Relativity and Cosmology

Decisive Role of Dark Matter in Cosmology

Authors: Vladimir S. Netchitailo
Comments: 21 Pages.

Hypersphere World-Universe Model (WUM) is, in fact, a Paradigm Shift in Cosmology [1]. WUM is the alternative to the prevailing Big Bang Model (BBM). WUM and BBM are principally different Models: 1) Instead of the Initial Singularity with the infinite energy density and the extremely rapid expansion of the space (Inflation) in BBM, in WUM, there was a Fluctuation (4D Nucleus of the World with an extrapolated radius equals to a basic unit of size a ) in the Eternal Universe with a finite extrapolated energy density (four orders of magnitude less than the nuclear density) and a finite expansion of the Nucleus in Its fourth spatial dimension with speed c that is the gravitodynamic constant. 2) Instead of the Infinite Homogeneous and Isotropic Universe around the Initial Singularity in BBM, in WUM, the 3D Finite Boundless World (the Hypersphere of the 4D Nucleus) presents a Patchwork Quilt of different Luminous Superclusters ( ≳10^3), which emerged in different places of the World at different Cosmological times. The Medium of the World is Homogeneous and Isotropic. The distribution of Macroobjects in the World is spatially Inhomogeneous and Anisotropic and temporally Non-simultaneous. The Absolute Age of the entire World (determined by the parameters of the Medium) is 14.22 Gyr.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Constancy of the Speed of Light Relative to All Observers

Authors: Henok Tadesse
Comments: 14 Pages.

The constancy of the speed of light is one of the greatest mysteries of the universe. All experimental and logical evidences point to the constancy of the speed of light. However, the precise formulation of this theory is still lacking, for more than a century. In this paper, I will present a new alternative interpretation. It is shown that constancy of the speed of light and absolute motion can co-exist in the universe.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Is the Photon's Superluminal Motion Possible?

Authors: John Deligiannis
Comments: 10 Pages.

In this article the concept of ''tachy-photons'' is introduced. The tachy-photons are photons emitted by an accelerating light source. The tachy-photons can travel faster than the speed of light, but their average speed is equal to the speed of light. Using the trajectories of tachy-photons, the apparent motion of an accelerating light source is calculated. This apparent motion of the light source is dramatically different from its actual motion.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Reinterpreting Relativity: Using the Equivalence Principle to Explain Away Cosmological Anomalies

Authors: Dr Marcus Arvan
Comments: 102 Pages.

According to the standard interpretation of Einstein’s field equations, gravity consists of mass-energy curving spacetime, and an additional physical force or entity—denoted by Λ (the ‘cosmological constant’)—is responsible for the Universe’s metric-expansion. Although General Relativity’s direct predictions have been systematically confirmed, the dominant cosmological model thought to follow from it—the ΛCDM (Lambda cold dark matter) model of the Universe’s history and composition—faces considerable challenges, including various observational anomalies and experimental failures to detect dark matter, dark energy, or inflation-field candidates. This paper shows that Einstein’s Equivalence Principle entails two possible physical interpretations of General Relativity’s field equations. Although the field equations facially appear to support the standard interpretation—that gravity consists of mass-energy curving spacetime—the field equations can be equivalently understood as holding that gravitational effects instead result from mass-energy logarithmically accelerating the metric-expansion of a second-order Euclidean spacetime fabric superimposed upon an absolute, first-order Euclidean space, resulting in the observational appearance of spacetime curvature. This alternative interpretation of relativity is shown to be empirically equivalent to the standard interpretation of relativity, albeit with a changing value for Λ over time (which is similar to how Λ is understood in the conception of Λ as ‘quintessence’, but in this case takes Λ to be gravity). The reconceptualization is then shown to potentially resolve every major observational anomaly for the ΛCDM model, including recent observations conflicting with ΛCDM predictions, as well as failures to directly detect dark matter, dark energy, and inflation field/particle candidates.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

New Gravity Field Equation is Derived by Einstein Field Equation in General Relativity Theory

Authors: Sangwha Yi
Comments: 3 Pages.

We found the 4-order curvature term satisfied the co variant derivative Einstein gravity field equation is consist of 2 order curvature term s Hence, the 4 order curvature term and 2-order curvature terms make new gravity field equation. In this point , Einstein's gravity field equation can be modified by new 4- order curvature term because gravity field equations term doesn't have to be 2-order term . Indeed , Einstein himself was like that, 0-order term the cosmological term . Therefore , our theory is based on legitimate facts.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Entropy Generation from Scale-Dependant Photon Absorption in an Isotropic Universe

Authors: C. A. Laforet
Comments: 14 Pages.

We consider a box of gas filled with different groups of matter that absorb photons primarily in different and mostly distinct frequency ranges. As a group that absorbs primarily high frequency photons emits blackbody radiation, some photons with frequencies too low to be reabsorbed efficiently by that group are readily absorbed by a group that favours such low frequency photons. This causes the high frequency group to cool and the low frequency group to heat up and the high frequency group to cool down as energy is transferred between the groups. If an infinite ladder of such groups exists in an infinite box, then this process would cycle eternally with each group periodically cooling and reheating as a given group sheds low frequency photons to lower groups while cooling and higher energy groups dump photons into it, causing it to reheat. A cosmology for this scenario is then explored and compared quantitatively to measured data.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

On R.T. Cahill’s Re-analysis of the Michelson-Morley Experiment

Authors: Henok Tadesse
Comments: 7 Pages.

R.T. Cahill has been advancing a new approach to the analysis of the Michelson-Morley experiment. He proposed that length contraction completely cancels the effect of absolute motion only in vacuum (n=1).He has proposed a re-analysis of the experiment by taking into account the refractive index of the medium (air), thereby explaining the origin of the small fringe shifts observed in the Michelson-Morley and the Miller experiments. In this paper we present two cases against Cahill’s theory. 1. He may have overestimated the velocity predicted by his own theory by a factor of about 1.4. 2. His theory cannot explain the ‘null’ result of the Kennedy-Thorndike experiment, even in vacuum.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Quantum and Relativistic Viewpoints on the Origin of the Universe and Its Evolution.

Authors: Stéphane Wojnow
Comments: 6 Pages.

We examine a quantum point of view about the origin of the universe. We propose a simple approach to cosmology based on the Planck mass flow rate. We try to provide a perspective and simple model on the evolution of the universe from Planck time in accordance with the cosmological standard model.We trying to show that this approach is compatible with the multiverses.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Why a Stressed Universe is the Correct Model of Our Universe

Authors: Roger Favreau
Comments: 3 Pages. Contact: rogerfavreau@earthlink.net

Originally most people simply imagined that the universe was a steady state system. Then Hubble discovered experimentally that it is expanding. The Big Bang has become the favoured explanation for this expansion. Dark matter seems to augment gravity to hold galaxies together. More recently, dark energy has been suggested as the driving force for the acceleration of the expansion. However, dark matter and dark energy remain elusive. A better model of the universe is needed to explain all the large-scale characteristics of the universe. That model is a Stressed Universe.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

The Stressed Universe Model Can Explain the Discrepancies in the Measured Values of Hubble`s H

Authors: Roger Favreau
Comments: 5 Pages. Contact: rogerfavreau@earthlink.net

Hubble demonstrated that the universe expands with velocity V= H D which increases with distance D between the Earth and a galaxy, where H has been known as the Hubble constant. Cosmological researchers measured the value of H via observations of light coming from phenomena at various distances, the accuracy of such measurements being limited. A recent reference reports accurate measurements from astronomical data close to the edge of the universe, and finds that H is not a constant. Indeed, its value varies with time in a manner that is compatible with the predictions of a proposed stressed universe model, according to which H is not a constant at all, but rather it varies with time/distance, and should be called Hubble`s parameter.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

A Stressed Universe Can Make Our Universe Stop Expanding

Authors: Roger Favreau
Comments: 10 Pages. Contact: rogerfavreau@earthlink.net

The critical density ρc required by general relativity to stop the universe expansion is 1x10-26 kg/m3. But the average density of the universe due to the cosmic bodies was evaluated as 3x10-28 kg/m3, which is smaller than ρc. Many scientists had expected that sufficient cosmic body mass would eventually be found to exceed ρc, and thus stop the expansion of the universe. However, sufficient mass, even with dark matter, has not been found. The dominant opinion has become that the universe will expand forever, especially as recent measurements indicate that the expansion is accelerating. This article proposes a universe of compressed stressed dark matter that does not expand forever. Rather, the expansion will stop and contract, and the universe will oscillate forever. This conclusion is based on the universe being a large body of approximate radius Ru, mass Mu, which is comprised mostly of ambient uniform density ρdm of compressive stressed dark matter that has permanently existed since matter became dominant over radiation. This article demonstrates that this stressed dark matter oscillates because all its radial elements oscillate in unison with the same period TSHM = 6.47x10^10 years but variable amplitude R A which increases with R, where A = 0.14x10^26 m. This article shows that the mass associated with the stressed dark matter together with the kinetic energy of the oscillations is such that the bulk of the mass of this stressed universe is this very density ρdm of stressed dark matter itself, and ρdm far exceeds ρc. This article demonstrates that the Hubble formula V = H R is the natural behavior of such a stressed universe, and that the expansion of such a universe presently accelerates but will eventually stop expanding and will begin to oscillate with a period TSHM = 6.47x10^10 years. Thus, this article offers a very new approach to study the universe, an approach which challenges conventional understanding with a totally new stressed model of the universe.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Developed Lorentz-Einstein SRT-K-Factor of Fourth Order as an Amplitude Solution of Damped Planck-Scaled Oscillation Equation

Authors: Holger Döring
Comments: 3 Pages. This paper is a develpement of a prevoius paper [10.]

Shown is the derivation of Lorentz-Einstein k-factor in SRT as analogy of amplitude of an enforced oscillation-differential equation of second order.This case is shown for the developed theorem as a second solution for advanced SRT of fourth order with an equation for planck-scaled, damped oscillation-states.This advanced term allows a calculation for any velocities by real rest mass, which could be negative though.This term is a development of classical Lorentz-term, which derivation from an oscillation-equation was shown in [10.]
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Complete Set of Evidence on the Invalidity of the Special Theory of Relativity

Authors: Gocho V. Sharlanov
Comments: 1 Page. related to the other 6 papers and https://physics.bg

The six manuscripts uploaded below actually represent a complete set of evidence on the invalidity of the special theory of relativity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

One-way Measurement of the Speed of Light – the Factual Analysis

Authors: Gocho V. Sharlanov
Comments: 15 Pages. related to the other 5 papers and https://physics.bg

The article starts with a general introduction to the problem in modern physics about the constancy of the speed of light for all frames of reference. In the “General Introduction”, besides presenting the used terms and definitions, the fundament of a real solution about all “unexpected” and “inexplicable” results of the experiments related to the measurement of the velocity of light in the time-spatial region “on the Earth surface” is given. The presented analysis of the experiments with “One-way measurement of the speed of light” is based on the classical mechanics and Galilean relativity, which are indisputably valid and legitimate in our local time-spatial domain “on the Earth’s surface”. The experiments undoubtedly show that in the frame of reference related to the Earth’s surface, the measured velocity of light in the “East-to-West” direction is higher, and in the direction “West-to-East” it is lower than the speed of the light in vacuum. The difference is equal to the linear velocity of the Earth’s surface at the latitude where the experiment is carried out. Despite the obvious fabricated explanation of the results of the experiments by the supporters of the special theory of relativity (using the inadmissible but convenient implausible clock synchronization convention) - the real conclusion is that these experiments are actually irrefutable proof that the measured speed of light in a local time-spatial region with a uniform intensity of the gravitational field is not the same for all inertial frames of reference. KEY WORDS: special theory of relativity; speed of light postulate; one-way measurement of the speed of light.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Michelson-Gale-Pearson Experiment – the Factual Analysis

Authors: Gocho V. Sharlanov
Comments: 18 Pages. related to the other 5 papers and https://physics.bg

The article starts with a general introduction to the problem in modern physics about the constancy of the speed of light for all frames of reference. In the “General Introduction”, besides presenting the used terms and definitions, the fundament of a real solution about all “unexpected” and “inexplicable” results of the experiments related to the measurement of the velocity of light in the time-spatial region “on the Earth surface” is given. The factual analysis of the “Michelson-Gale-Pearson” experiment shows that the equation that Michelson proves by means of this experiment (which, in the words of Michelson, is “deduced on the hypothesis of a fixed ether”), has actually been deduced on the basis of the classical mechanics and the Galilean relativity, which are indisputably valid and legitimate in our local time-spatial domain “on the Earth’s surface”. The speed of light in vacuum (in relation to the stationary space) depends on the intensity of the gravitational field. The speed of light in vacuum is constant in the time-spatial region “on the Earth’s surface” due to the uniform and constant intensity of the gravitational field in this region, which is determined (dominated) by the mass of the celestial body (the Earth). It is clear, however, that the experiment proves that the measured velocity of light in the frame of reference related to the Earth’s surface is different at different latitudes of the Earth surface and that in the “East-to-West” direction is higher, and in the direction “West-to-East” is lower than the speed of the light in vacuum. The difference is equal to the linear velocity of the Earth’s surface (the speed of motion of a point on the Earth’s surface in the stationary space for the respective latitude) where the northern and southern pipes are located. The question remains - why did not Michelson wish to make this conclusion... Probably because the experiment actually proves that the measured speed of light is not the same for all inertial frames of reference, which is the fundament of the special theory of relativity. That is why, probably, Michelson did not make this conclusion because at this time the special theory of relativity was already accepted as a true theory by contemporary physics and Michelson was awarded as Nobel laureate…. KEY WORDS: special theory of relativity; speed of light postulate; Michelson-Gale-Pearson experiment; speed of light invariance.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Sagnac Experiment – the Factual Analysis

Authors: Gocho V. Sharlanov
Comments: 19 Pages. related to the other 5 papers and https://physics.bg

The article starts with a general introduction to the problem in modern physics about the constancy of the speed of light for all frames of reference. In the “General Introduction”, besides presenting the used terms and definitions, the fundament of a real solution about all “unexpected” and “inexplicable” results of the experiments related to the measurement of the velocity of light in the time-spatial region “on the Earth surface” is given. The “Sagnac experiment” was carried out by the French physicist Georges Sagnac in 1913. The presented analysis is based on the classical mechanics and Galilean relativity, which are indisputably valid and legitimate in our local time-spatial region “on the surface of the Earth”. The experiment demonstrates that in relation to a moving system in the stationary space, the speed of the light differs depending on the speed and on the direction of movement of the system in the stationary space. However, the Sagnac experiment is considered as a paradox, because it demonstrates that the speed of light is not the same for all frames of reference – what is not convenient for modern physics, because the special theory of relativity is created on the basis of the claim that “the speed of light is the same for all frames of reference”. As further evidence of the authenticity of the presented analysis, the derivation of the equation which is often used in the rotation analyses is shown. Finally, we can underline that as early as 1913, the Sagnac experiment actually proved that “the speed of light is not the same in relation to all inertial frames of reference”. This was even before the publishing of the general theory of relativity. Is it not surprising that Einstein never commented on this experiment, although certainly knew about its existence… KEY WORDS: special theory of relativity; speed of light postulate; Sagnac experiment; æther; speed of light invariance.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Michelson-Morley Experiment – the Factual Analysis

Authors: Gocho V. Sharlanov
Comments: 19 Pages. related to the other 5 papers and https://physics.bg

The article starts with a general introduction to the problem in modern physics about the constancy of the speed of light for all frames of reference. In the “General Introduction”, besides presenting the used terms and definitions, the fundament of a real solution about all “unexpected” and “inexplicable” results of the experiments related to the measurement of the velocity of light in the time-spatial region “on the Earth surface” is given. The famous “Michelson-Morley” experiment has been carried out in order to determine the change of the speed of light due to the motion of the Earth in its orbit around the Sun. On the base of the known speed of the Earth (approximately 30 km/s) the Michelson’s expectations had been that the displacement of the interference fringes will be different at night and during the day (when the directions of the “ether wind” caused by the movement of the Earth in its orbit around the Sun are opposite),… and will correspond to the calculations made. However, the result has been unexpected - no displacement was fixed. The problem has two reasons. The first is that the speed of light in vacuum depends on the intensity of the gravitational field. The intensity of the gravitational field near the Earth’s surface is dominated by the mass of the Earth and does not change during the revolution of the Earth around the Sun. Therefore, the speed of the electromagnetic radiation (of the light) in vacuum remains constant during the travel of the Earth through space. The second reason is the inappropriate conceptual design used in the construction of Michelson's interferometer. The difference in the speed of light between the two light beams, traveling in two opposite directions on the same arm, is completely compensated when the “two-way light beam interferometer” is used (see the arguments below). That is why, the existing difference of the speed of light due to the rotation of the Earth around its axis in the direction „East-West” and “West-East” (in the reference system related to the Earth's surface) cannot be established. However, that difference is observed at the experiments “One-way measurement of the speed of light” and the experiment “Michelson-Gale-Pearson”. The final conclusion is that the “Michelson-Morley experiment” is actually the primary root cause for the delusion that “the speed of light is the same for all inertial frames of reference”, which is the core of the special theory of relativity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

“On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies” the Factual Analysis of the Article

Authors: Gocho V. Sharlanov
Comments: 33 Pages. related to the other 5 papers and https://physics.bg

This article reveals the essence of the special theory of relativity. There are no scientific arguments against the evidence presented in this article while it was uploaded for discussion as a preprint on the website of ResearchGate (the social networking site for scientists and researchers). The article starts with a general introduction to the problem in modern physics about the constancy of the speed of light for all frames of reference. In the “General Introduction” is presented the fundament of a real solution about all “unexpected” and “inexplicable” results of the experiments related to the measurement of the velocity of light in the time-spatial region “on the Earth surface”. The presented analysis of the article “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies”, where Einstein presents the special theory of relativity, is based on the classical mechanics and Galilean relativity which are indisputably valid and lawful in our local time-spatial domain “near the Earth's surface”. Before the analysis, the foundations of our perception of the absoluteness of space and time are shown. The presented analysis of the article “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies” shows exactly where and how the erroneous claim that “the speed of light is the same in all inertial reference frames” is applied. Einstein’s conclusion that “We cannot give any absolute meaning to the concept of simultaneous” was revealed to be based solely on this erroneous claim. This claim, however, has been experimentally proven to be false. Only the experiments, that use Michelson’s idea of two-way interferometers cannot fix the difference in the measured speed of light in different directions, because the difference in the speed of the two light beams in the direct and opposite directions is completely and exactly compensated”. The undoubted conclusion is that the special theory of relativity is the biggest delusion in physics of the 20th century. KEY WORDS: special theory of relativity; speed of light postulate; Michelson-Morley experiment; æther; speed of light invariance, On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

On the Fundamental Tests of the Special Theory of Relativity

Authors: Gocho V. Sharlanov
Comments: 15 Pages. related to the other 5 papers and https://physics.bg

The article starts with the existing definition of the “scientific method” as a logical and rational order of steps through which scientists reach conclusions about the world around us. The answer to the question “What is truth and evidence in science?” requires attention to be paid to several important key markings indicated in this regard. The purpose of this article is to reveal the essence of all the “tests of the special theory of relativity” presenting the most common objectionable techniques used in the “fundamental tests” of special relativity, which have been considered within three major types. The first one is based on “logical circular reference”, the second type is based on inadmissible analogy, and the third type are completely contrived (fabricated) tests - here is analyzed as a typical example of the Hafele-Keating experiment As a conclusion, the reader will uncover that the given explanations by the modern physics of the results of all these tests do not meet the requirement: the science to give a real factual explanation about the world. KEY WORDS: fundamental tests; special theory of relativity; speed of light postulate; Michelson-Morley experiment; speed of light invariance.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Subtle Energies, Conscious Intent, and our Expanding Universe

Authors: Jeffrey S. Keen
Comments: Pages 26, Figures 22, Tables 9, Appendices 2

Many publications demonstrate that some scientific experiments can be affected by the act of observation, as well as the mind being affected by local astronomical forces and factors, such as gravity, electromagnetism, spin, and orientation. Subtle Energies of an unknown nature are also associated with these phenomena, and hence are a subject of this research. This paper builds on the counter intuitive findings published in NeuroQuantology Dec 2011 40, which details the ability of the mind to filter out all of the above “local” factors and visualise experiments as if they were being undertaken in intergalactic space without these physical forces. In order to research this phenomenon further, it is necessary to produce quantitative experiments that isolate the above factors which cause significant superimposed perturbations in measurements. This has been achieved by adopting the techniques of scientific Noetics (or mind science), and measuring the actual physical dimensions of simple geometric shapes, and comparing them to the dimensions of the same geometric shapes perceived “mentally” by the body’s senses. The findings strongly suggest that Subtle Energies seem to be inextricably connected to consciousness and intent. This unexpected conclusion is supported by mathematical results obeying power laws that involve universal constants and no arbitrary constants: such as Phi ϕ (The Golden Ratio 1.61083..), and Feigenbaum’s Constant δ (delta 4.6692…) These formulae cannot be random results, especially as their correlation coefficients are > 0.9. The implications are (1) that phi and delta form part of the structure of space-time, and (2) the important quantified discovery that the mind can interface with the fundamentals of space-time, the laws of physics, and objects in the cosmos. In addition, these findings could address and help explain several topics of current academic research into fundamental areas of physics and cosmology that involve: - 1.The act of making a conscious observation may affect the results of quantum physics experiments. 2.Using Noetics for the experiments in this paper – i.e. specializing in the intersection of science and human experience. 3.The structure of the universe and the role of Geometry is a more recent topic of growing academic interest. 4.Further research into Entanglement – not only in the quantum world, but also in the everyday macro world. [Truncated by viXra Admin to < 400 words]
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Consolidating Electromagnetic Waves Might Embed More Traceable Energy Than the Sum of the Traceable Energies Embedded in the Waves Before Consolidation.

Authors: Moshe Segal
Comments: 4 Pages.

The common notion is that Electromagnetic (EM) waves cannot consolidate. Contrary to that, an article [2] published by the author of this article, presented a scenario which argues that EM waves can and do consolidate. Another article [1] published by the author of this article presented one such scenario, in which consolidating EM waves generate an EM Null wave without any electric and magnetic fields, which seems to violate the Energy Conservation Principle. That article [1] resolves this paradox by introducing the novel Energy Pairs Theory, which implies that this Null wave conserves the energy as untraceable energy. This article presents another paradox manifested by another scenario of consolidating EM waves, in which the resultant EM wave contains more traceable energy than the sum of the traceable energies embedded in the consolidating waves. This scenario also seems to violate the Energy Conservation Principle, because energy seems to be created out of nothing. The Energy Pairs Theory resolves this paradox, which also significantly enhances the hypothesis presented in article [1], that the energies embedded in photons and EM waves are composed of traceable and untraceable energies.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

The Universe in the Form of a Vortex Thor Does Not Need Dark Energy Part I (in English)

Authors: Nikolay Lutsenko
Comments: 31 Pages. [Corrections made by viXra Admin to conform with scholarly norm]

A new model of the structure of the Universe in the form of a vortex Thor has been proposed. Equations of the dependence of the change in the volume of space, the rate of change in the volume and the equation of acceleration / deceleration of the change in the volume of space of the vortex Torus, depending on the parametric angle of its generating circle, have been obtained. Verification of a number of observational cosmic facts, which have not been explained within the existing standard cosmological model, has been verified for their full compliance with the proposed New model of the Universe in the form of a vortex Torus. For the first time, an explanation of the majority of unsolved space problems was obtained within the framework of the proposed New Model, evidence of the correspondence between theory and practice "from one place" was obtained, without modernizing existing standard theories and without attracting additional new ad hoc hypotheses to replace the old hypotheses that do not work. A new concept of the accelerated expansion of the Universe has been presented and practically proven, the riddle of Dark Energy has been solved: the reason for the accelerated expansion of the space of the Universe in the form of a vortex Thor has been found, due solely to its topology, which does not need the presence of any physical forces, neither known nor hypothetical! It is shown why the currently observed accelerated expansion of space is not constant, but cyclical. The resolution of the “Dark Energy” phenomenon gives good grounds for both the reformation of the Big Bang hypothesis and for the emergence of cosmological science from a deep systemic crisis, as well as for the rapid development of cosmological science in the very near future. The reformation of cosmological science, caused by new knowledge about the true structure of the Universe on the basis of the proposed New model, will create hundreds and thousands of jobs for young scientists willing to devote their lives to the noblest of occupations - the search for the structure of Our Universe, since this is the mission of Homo sapiens and both a representative of the Human race and a universal Cosmic Observer, in full accordance with the words of cosmologist John Wheeler: “observers are necessary for the Universe to become being”, laid down in the basis of a strong anthropic principle (“The universe must have properties that allow intelligent life to develop”).
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

A Discussion Relating to the Feasibility of a Null Electromagnetic Wave

Authors: Moshe Segal
Comments: 3 Pages.

This article presents the statement that a Null Electromagnetic (EM) Wave, which is a propagating EM wave which contains no Electric or Magnetic fields at all, can be feasible. The common existing notion held by physicists is that such a Null EM wave does not exist. The article reviews the existing acceptable notions that such a Null EM wave is a fiction which does not really exist and provides arguments to the contrary. The author of this paper published an article [1], which describes how such a Null EM wave can be implemented and analyses it. The discussion relating to the feasibility of such a Null EM wave is an important discussion, because if such a Null EM wave can be feasible, surprising, and significant conclusions are derived.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

New Derivation of Redshift Distance Without Using Power Expansions

Authors: Steffen Haase
Comments: 34 Pages.

Here we use the flat Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker metric describing a spatially homogeneous and isotropic universe to derive the cosmological redshift distance in a way which differs from that which can be found in the astrophysical literature. We use the co-moving coordinate r_e (the subscript e indicates emission) for the place of a galaxy which is emitting photons and r_a (the subscript a indicates absorption) for the place of an observer within a different galaxy on which the photons - which were traveling thru the universe - are absorbed. Therefore the real physical distance - the way of light - is calculated by D = a(t_0) r_a - a(t_e) r_e. Here means a(t_0) the today’s (t_0) scale parameter and a(t_e) the scale parameter at the time of emission (t_e) of the photons. Nobody can doubt this real travel way of light: The photons are emitted on the co-moving coordinate place r_e and are than traveling to the co-moving coordinate place r_a. During this traveling the time is moving from t_e to t_0 (t_e ≤ t_0) and therefore the scale parameter is changing in the meantime from a(t_e) to a(t_0). Using this right way of light we calculate some relevant classical cosmological equations (effects) and compare these theoretical results with some measurements of astrophysics. As one result we get e.g. the today’s Hubble parameter H_0a ≈ 62.34 km/(s Mpc). This value is smaller than the Hubble parameter H_0,Planck ≈ 67.66 km/(s Mpc) resulting from Planck 2018 data [12] which is discussed in the literature.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

The Relativistic Uniform Model: the Metric of the Covariant Theory of Gravitation Inside a Body

Authors: Sergey G. Fedosin
Comments: 21 Pages. St. Petersburg Polytechnical State University Journal. Physics and Mathematics, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp.168-184 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.18721/JPM.14313

It is shown that the sum of stress-energy tensors of the electromagnetic and gravitational fields, the acceleration field and the pressure field inside a stationary uniform spherical body within the framework of relativistic uniform model vanishes. This fact significantly simplifies solution of equation for the metric in covariant theory of gravitation (CTG). The metric tensor components are calculated inside the body, and on its surface they are combined with the components of external metric tensor. This also allows us to exactly determine one of the two unknown coefficients in the metric outside the body. Comparing the CTG metric and the Reissner-Nordström metric in general theory of relativity shows their difference, which is a consequence of difference between equations for the metric and different understanding of essence of cosmological constant.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Comment on: An Explanation of Dayton Miller’s Anomalous “Ether Drift” Result (English Version)

Authors: Sebastian Pliet
Comments: 4 Pages.

Thomas J. Roberts published an article in 2006 in which he claims, that Dayton C. Miller did not measure a real signal in his experiments. In this paper, the methods used are examined and it is shown that all claims are false.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Stochastic Cosmology and the Hubble Constant

Authors: E. Goldfain
Comments: 3 Pages.

We recently pointed out that the numerical value of the vacuum energy parameter derived via the Friedmann model may be reasonably approximated within the framework of Stochastic Cosmology. This brief note shows that the Hubble constant prediction of Stochastic Cosmology also falls in line with observational data.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Reinterpretation of Length Contraction Derivation from Lorentz Transformation and Derivation of Logical Relativistic Length

Authors: KyeongDo Kwak
Comments: 7 Pages.

Roy Weinstein’s length contraction derivation process has been acknowledged by several re- searchers, from Gamov to Einstein. However, there are several problems in his derivation, and this study looked into them in detail. I have confirmed that if the problems found in the Weinstein derivation process are removed, the length contraction equation is not derived, but rather the length expansion equation is derived. I also looked at the fact that some experimental facts support length expansion.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Kommentar zu: An Explanation of Dayton Miller’s Anomalous “Ether Drift” Result
Comment on: An Explanation of Dayton Miller’s Anomalous “Ether Drift” Result

Authors: Sebastian Pliet
Comments: 4 Pages. in German

Thomas J. Roberts veröffentlichte 2006 einen Artikel, in dem er behauptet,daß Dayton C. Miller in seinen Experimenten kein echtes Signal gemessen hat. In dieser Arbeit werden die verwendeten Methoden untersucht und es wird gezeigt, daß alle Behauptungen falsch sind.

Thomas J. Roberts published an article in 2006 in which he claims, that Dayton C. Miller did not measure a real signal in his experiments. In this paper, the methods used are examined and it is shown that all claims are false.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

A Static Universe Explanation for the Redshift-Distance Relation as an Effect of Gravitational Time Dilation

Authors: George Park
Comments: 29 Pages. relativity theory, cosmology

The redshift-distance relation is explained in the concordance model by the metric expansion of space, which is described by the Friedmann solution to Einstein’s field equations. Cosmological redshift is proportional to the cosmic scale factor, the relation between redshift and distance is non-linear, and the Hubble constant determines the proper velocity of space expansion. Edward A. Milne developed a competing Newtonian expanding model in static Euclidean space that is consistent with the Friedmann equation. It describes the universe as a conservative gravitational system which includes special relativity. In this model cosmic redshifts are explained as relativistic Doppler redshifts, the Hubble constant determines the peculiar velocity of matter expansion, and the relation between redshift and distance is non-linear. This paper describes a static model of the universe as a conservative gravitational system. This static model explains cosmic redshifts by time dilation in a universal gravitational field, which results in a linear redshift-distance relation that matches Hubble’s 1929 discovery. The uniformity of the cosmic microwave background temperature is also explained by relativity effects in a universal gravitational field. In this model the square of the Hubble constant is the gravitational constant of cosmic gravity. The results of several different tests designed to determine whether or not space expansion is real are all consistent with the static gravitational model.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

The Informational Physical Model: Cosmology

Authors: Sergey V. Shevchenko, Vladimir V. Tokarevsky
Comments: The paper is presented in two versions: English one, pages 1-10, and Russian one, pages 10-23

This paper is a little upgrade of the sections 5 “Cosmology|” and 6 “Conclusion” in the paper “The informational physical model: some fundamental problems in physics”, vixra.org/pdf/2007.0001v3, whilst the whole replacement of this paper seems would not be rational, in one, though rather probably essential, point – in this case rather possibly useful cosmological experiment is proposed. The experiment follows from the fact that “escape velocity” for a concrete body doesn’t limit some borders for moving in the “body’s atmosphere” other bodies. For example, the Erath escape velocity is 11.19 km/s, however bodies with different velocities can move apart Earth on any distance, if a velocity is →11.19 km/s – up to infinity, before stopping and return back to Earth. Correspondingly, though SMBH have two borders, i.e. real one, i.e. the size of the compact extremely dense central object, and “virtual” one, i.e. the GR “event horizon”, the real SMBH “atmosphere”, which feeds on accretion of external matter, spreads outside both borders, including, rather probably, it take part in composing of the SMBH jets. In this paper the sections numbers, and the references that are in the host paper, are mostly conserved.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology