Relativity and Cosmology

Relative Universe, a Special Theory of Gravitation

Authors: Teguh Waluyo
Comments: 21 Pages.

Gravitation is the relative density of space-time caused by the mass of an object. There are three aspects of gravitation. First, it is related to an object. Gravitation can cause changes in the velocity of an object. Second, it is related to a photon, gravitation can change the frequency of a photon. Third, it is related to differences in the result of observation. Different observers of the same object can yield different results. Gravitation causes differences in the period of an event, differences in the length of an object, and differences in the mass or energy of an object.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Dark Energy and Dark Matter from Rute as Different Manifestations of Vacuum Energy

Authors: Kabir A. Umar
Comments: 18 Pages.

Dark energy and dark matter are described as different manifestations of vacuum energy within Rute’s framework of dimensional symmetry and gravity. In this framework, the bare vacuum energy component exists in a gravitationally inert state where actual gravitational constant Go= 0G, while real particles oscillates between this inert state and the active state where Go = 2G. The background effect of neutrino substrates in the inert state makes Go > 0G in such state, causing the gravitation of virtual particles with positive pressure appearing as hot and cold dark matter. A non zero component of vacuum energy from the inert state also spills into the gravitationally active state as a cosmological constant form of dark energy. This is due to an energy density constraint and speed limit asymmetry between the two gravitational states that limits the capacity of the inert state to contain all the vacuum energy component. This form of dark energy and dark matter, are parameterized by a common asymmetry parameter Γ which is suppressed in deep gravitational potential wells. The dynamics of this form of dark matter however, is complicated by the flavour and energy dependent parameters of its neutrino substrate resulting in the existence of heavy and light dark matter categories. Rute predicts a curvature supressed Gravitational Wave Reheating (GWR) mechanism in which gravitational waves produce electromagnetic secondaries in the presence of negative pressure such as that from strong magnetic fields and even dark energy. This mechanism may explain Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) and some other mystery radio signals. Two space based experiments to test GWR and to detect heavy dark matter are briefly discussed.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

The Great Melt Instead of the Big Bang

Authors: V. E. Yumashev
Comments: 4 Pages.

There are many hypotheses explaining the origin of our universe [1]. Such big number of hypotheses suggests that no one of them is reliable. The Big Bang hypothesis is generally accepted. But there are many ambiguities in this hypothesis. Recent observational data cast doubt on some of its provisions. The article considers another hypothesis of the origin of our universe under the influence of the chronofield.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

The Particle Horizon as a Light Cone in the Standard Model of Cosmology (Lambda-CDM Model)

Authors: Werner Lange
Comments: 10 pages. In German.

It is shown that a particle horizon, related to a reference time tmin (e.g. the time of emission of the cosmic microwave background CMB radiation) can be understood as a future partial light cone of a light cone whose past partial light cone has an apex tmin. The statement is supported by drawings for different light cone apexes and different particle horizon reference times.Compared to the version of 22 May 2023, the version presented here contains some clarifications for forward light cones generated at time tmin that do not have a cosmological-historical backward light cone.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

The Fundamental Choice in Physics Between a Non-Linear and Non-Divergence Free "Stress-Energy Tensor" and the Linear Divergence-Free "Stress-Energy Tensor" in the 4-Dimensional Minkowski Space

Authors: Wim Vegt
Comments: 61 Pages.

