Physics of Biology

2411 Submissions

[6] viXra:2411.0141 [pdf] submitted on 2024-11-21 22:07:22

Yeast-Based Expression of Zika Virus Envelope Protein and CTB Fusion for Oral Vaccine Development

Authors: Hyunho Shin
Comments: 8 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Further speculative work will not be accepted!)

This study describes the development of an expression system for an oral Zika virus vaccine. The vaccine is based on a fusion protein of the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) and the Zika virus envelope protein (E protein), connected via a GGSG linker and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The ADH1 promoter was incorporated into the yeast expression vector to drive transcription of the fusion protein. Yeast transformants were confirmed through colony PCR, and initial protein expression was validated using SDS-PAGE.
Category: Physics of Biology

[5] viXra:2411.0087 [pdf] submitted on 2024-11-12 22:36:35

A Physics Perspective on Trial and Error Evolution and Intelligence

Authors: Eran Magshim Lavi
Comments: 10 Pages. Distributed under CC BY-NC 4.0

This article investigates the pivotal role of Energy in trial-and-error evolution (TAEE). I commence by discussing the Uncertainty principle, which introduces fundamental randomness to physical phenomena and imparts random variability to the TAEE (trial and error evolution). As Energy is the sole component of our Cosmos, the TAEE reflects in Energy and its changes: its exertion capabilities, storage, and ad hoc planning (of Energy exertion.) I then investigated TAEE as reflected in the emergence of intelligence. The Least action principle controls Energy movement in space-time; thus, intelligence emergence directly connects to structures' ability to use the Least action principle. For example, first-level nonintelligent structures (e.g., elementary particles, simple replicating molecules) cannot plan a path, and the Least action principle completely predetermines their infinitesimal movements. They cannot control their Energy exertion, store Energy, or plan ad hoc. After a long process of TAEE, intelligent structures emerged with advanced Energy control, robust Energy storage, and ad hoc planning, allowing complete ad hoc path planning and the ability to make unrestricted mid-course path adjustments. This progression underscores the intricate relationship between Energy dynamics, trial and error evolution, and intelligence evolution.
Category: Physics of Biology

[4] viXra:2411.0056 [pdf] submitted on 2024-11-08 03:31:05

Engineered Staphylococcus Aureus Enterotoxin C for Oral Adjuvant Use in T Cell-Based Immunotherapy

Authors: Hyunho Shin
Comments: 6 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Further speculation will not be accepted!)

Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins are potent superantigens known for inducing strong T cell activation, which can lead to cytokine storms and significant immune responses. Recent advancements in T cell-based cancer immunotherapies, including CAR-T cell therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors, highlight the potential role of modified superantigens as adjuvants to boost immune activation. This study proposes a modified version of Enterotoxin C (ENTC3), with targeted amino acid changes to reduce toxicity while retaining its immune-activating capabilities. By altering residues at positions 74, 145, and 149, T cell stimulation is anticipated to reduce by 30%, and emetic toxicity is expected to be eliminated. Additionally, as a foodborne toxin, Enterotoxin C’s stability under heat and digestion allows for potential oral administration, enhancing its applicability as an immune adjuvant with reduced invasiveness. Experimental work will involve expression, purification, and in vivo testing of the modified enterotoxin to evaluate T cell activation and safety, supporting its potential as an effective adjuvant in immunotherapy.
Category: Physics of Biology

[3] viXra:2411.0045 [pdf] submitted on 2024-11-06 21:59:08

Modification of Campylobacter Cytolethal Distending Toxin for Selective Targeting of PD-L1 Expressing Cancer Cells

Authors: Hyunho Shin
Comments: 8 Pages.

Cytolethal Distending Toxin (CDT), a tripartite exotoxin from Campylobacter jejuni, is known for inducing DNA damage and apoptosis. In this study, we engineered the A subunit (CDTA) to selectively target cancer cells by replacing its native binding region with anti-PD-L1 antibody sequences. Using sequence data from UniProt (CDTA: A1VXG4, PD-L1: Q9NZQ7), we identified and modified CDTA’s residues 129-140. Structural validation using AlphaFold 2 confirmed that these modifications retained CDTA’s structural stability and affinity for PD-L1, supporting its potential as a targeted cancer therapeutic. Future experimental steps include protein expression, purification, and cytotoxicity testing to confirm the toxin’s selective binding and apoptotic effects on PD-L1 positive cancer cells.
Category: Physics of Biology

[2] viXra:2411.0037 [pdf] submitted on 2024-11-05 21:40:58

Development of a Silk Fibroin Scaffold for Gingival Regeneration: Formulation, Efficacy Testing, and Expected Clinical Application

Authors: Hyunho Shin
Comments: 7 Pages.

Gingival recession, characterized by the apical migration of gingival tissue, leads to root exposure and subsequent complications such as sensitivity, root caries, and periodontal disease. Current treatment options, including tissue grafts and regenerative therapies, are limited by their invasiveness and inconsistent outcomes. This study proposes a silk fibroin scaffold infused with three growth factors (EGF, FGF, VEGF) and three adhesive proteins (laminin, fibronectin, osteonectin) to enhance gingival cell proliferation, attachment, and integration with the alveolar bone. The scaffold aims to promote natural gingival regeneration while providing structural support. The development process, efficacy testing, and expected clinical application of this novel gingival regeneration scaffold are outlined. This approach, if successful, could offer a safer, non-invasive, and cost-effective solution for treating gingival recession.
Category: Physics of Biology

[1] viXra:2411.0018 [pdf] submitted on 2024-11-03 22:54:12

[Speculation on a] Novel Approach for Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment: Inhibition and Degradation of Beta-Amyloid 42 Aggregates Using a Nasal Ultrasonic Nebulizer for Peptide Delivery

Authors: Hyunho Shin
Comments: 10 Pages.

This study proposes an innovative therapeutic approach for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) targeting the aggregation and clearance of the neurotoxic amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42) peptide. Utilizing computational design tools such as AlphaFold 2, we identified and optimized functional peptides capable of binding the hydrophobic C-terminal region of Aβ42 to prevent aggregation and promote degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). This non-invasive strategy envisions peptide administration through a nasal ultrasonic nebulizer, which could bypass the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and deliver peptides directly to the brain. The concept focuses on the potential of combining targeted peptide design with a delivery system that enables rapid, brain-specific absorption, presenting a novel direction for AD therapy.
Category: Physics of Biology