022.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[11] viXra:2006.0049 [pdf] submitted on 2020-06-06 03:27:37
Authors: Kenneth Dalton
Comments: 4 Pages. Journal-ref: JHEPGC 6, 321 (2020) https://doi.org/10.4236/jhepgc.2020.63025
Supermassive black holes formed during the lepton epoch of the Big Bang.
What follows is a description of how this may have happened.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[10] viXra:2006.0042 [pdf] submitted on 2020-06-05 08:54:10
Authors: Eran Sinbar
Comments: 1 Page.
This paper suggests a way to prove based on Black Hole Tidal Disruption Events (TDE) or by Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB), comparing the observatory telescopes with the Laser Interferometry Gravitational wave Observatory (LIGO) measurements that photonic light can never pass the event horizon of a black hole towards the gravitational singularity in its core. This conclusion will indicate that photonic light has no direct gravitational effect on space-time and that at the event horizon it will interact with a gravitational “fire wall” that will split the photon into a matter particle with its gravitational curving effect and an anti-matter particle with its anti -gravitational stretching effect.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[9] viXra:2006.0039 [pdf] submitted on 2020-06-05 12:28:22
Authors: Raymond H. Gallucci
Comments: 4 Pages.
The speed of light (3.00 x 10^5 km/s in a vacuum) lies beyond human comprehension, especially if one is to postulate that it can be achieved ballistically by a particle, even a “massless” one such as a photon. If such speeds are attainable, which experimentation and astronomical observation apparently have “proven,” then it is slightly less of a leap of faith to imagine such speeds to result from wave phenomena, suggesting that a propagating medium for light must exist (an “aether”) despite such allegedly having been disproven pre-Einstein. With this possibility in mind, two light phenomena are examined from the perspective of an aether as light’s medium of transmission.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[8] viXra:2006.0036 [pdf] submitted on 2020-06-04 14:56:53
Authors: Rayd Majeed Al-Shammari Al-Qahtani
Comments: 31 Pages.
This work proves the effect of the gravitational blueshift of a moving gravity well on the electric permittivity of free space through both mathematical derivation and experimental evidence from a vertical variation of the Michelson-Morley experiment and shows the right way to calculate the cosmological constant from the quantum field fluctuations with an accuracy of (93.5%) from the average accepted experimental results i.e. theoretical calculations ( Λ≅-1.4028×10^(-9) J.m^(-3)) and the correct way to solve the vacuum catastrophe.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[7] viXra:2006.0033 [pdf] submitted on 2020-06-04 12:34:51
Authors: Mahesh Khati
Comments: 49 Pages.
This paper proves that: 1)Special theory of relativity is mathematically wrong. 2)Effect of special theory of relativity is true in one direction that is due to the property of subspace. 3)Space & vacuum are different. This concept solves the problem of dark matter, dark energy & big bang. 4)We already know that Standard model of particle physics is not perfect & there are complete zoo of particles present in the world. I have given alternative to this concept of standard model which can explain the dark matter particle.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[6] viXra:2006.0024 [pdf] submitted on 2020-06-03 10:04:46
Authors: V. A. Kasimov
Comments: 25 Pages. The article is based mainly on the work in English, which is referenced in the text
The modern formulation of Einstein's principle of equivalence in the triune hypostasis is a more powerful and far-reaching concept. Now the equivalence principle is considered as the basis not only of the relativistic theory of gravity, but also as a General idea when constructing theories in curved space-time. Let's hope that today's problems, for example, with energy (the covariance of the" tensor "of energy-momentum), with space-time relations in the megamir (the "Australian dipole") and others will be solved within the framework of GRT and RTG.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[5] viXra:2006.0022 [pdf] replaced on 2021-05-19 01:45:46
Authors: Özgür Berké
Comments: 62 Pages. I show a clearer expression of the modification of the speed addition formula. I apply the analysis to the relativistic gravitational field. I also add a discussion of the origin of the energy scale and its relation with the mass.
I propose a Lagrangian proof of Einstein's well-known law that the mass system is its internal energy. The interest of this proof is to show how the distinction between internal degrees of freedom and the center of mass appears in the Lagrangian formalism. Considering that the Lagrangian depends on a particular set of variables for the internal degree of freedom, I show in a standard Lagrangian way how one can naturally find the desired law. This proof does not use the tensors of energy-momentum and can be easily used by students familiar with Lagrangian mechanics and the basis of special relativity. I apply the method for the particles and for the field, using the scalar field for simplification but it is easy to generalize for other fields (containing only the first derivative in Lagrangian). I give the example for the gravitation field. The method permits us to observe a strong relation between the Einstein’s E=mc² law and his other famous law of the time dilatation. I carefully analyze the meaning of the particular choice of the variable and showing a sort of a modified speed addition formula without contradicting, of course, the one of Einstein (& Poincaré). I also try to untangle (for myself at least) the relation between the mass and the origin of the energy scale. Finally I analyze the reason why in Newtonian mechanic we don’t have a such law. In future complement I will apply this way of thinking in the toy model of the electron (useful for an explicit classical renormalization of the mass) and the effective description of a complex system in term of a particle in order to better understand the passage from this 2 forms of description often used but never really explained.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[4] viXra:2006.0013 [pdf] submitted on 2020-06-01 20:16:42
Authors: George R. Briggs
Comments: 2 Pages.
The dark heavy particle is included in this model. All m asses are 4 digits or less, including the down neutron quark
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[3] viXra:2006.0012 [pdf] submitted on 2020-06-01 18:09:41
Authors: Emil Gigov
Comments: 1 Page.
The differential time is incompatible with the theory of relativity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[2] viXra:2006.0010 [pdf] submitted on 2020-06-01 00:05:24
Authors: Alfred Bennun
Comments: 17 Pages. 6 figures
The photon-electron interaction allows to describe a relativistic dynamics of the quantum absorption-emission of the electron, which could provide a description of the primordial universe and the arrow of time, applied to quantum computers, electron microscope and other technologies. The alternatives descriptions for the wave-particle duality have variable interpretations, when came to describe how with a single constitutive mechanism, the photon shows changes on the relationship between electric and magnetic phases, which in the space-time are structured as differentiable responses when acting on a target, manifesting properties of particles (photoelectric), or a wave (in the double-slit experiment). By analyzing the quantum absorption-emission of the electron, quantum properties emerge at the high and low energy extremes. The image sequence of the topographic projection of the unidirectional wave function, suggest that within the particle the incorporated energy, produce orderly patterns conforming energy convection cells of quasi-fractal periodicity. This patterns, in the direction of absorption shows increasing energy levels, decreasing the contour that could be related by the relationship that decreasing entropy increase curvatures, until the Planck limit. If the sequence is examined in reverse, or emission, also shows a proportional correlation between relativistic mass or potential-energy and the curvature of space. Emission increasing entropy, eventually leads to decreasing curvature of the particle, which is revealed by the tendency of internal contour force-lines to become parallel. Scale extrapolation allows postulating, that increasing entropy by decreasing curvature, allows relating space expansion to the universe flatness.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[1] viXra:2006.0009 [pdf] submitted on 2020-06-01 00:17:32
Authors: Eric Su
Comments: 4 Pages. Note that the author does not read Disqus comments here, please respond by email. Including a list of publications is also a healthy gesture.
The standing wave exists in a microwave resonator if the length of the resonator cavity is equal to multiple
half-wavelengths of microwave. The stationary interference of standing wave will travel in another inertial reference
frame. The vibrating pattern of the standing wave is conserved. The existence of nodes in all reference frames requires
the wavelength of the microwave to be conserved in all inertial reference frames.
The angular frequency of microwave is different in every reference frame.
Hence, the apparent velocity of the microwave depends on the choice of reference frame while the elapsed time remains
invariant in all reference frames.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
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