When Isaac Newton published his 3 famous equations which became the foundation of Classical Dynamics, he was not aware that he was building the first elemental blocks for the Stress-Energy Tensor in the 4-dimensional Minkowski Space.When James Clerk Maxwell published his 4 famous equations which became the foundation for Classical Electrodynamics, he was not aware that he was building new blocks for the Stress-Energy Tensor in the 4-dimensional Minkowski Space.When Paul Dirac published his famous equation which became the foundation of Relativistic Quantum Physics, he was not aware that he was building further on blocks for the Stress-Energy Tensor in the 4-dimensional Minkowski Space.It was Albert Einstein who was one of the first physicists who discovered the importance of the Stress-Energy Tensor to describe in a mathematical way the interaction between Electromagnetic Radiation and a Gravitational Field.But because there was no match, Einstein deformed the Divergence-Free Linear "Stress-Energy Tensor" by deforming Space and Time. He deformed this Tensor in such a way that he found a very special Mathematics to describe the interaction between Electromagnetic Radiation (Light) and a Gravitational Field. The Theory of General Relativity. And that became a problem. Because Einstein deformed the fundamental building block in physics, the Divergence-Free Linear "Stress-Energy Tensor", nothing fits anymore. Classical Mechanics has no match with Classical Electrodynamics. Classical Electrodynamics has no match with Relativistic Quantum Physics. Relativistic Quantum Physics has no match with General Relativity.This new theory starts with the Divergence-Free Linear "Stress-Energy Tensor" in the 4-dimensional Minkowski Space. And from this unique Divergence-Free "Stress-Energy Tensor" follows Classical Mechanics, Classical Electrodynamics, Relativistic Quantum Physics and General Relativity. Bringing back the necessary unity in physics.Theories which unify Quantum Physics and General Relativity, like "String Theory", predict the non-constancy of natural constants. Accurate observations of the NASA Messenger [11] observe in time a value for the gravitational constant "G" which constrains until ( /G to be < 4u2009×u200910-14 per year) . One of the characteristics of the New Theory is the "Constant Value" in time for the Gravitational Constant "G". A second experiment to test the New Theory is the effect of "Gravitational RedShift" [2].The "Gravitational RedShift" between an observatory on Earth (Radius = 6 106 [m]) and a Satellite in a Galileo Orbit (Radius = 23222 103 [m]) according "General Relativity": The "Gravitational RedShift" between an observatory on Earth (Radius = 6 106 [m]) and a Satellite in a Galileo Orbit (Radius = 23222 103 [m]) according "The Proposed Theory":
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Is it Possible to Arbitrarily Slow Down Time in a Limited Volume With an Energy-Impulse Tensor Whose Components Can be Reduced Arbitrarily? Part I:Introduction

Authors: Gianluca Perniciano
Comments: 8 Pages.

A solution is presented that describes a region of space, box or warp bubble, where time gets slowed down by an arbitrary factor, while reducing the components of the energy-impulse tensor by any chosen amount
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Frames of Reference

Authors: Clark M. Thomas
Comments: 7 Pages.

A frame of reference can be defined as a system ofgeometric axes in relation to which measurementsof size, position, or motion can be made. It is alsodefined as a set of criteria or stated values inrelation to which measurements or judgments canbe made, typically a cultural or religious referenceframe. Common usage can blend and confuse bothtypes of reference frames when cultural definitionsinfluence how the first definition is perceived.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

The Twins Paradox and Quantized Space-Time

Authors: Eran Sinbar
Comments: 4 Pages.

Albert Einstein’s twin paradox cannot be visualized through our standard four-dimensional (4D) space time structure and there is a need for a fundamental change in our space-time structure in order to truly overcome the paradox. This change will be an important step towards a unification theory, between general relativity and quantum mechanics.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Momentum and Negative Energy of Radiation as an Explanation for Dark Energy According to Inverse Relativity

Authors: Michael Girgis
Comments: 19 Pages.

When taking into consideration the particle nature of the light emitted from the surfaces of stars instead of the wave nature in the relativistic Doppler effect, we find that the distribution of the momentum of the photons on the surface of the star in the direction of motion is not symmetrical with the opposite direction, but decreases by the amount of negative space momentum according to the inverse relativity model, Which makes us have a difference in the radiation impulse forces (action forces) and radiation pressure (reaction forces) on the surfaces of stars, this difference or the resultant force leads to pushing the star or galaxy with increasing acceleration, The characteristics of the negative radiation of stars and galaxies are consistent with the properties of dark energy, as it has momentum and produces impulse forces and radiation pressure on the surfaces of stars or galaxies, It works on the motion of galaxies according to the Hubble-Lematter law, It represents a source of energy lost in the redshift
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

The Twin Fallacy

Authors: A. J. Owen
Comments: 14 Pages.

In this paper it is proposed that the clock or age difference predicted in the well known twin paradox thought experiment of special relativity is not a real effect, but only arises because proper clock rate changes when a real clock is transported to a state of higher kinetic energy have not been considered. The kinematic time dilation of SR is cancelled exactly by an increase in proper clock rate that arises due to an increase in optical electron transition frequency when taking into account the relativistic mass increase of a moving atomic clock.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Direct Product of Sporadic Groups as a Symmetry Group of the Observable Universe at Maximum Expansion

Authors: Tomáš Ajdari
Comments: 6 Pages.

The direct product of sporadic simple groups is a rather large group of the approximate order of2.32×10^365, describing an object of d = 93.75 billion ly and mass of 9.63 × 10^53 kg, composedout of 6.15 × 10^121 3D knots - particles. This is the same mass as two classical electrons atPlanck density minus the mass of all baryonic matter inside a local (late time) Hubble volume. TheCompton wavelength of all baryonic matter inside the observable universe at maximum expansionis directly related to the order of this group. Two values of the Hubble constant - 73 and 65.5 km/sper megaparsec (Hubble tension) are recovered. Proton/electron mass ratio is recovered assumingprecise baryonic matter/total matter ratio of 1/2π, which is inside contemporary estimates. Thisgroup is implicated as a source of Weyl/Dirac's/Funkhouser's large numbers.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

On Superluminal Non-Baryonic Matter in a 3D-Brane Universe

Authors: Ruslan Sharipov
Comments: 7 Pages.

In Einstein’s relativity the speed of light is the topmost speed of matter. It can be reached by massless particles like photons and gravitons. The 3D-brane universe model is an alternative theory of gravity. Unlike Einstein’s relativity, it is not so restrictive. In the present paper we build the theory of massive matter particles that can be superluminal in a curved 3D-brane universe.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

An Alternative Cosmological Model with Predictions Similar to Today’s ΛCDM Model

Authors: Stéphane Wojnow
Comments: 14 Pages. 1 figure

The theory of quantum mechanics and the theory of general relativity are both important with respect to the initial conditions of the universe and its evolution. In this paper we consider the question of how these theories might interrelate through a simple and didactic cosmological alternative model based on the Hubble time, Planck mass flow rate, and a variable coefficient . In doing so, we derive the parameters obtained by the Planck 2018 results using the Planck mass flow rate and Hubble time. By introducing a double universe theory (matter and antimatter universes arising from an initial instanton (i.e., half Planck mass) state, we sketch out a general framework for unifying, in the cosmology, general relativity with quantum field theory.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Equivalency's Fallacy

Authors: Ken Gonder
Comments: 46 Pages. 8 Diagrams

Einstein asserts a "principle of equivalence" from his inference that inertial mass is no different from gravitational mass. This has him concluding that acceleration/braking and rotation actually create gravity that's the same as natural, mass-created gravity. But just a cursory comparison quickly reveals they're not even close to being similar, let alone equivalent. Equivalency's explicit fallacy is not insignificant. It poses a serious challenge to relativity and the big bang, threatening to invalidate both in their entirety.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

The Frame Mechanics: an Euclidean Representation of the Special Relativity

Authors: Arcady Bordione
Comments: 32 pages / French CC-BY-NC

This document proposes another representation of the well-known effects of Einstein's special relativity. This is not a new theory but an alternative to four vectors in Minkowski spacetime, using Euclidean geometry that shows all the effects of special relativity in 2 or 3 dimensional diagrams. The mathematics used will voluntarily remain as simple as possible for the sake of accessibility.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Mercury Perihelion Precession with Special Relativity of Fields

Authors: Enrique Domínguez Pinos
Comments: 32 Pages. In Spanish

A reinterpretation of special relativity is exposed and mercury's perihelion precession is explained with it. This test completed this series of experiments named 'classic tests' of general relativity, now addresed in special relativity of fields.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

De Sitter’s Experiment Scrutinized

Authors: Sjaak Uitterdijk
Comments: 2 Pages.

De Sitter's theory, on which his experiment is based, has been scrutinized. His paper was aimed to prove the invalidity of Ritz's theory, but he failed due to a wrong interpretation of his crucial parameter α.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Ether and Experiment

Authors: Nikitin Alexander Pavlovich
Comments: 7 Pages.

В статьях Никитина А.П. [3-10] в рамках новой научной парадигмы, при постулировании первичности движения материи, высказана гипотеза сферического стока-истока материи-энергии (эфира) мощностью N=4Hc2/G=h/tp [3] к всем материальным телам в процессе материально-энергетической индукции как способа движения и «существования» материи. Для проверки данной гипотезы возможен эксперимент по измерению с помощью вертикально расположенных интерферометров [11-14] влияния Луны и Солнца на разность энергетических потенциалов на Земле, о котором изложено в данной статье.

In the articles of Nikitin A.P. [3-10] in the framework of the new scientific paradigm, while postulating the primacy of the motion of matter, the hypothesis of a spherical drain-source of matter-energy (ether) with a capacity of N=4Hc2/G=h/tp [3] to all material bodies in the process of material energy induction as a way of motion and "existence" of matter.To test this hypothesis, an experiment is possible to measure the influence of the Moon and the Sun on the difference in energy potentials on the Earth using vertically located interferometers [11-14], which is described in this article.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology