Astrophysics

Flat Rotation Curves of Spiral Galaxies

Authors: Stefan Bernhard Ruester
Comments: 13 Pages. Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.8, n.8, (30-42), November 1, 2022

In this article, a simple but quite accurate model conforming to observations and solving the modified Poisson equation is utilized in order to compute the rotation curves as well as the radial acceleration relations of spiral galaxies being composed of several components: the central region of the bulge, the bulge, the disk, and dark matter. With this model, flat rotation curves of spiral galaxies are obtained, because the modified Poisson equation approximately meets the requirement of conservation of total energy in Newton's theory of gravity, wherefore the model contains the exact circular speeds of test particles which are caused by the dark matter component of the respective considered spiral galaxies. The computed rotation curves are fitted to the observed speeds in spiral galaxies taken from SPARC. It turns out, that the simple model in this article is able to explain the observed flat rotation curves as well as the increasing rotation curves at large distances from the center of spiral galaxies with a very good accuracy.
Category: Astrophysics

The 95% Missing Mass of the Universe

Authors: Arieh Sher
Comments: 4 Pages.

The Big Bang theory is the prevailing theory in cosmology. But it is facing an awkward situation. It can account for only 5% of the mass in the universe. This is the mass of the visible universe. The other 95% of the mass in the universe is unknown or "dark". In this paper, I suggest a modification to the BB that can solve this conundrum.
Category: Astrophysics

The General Hohmann Transfer

Authors: Mark Linick
Comments: 5 Pages.

An analytical method is presented for tangent transfers (Hohman type transfers) between non-coaxial elliptical orbits. Since Hohmann transfers are thought not to apply to non-coaxial orbits, this method generalizes the Hohmann transfer, typically used only between circular orbits. Since tangent transfers are less complex, as they require no change in direction, they offer an alternative to other orbital transfer and rendezvous methods.
Category: Astrophysics

Stabilization and Dissolution of Matter

Authors: R. Muraleedhara Kurup
Comments: 13 Pages.

This concept contributes a clear aspect of stabilization and dissolution of energy, force, waves, field, atomic particles, atomic state, molecular state, state of matter, matter and space-time symmetry. Infinity (of all possibilities) is the unrealized state (beforeformation) of every natural phenomena. These fundamental of matter arise due to pulsingwith space-time symmetry. The unrealized state pulsated, and after space-time symmetry isformed, movement takes place. Effect of gradually increasing intensity of pulsation becomesmovement in space-time symmetry, and the stabilization of increasing power of pulsationbecomes energy and the change in intensity of energy generates force. The nature of thechanges in the intensities of energy and force is wave like and waves stabilizes into fieldwith required space-time symmetry. At the critical limit of pulsation, field stabilize intosubatomic particle (mass factor) with required space- time symmetry. As the process ofincreasing intensity, the sub atomic particle stabilizes into atomic particles and atomicparticles stabilizes into atoms at the critical limit of interaction with required space-timesymmetry. Similarly, atoms stabilizes into molecules and molecules stabilizes into state ofmatter and state of matter stabilizes into matter at the critical limit of interaction withrequired space-time symmetry. Hence, every stage of matter come into effect and unificationof matter occurs. The present paper describes the concept and results in details.
Category: Astrophysics

Who Checks NASA’s Dart Project?

Authors: Sjaak Uitterdijk
Comments: 2 Pages.

A digital model of the collision of DART with Dimorphos, the ‘moon’ of the asteroid Didymos, learns that the by NASA press released influence of this collision on the orbit of this ‘moon’ is most likely greatly exaggerated. It is considered much more likely that the influence lies within the uncertainty of the parameters of this orbit.
Category: Astrophysics

Properties of Tiny Objects and Vast Things

Authors: Thomas J. Buckholtz
Comments: 48 Pages.

Physics has yet to complete a catalog of properties of objects, complete a list of elementary particles, describe dark matter, and explain dark energy phenomena. This paper shows modeling that catalogs properties (such as charge and mass) and elementary particles (such as quarks and gluons). The catalog of properties includes known properties and suggests new properties. The catalog of elementary particles includes all known elementary particles and suggests new elementary particles. The modeling has bases in integer arithmetic and complements popular modeling that has bases in space-time coordinates. This paper shows applications that combine popular modeling, the expanded set of properties, and the expanded set of elementary particles. Applications describe dark matter, explain known ratios of dark matter effects to ordinary matter effects, point to possible resolutions for so-called tensions (between data and popular modeling) regarding dark energy phenomena, and suggest insight about galaxy evolution.
Category: Astrophysics

An Alternate Explanation for the 'Spokes' Observed in Saturn's Rings

Authors: Fenton Doolan
Comments: 15 Pages.

In this paper, it is suggested that 'spokes' that appear in Saturn's rings at the equinoxes consist of grains of silicates that have been coated in pyrolytic carbon through the process of chemical vapour deposition. Pyrolytic carbon is a highly diamagnetic substance and as such can levitate above a sufficiently strong magnetic field due to a repulsive force. The 'spokes' also consist of ice particles as ice is also a highly diamagnetic substance. The photoelectric effect can be used to explain why the silicates coated in pyrolytic carbon return back to the main ring structure when exposed to sunlight of a specific frequency ie they become paramagnetic and thus are attracted towards the magnetic field emanating from the main ring structure. It is also suggested that Saturn's rings always have 'spokes'. They are only visible however when a favourable viewing angle is allowed, which is dependent on the angle of the sunlight hitting Saturn's rings.
Category: Astrophysics

Théorie Des Constantes Universelles: Démonstration de la Constance Des Unités de Planck et Des Constantes Universelles
Theory of Universal Constants: Demonstration of the Constancy of Planck Units and Universal Constants

Authors: Khalid Jerrari
Comments: 74 Pages.

Dans les lois fondamentales de la physique figurent des paramètres numériques figés appelés « constantes universelles ». Ces grandeurs, déterminées expérimentalement et supposées ne pas varier ni dans le temps ni dans l’espace, restent l’un des plus grands mystères des sciences. Nos connaissances actuelles ne nous permettent ni de comprendre leur origine ni de les déterminer de manière théorique. Dans cet ouvrage, l’auteur s'intéresse principalement à ces éléments. Sa démarche vise à construire un cadre théorique qui pourrait expliquer la source de ces constantes dans nos lois de la physique et à proposer une méthode qui permettrait non seulement de toutes les prévoir mais également de les définir. Pour ce faire, l'auteur commence par introduire les hypothèses sur lesquelles il se fonde pour modéliser sa théorie. Puis dans une première partie, il exprime les constantes universelles, les unités de Planck et les grandeurs thermodynamiques de l’Univers en fonction des variables caractéristiques de celui-ci, telles que sa masse et son rayon. Dans une deuxième partie, il démontre la constance des unités de Planck ainsi que celle des constantes universelles et, pour finir, il propose un cadre théorique général pour les déterminer.

In the fundamental laws of physics there are fixed numerical parameters called "universal constants". These quantities, determined experimentally and assumed to vary neither in time nor in space, remain one of the greatest mysteries of science. Our current knowledge does not allow us to understand their origin or to determine them theoretically. In this work, the author is mainly interested in these elements. His approach aims to build a theoretical framework that could explain the source of these constants in our laws of physics and to propose a method that would not only allow them to be predicted but also defined. To do this, the author begins by introducing the assumptions on which he bases himself to model his theory. Then in a first part, it expresses the universal constants, the Planck units and the thermodynamic quantities of the Universe according to the characteristic variables of this one, such as its mass and its radius. In a second part, he demonstrates the constancy of the Planck units as well as that of the universal constants and, finally, he proposes a general theoretical framework to determine them.
Category: Astrophysics

Calculation of Pulsar Microstructure Using Quantum Gravity Theory with Ultimate Acceleration

Authors: Huaiyang Cui
Comments: 19 Pages.

In analogy with the ultimate speed c, there is an ultimate acceleration β, nobody's acceleration can exceed this limit β, in the solar system, β=2.961520e+10(m/s2). Because this ultimate acceleration is large, any effect related to β will become easy to test, including quantum gravity tests. In this paper, an approach is put forward to connect the ultimate acceleration with quantum theory, as an application, the sunspot cycle is calculated to be 10.38 years due to the ultimate acceleration. The same approach is applied to pulsar microstructure problems. The microstructures of pulsar PSR J0437-4715 at 436Mhz and PSR B0950+08 at 430Mhz are investigated, the calculation results agree well with the observations. Under non-relativistic condition, the pulsar with 100 times solar mass has a period of 2.09s; the pulsar with 10 solar times mass has a period of 0.2s; the pulsar with solar mass has a period of 20ms; the pulsar with a tenth solar mass has a period of 2ms.
Category: Astrophysics

Towards the Explanation of Galaxies Totation Curves

Authors: S. A. Larin
Comments: 6 Pages.

We suggest a new explanation of flatness of galaxies rotation curves without invoking dark matter. For this purpose a new gravitational tensor field is introduced in addition to the metric tensor.
Category: Astrophysics

Does Dark Matter Exist?

Authors: Arieh Sher
Comments: 3 Pages.

Dark matter (DM) is a hypothesis suggested by scientists to explain the flattened velocities curves of stars in galaxies. The observed velocities of stars in galaxies are not in accord with Kepler’s law. The hypothesis of dark matter solves mathematically the observations. However, a near-century search for DM has not produced any results. My claim is that there is DM except that an observer located in the visible universe cannot observe it. The DM is concentrated at the center of the matter universe as a massive spinning neutron star. From the general relativity (GR) point of view, this neutron star is a black hole. Therefore, an observer can't observe the neutron star as it is located inside the event horizon of the black hole.
Category: Astrophysics