| viXra.org > Physics of Biology > 2501 |
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| viXra.org > Physics of Biology > 2501 |
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[5] viXra:2501.0153 [pdf] submitted on 2025-01-28 22:43:57
Authors: Daoudi Rédoane
Comments: 4 Pages.
The immunological synapse (IS) is a highly dynamic and organized interface between Tcells and antigen-presenting cells, facilitating critical immune responses. From a biophysicalstandpoint, the IS integrates molecular diffusion, receptor-ligand binding kinetics, cytoskeletal forces, and mechanical tension to achieve precise signal transduction. This article explores the biophysical principles underlying IS formation and function, including the binding kinetics of T cell receptor (TCR) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC), actin cytoskeletal dynamics, and force-dependent receptor clustering. Mathematical models such as diffusion-reaction equations and force-dependent dissociation rates are presented to describe the spatial and temporal organization of the IS. Additionally, experimental approaches such as TIRF microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and computational modeling are discussed, shedding light on the IS as a mechanochemical signaling platform. Understanding the biophysics of the IS provides insights into immune regulation and offers potential applications in immunotherapy.
Category: Physics of Biology
[4] viXra:2501.0134 [pdf] submitted on 2025-01-24 15:59:35
Authors: Reginald B. Little
Comments: 5 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Title modified to conform with scholarly norm)
In 2018, it was proposed by RBL that HIV fractionates some isotopes during its infection, dormant stage and advancement to AIDS. In 2023, scientists led by Balter measured fractionation of Zn isotopes during HIV infection and advancement of the disease, whereby the HIV and the HIV infected cells enrich in the least massive stable Zn isotope: 64Zn. Surrounding media of the HIV infected cells and HIV itself enrich in the heavier stable isotopes: 66Zn, 67Zn, 68Zn and 70Zn. The author (RBL) previously proposed general mechanism of feeding viruses particular enriched isotopes and use of electromagnetic fields, magnetic fields, electric fields and agitations for inducing isotopic replacement during proliferation of the virus and infection to mutate and inactivate the virus. This work outlines details of application of such for intrinsic light isotopic enrichment of unstable 62Zn into HIV and HIV infected cells with the rapid electron capture reactions transmuting the 62Zn to 62Cu and to 62Ni for altering interactions of zinc fingers and other binding of zinc in HIV and HIV infected viruses to kill the HIV infected virus and inactivate the HIV with specific emphasis on previously hidden HIV reservoirs. These hidden HIV reservoirs contain Zn fingers and this theoretical cure internally mutate and inactivate these hidden HIV reservoirs throughout the patients’ bodies by nuclei of 62Zn, 62Cu and 62Ni
Category: Physics of Biology
[3] viXra:2501.0119 [pdf] submitted on 2025-01-21 21:33:12
Authors: Ivan V. Savelev, Michael M. Rempel, Oksana O. Polesskaya, Richard Alan Miller, Max Myakishev-Rempel
Comments: 29 Pages.
A novel model is presented of DNA-water interactions within the cell nucleus, proposing a mechanism for continuous self-reorganization of water structures around DNA. The model suggests that DNA sequences may imprint information onto water through stepwise shifting water layers. A key consequence of this model is the proposed prevalence of homologous sequence-specific adhesion of repetitive DNA elements, particularly transposons. In this, two identical double-helical DNA sequences stick to each other in head-to-head orientation via transverse water layers, without unwinding or separating their strands. This adhesion is proposed to drive perpetual dynamic chromatin refolding by pairing identical transposons to form large DNA loops and helices and thus create 30nm fibers and higher-order chromatin structures. Further, the model postulates the existence of a transposon code based on the positions of transposons in introns and intergenic sequences. This way positions of transposons are proposed to program chromatin refolding patterns. It is proposed that sequence-specific refolding dance of chromatin defined by transposons is a mechanism how the cell processes information, performs logical operations and ultimately, thinks. Predictions based on this structural model were tested using genome sequence data, revealing specific patterns in purine sequence distribution and nucleotide homology that provide preliminary support for the model. While largely theoretical, the model generates testable predictions. The potential applications of the proposed model include gene regulation, developmental biology, regenerative medicine and cancer research.
Category: Physics of Biology
[2] viXra:2501.0107 [pdf] submitted on 2025-01-20 13:08:59
Authors: Herbert Weidner
Comments: 7 Pages.
The brains of fish and tadpoles show that surprisingly few neurons are sufficient to trigger reactions vital to survival. The escape reaction functions without memory and without adaptation of synaptic transmission; it is a reproducible connection of several neurons. Despite decades of research, we are still a long way from understanding the entire circuit. Comments and suggestions on brain research from a physicist's perspective.
Category: Physics of Biology
[1] viXra:2501.0072 [pdf] submitted on 2025-01-11 06:47:30
Authors: Perry W. Swanborough
Comments: 13 Pages.
A macroscopic view of Langton (1984) and Byl (1989) self-replicating loops has facilitated their representation by oriented states of single cells. In this work, the single-cell representation of the loop replicator is adapted to facilitate a wide variety of interactions identifiable by observation of the dynamics of arbitrary spatial distributions of many replicator copies. Dynamic loops of periods greater than the four-step rotation cycle of the orientated state were observed, and examples with periods of 20 and 12 are shown. The paper includes some discussion of irreversibility in both computation and biology, with recognition of the problem of deriving concrete conclusions about abiogenesis and pre-LUCA biology from speculative preliminary abstraction.
Category: Physics of Biology
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