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| viXra.org > Relativity and Cosmology > 2607 |
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[11] viXra:2607.0049 [pdf] submitted on 2026-07-11 23:18:49
Authors: Warren D. Smith
Comments: 18 Pages. Paper on internet since 2000, now uplaoded to VIXRA for archival purposes.
This is the first of a 3-part series of papers on "the shape of the universe." Inspired by P.A.M.Dirac's discovery that the existence of even one "magnetic monopole" would logically force electric charge to be quantized (explaining why all electrons have the same charge, protons the exactly-opposite charge, etc), I show that a tiny magnetic field "trapped in the topology of the universe" also would logically force that. Which universes does this idea work in? We show it works for every compact 3-manifold topology for the universe except two. We then re-examine monopoles, showing their existence would cause a lot of nasty problems, and none have ever been detected.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[10] viXra:2607.0048 [pdf] submitted on 2026-07-11 03:07:44
Authors: Warren D. Smith
Comments: 10 Pages. Paper on internet since 2003, now uplaoded to VIXRA for archival purposes.
This is the second of a 3-part series of papers on "the shape of the universe." Bright objects such as quasars are observed to be uniformly distributed on the sky-sphere. We prove a theorem that if this is true for almost every observer-location (i.e. the location of the Earth is not special in this respect) then the universe must be a "harmonic manifold." We also argue that the universe must be an orientable 3-manifold not containing any closed geodesic whose traversal causes "twist." We also discuss incompletely-convincing evidence that the universe contains a nonzero finite number of short closed geodesics passing through the Earth. If that is genuine, we prove our assumptions winnow down the possible topologies for the universe to only 3 possibilities: "flat 3-torus" and its degenerate versions with some paralelipiped sidelengths infinite.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[9] viXra:2607.0046 [pdf] submitted on 2026-07-11 23:16:01
Authors: Warren D. Smith
Comments: 31 Pages. Paper on internet since 2004, now uploaded to VIXRA for archival purposes.
This is the last of a 3-part series of papers on "the shape of the universe" and includes summary of the prior two. At the end is a chart allowing you to choose your favorite set of assumptions (from among those we consider) whereupon it tells you the conclusions deducible from those assumptions about the topology of the universe. This and the prior papers also includeddiscussion of "reasons the universe is 3-dimensional." As far as I know my analyses of these matters go considerably beyond all others; but quite possibly if "real topologists" got involved then considerably more could be said.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[8] viXra:2607.0045 [pdf] submitted on 2026-07-11 06:03:59
Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 4 Pages.
For a closed system, the conservation of energy and momentum has been affirmed through a vast array of experiments. In an attempt to reconcile the General Theory of Relativity with these findings, Einstein constructed, ad hoc, his so-called pseudotensor [A. Einstein, Ann. Phys. 49, 769 (1916)]. Yet this solution fell outside the tensorial mathematical structure of his theory. Landau and Lifshitz also constructed, ad hoc, an even more complex pseudotensor, as a proposed improvement upon the work of Einstein [The Classical Theory of Fields (Addison-Wesley Press, Inc., Cambridge, MA, 1951)]. Their pseudotensor is symmetric, unlike that proposed by Einstein. They advance that their pseudotensor yields a conservation law which also included angular momentum. However, once again, this approach leads to a mathematical construct which is not a tensor and thereby falls outside the very mathematical structure of Einstein’s theory. Both pseudotensors, whether that advanced by Einstein or by Landau and Lifshitz, violate the rules of pure mathematics and therefore can hold no place in physics.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[7] viXra:2607.0040 [pdf] submitted on 2026-07-11 13:19:14
Authors: Renato Vieira dos Santos
Comments: 15 Pages. Published in PRD: https://doi.org/10.1103/frfk-vp26
We introduce and define the phenomenological parameter $kappa$, defined by $Delta a/g = kappa , Delta(q/m)$, to quantify potential linear coupling between electric charge and gravitational acceleration. A synthesis of existing precision equivalence principle experiments yields the first quantitative estimate of the effective sensitivity to this coupling: $|kappa| < 2.1 times 10^{-4}~si{kilogrampercoulomb}$ at 95% confidence level. This constraint is approximately 11 orders of magnitude less stringent than corresponding bounds on composition-dependent violations, revealing that the electromagnetic axis remains a largely underexplored frontier in empirical gravity. We connect $kappa$ to established frameworks---the Standard-Model Extension and the $THepsilonmu$ formalism---showing that it occupies a region of parameter space untouched by existing high-precision tests. An effective field theory analysis shows that dimension-six operators that couple curvature directly to the electromagnetic field strength are suppressed by the minuscule terrestrial spacetime curvature ($G_N ho_oplus sim 10^{-55}~text{GeV}^2$) and are therefore phenomenologically irrelevant. Consequently, a future measurement of $kappa$ at an accessible level would not probe minimal geometric couplings but would signal physics beyond minimal gravitational EFT, such as mediation by light scalar fields as in Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton theory. We examine the Schiff-Barnhill effect, the primary systematic background for any such measurement, and show how it can be separated from a genuine signal. We outline the necessary experimental strategy, focused on maximizing charge-to-mass ratio differences, to transform this overlooked axis into a targeted probe for new physics.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[6] viXra:2607.0037 [pdf] submitted on 2026-07-11 13:55:19
Authors: Renato Vieira dos Santos
Comments: 11 Pages.
The weak equivalence principle (WEP) has been tested with extraordinary precision over the past decades, but invariably with electrically neutral bodies. This leaves a fundamental blind spot: does gravity feel electric charge? A recent phenomenological analysis introduced a parameter $kappaphen$ to quantify this unexplored sector, but lacked a consistent field-theoretic origin. In this work we show that the simplest mechanism is kinetic mixing between the standard photon and a new massless vector field $X_mu$ that mediates a long-range fifth force coupled to the ordinary mass current. The single gauge-invariant dimension-four operator $frac{xi}{2}F_{muu}X^{muu}$ preserves causality and unitarity. By adopting the action in which both fields couple to their respective currents with the same sign convention, the two-body potential is fully symmetric and exactly satisfies Newton's third law, rendering the model free of any mathematical pathology.The fifth force between equal masses is repulsive, a known property of vector-mediated interactions, but its contribution to the neutral gravitational acceleration is absorbed into the measured Newtonian constant.For a static, spherically symmetric source, the mixing induces an electric field proportional to the Newtonian gravitational field, leading to a charge-dependent acceleration from which we identify $kappaphen = -ximu_0,G_X/G_N$, where $G_X$ is the fifth-force coupling strength.The symmetric cross term $propto q_1m_2+q_2m_1$ in the two-body potential gives rise to dipole radiation from compact binaries, providing a direct link to pulsar-timing constraints.We derive explicit constraints from the Cassini bound on the PPN parameter $gamma$, from lunar laser ranging on $alpha_1$, and from the Hulse--Taylor pulsar, showing that the model is compatible with all existing data while providing a clear roadmap for future experimental tests.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[5] viXra:2607.0036 [pdf] submitted on 2026-07-11 14:11:15
Authors: Renato Vieira dos Santos
Comments: 9 Pages.
We propose a novel gravitational theory inspired by Rastall's idea of non-conserved energy-momentum, but formulated through a consistent variational principle. After developing a Lagrangian density that naturally incorporates matter-geometry coupling, we study cosmological consequences and fit parameters using recent Hubble function $H(z)$ data. According to model selection criteria (AICc and BIC), we obtain competitive models relative to $Lambda CDM.$ In our framework, the cosmological constant emerges from energy exchange between spacetime geometry and matter content, providing an alternative to vacuum energy interpretations. Our formulation provides a self-consistent variational foundation for non-conservative gravity, offering a potential resolution to the cosmological constant problem through dynamical energy exchange rather than vacuum energy.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[4] viXra:2607.0024 [pdf] submitted on 2026-07-08 20:52:58
Authors: Fernando Loup
Comments: 26 Pages.
In 1994 Alcubierre developed the first warp drive work using the original 3+1 ADM-MTW formalism.Seven years later in 2001 the same original 3+1 ADM-MTW formalism appeared in the first part of the second warp drive work developed by Natario. But in 1997 the concept of the Relativistic Geometrical Horizon RGH was introduced by Hiscock in his work about the Alcubierre warp drive. According to Hiscock if the time component of a given spacetimemetric tensor becomes null g_(00)=0 a Horizon similar to the Event Horizon of the Schwarzschild black hole appears. The Alcubierre warp drive suffers from this pathology because in a given point of the Alcubierre warped regionthe g_(00)=0 appears generating the Alcubierre Horizon equivalent to the Event Horizon of the Schwarzschild black hole.The Natario warp drive was formulated in polar coordinates in a2+1 spacetime.A dimensional reduction of the Natario warp drive from a 2+1 to a 1+1 spacetimes in a given point of the Natariowarped region the g_(00)=0 appears generating the Natario Horizon in a 1+1 spacetime.But in the original Natario warp drive in polar coordinates in a 2+1 spacetime the g_(00)=0 never appears.Due to the presence of a second spatial dimension the g_(00)=0 can be avoided.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[3] viXra:2607.0019 [pdf] submitted on 2026-07-07 14:14:14
Authors: Renato Vieira dos Santos
Comments: 12 Pages.
We construct a nonlinear extension of Fermi's electrodynamics by incorporating a Born--Infeld structure that depends directly on the four-potential $A_mu$ rather than on the field strength $F_{muu}$. The resulting theory, which we call Fermi--Born--Infeld (FBI) electrodynamics, eliminates the $U(1)$ gauge redundancy by elevating the Lorenz gauge to a dynamical condition. The Lagrangian is built from the determinant of a metric-like tensor $g_{muu} = eta_{muu} + 2kappa, partial_{(mu} A_{u)}$, ensuring that the canonical energy--momentum tensor and the spin density remain unique and free of gauge ambiguities. We derive the field equations, which reduce to $partial_u(sqrt{-g}, g^{muu}) = 0$, and show that the Lorenz condition $partial_mu A^mu = 0$ emerges dynamically from retarded boundary conditions and the requirement of a positive-energy spectrum. The nonlinearities modify the propagation of longitudinal modes; we argue, via a Vainshtein-like mechanism, that the nonlinear self-interactions may stabilize the longitudinal mode, opening the possibility of a stable massive scalar photon under extreme field conditions. We also compute the spin density from the Noether current and discuss its properties. The FBI theory preserves the physical gauge of Fermi's original formulation while incorporating the regularization features of Born--Infeld electrodynamics, making it a candidate for describing electromagnetic phenomena in strong-field regimes.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[2] viXra:2607.0015 [pdf] submitted on 2026-07-06 08:58:27
Authors: Rudi Van Nieuwenhove
Comments: 10 Pages.
Vacuum Localised Structures (VLS) have recently been proposed as self-gravitating solutions of the Einstein field equations. Such structures have been investigated in connection with galactic dark matter distributions, filamentary gravitational configurations, and black-hole-like vacuum solutions without baryonic matter sources. Although the corresponding solutions are mathematically consistent within General Relativity, the physical interpretation of the underlying stress-energy tensor remained unclear.In the present work, a microscopic interpretation of VLS structures is explored using a dynamical network framework. Space is interpreted as an emergent structure arising from an underlying discrete connectivity network, in which effective metric properties are associated with local link configurations and shortest-path relations. Curvature is interpreted as a spatial variation of effective network connectivity.Within this framework, a VLS is described as a self-sustained coherent network configuration maintained by local reconnection dynamics. This surface-dominated dynamical behaviour naturally leads to the effective equation of state in which the radial pressure equals minus one-third of the energy density, thereby providing a possible microscopic interpretation of the peculiar stress-energy properties associated with VLS solutions.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[1] viXra:2607.0001 [pdf] submitted on 2026-07-01 21:10:40
Authors: Alata Elatawneh
Comments: 26 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org) Repository URL: https://github.com/Elatawneh/UCK-Cosmology-Framework.git
We present a predictive, geometrically constrained cosmological architecture, designated the Unified Cosmic Kinematic (UCK) framework, derived from the foundational postulate that cosmic time is macroscopically identical to relational metric spatial expansion. The invariant comoving time derivative of this identity demonstrates that the unperturbed background expansion parameter is the analytical inverse of the cosmic epoch, yielding a global background baseline constant of 70.85 km/ s/ Mpc when anchored to the empirically observed cosmic age of 13.8 Gyr. Although the baseline expansion model is geometrically deterministic, mapping observational signatures requires accounting for the interaction of matter and radiation within the spatial manifold via an effective field theory approach. This framework introduces four native tracking parameters calculated from first principles via the optimization of unbinned data streams, independent of external fluid-driven dark sector parameters. The statistical viability of this architecture is evaluated against five high-precision, unbinned astronomical data pipelines spanning late-universe standard candles, local velocity anomalies, localized mass-deflection geometries, the cosmic microwave background, and deep spectroscopic horizons. Our optimization routines address the persistent Hubble tension by demonstrating that regional gravitational density induces a localized clock-drag fraction that elevates the apparent local expansion rate via gravitational time dilation. This exact localized clock-drag metric reconciles weak-field gravitational limits, precisely mapping the mass-deflection profiles of strong gravitational lensing systems under pure baryonic constraints without invoking dark matter halos. Finally, coupling this expansion history to the primordial plasma sound horizon maps the early acoustic peaks with high statistical fidelity. The resulting high-redshift temporal elongation extends the available structural development timeline, thereby addressing the early mature galaxy chronological discrepancy across all targeted spectroscopic horizons.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
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