Classical Physics

2512 Submissions

[7] viXra:2512.0146 [pdf] replaced on 2026-02-20 22:19:22

Some Experiments on Electron Scattering from an Atomic Lattice

Authors: Dmitry G. Kiryan, George V. Kiryan
Comments: 26 Pages. 14 Figures

This paper considers some aspects of the dynamics of material particles (electrons, neutrons) in their interaction with atomic nuclei of the target which is an ordered atomic lattice. In this study, we took into account a number of key factors affecting the particle trajectory, namely the inverse square law (Coulomb’s law), physical collisions of both elastic and inelastic character, and also the effect of a velocity decrease accompanied by bremsstrahlung. Analysis of the obtained results of mathematical modeling of material particles scattering from atomic lattices allowed us to reasonably assert that the particles do not possess wave properties giving rise to interference or diffraction. Here we propose a technique allowing practical demonstration of the absence of wave properties in electrons, as well as in other material bodies.
Category: Classical Physics

[6] viXra:2512.0144 [pdf] replaced on 2026-05-10 22:51:44

Constituent Quarks of the First Generation

Authors: Branko Zivlak
Comments: 3 Pages. 2 Tables

This paper calculates the masses of up and down quarks within the proton and neutron. It is a corrected version of a paper previously published on the same platform. The correction concerns Formula (11) and the corresponding updates to the related numerical results.
Category: Classical Physics

[5] viXra:2512.0115 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-24 21:27:48

Analog of a Compact Calabi-yau Manifold Based on the Algebra of Signatures

Authors: Mikhail Batanov-Gaukhman
Comments: 18 Pages.

A multidimensional Ricci-flat space is proposed, in which additional dimensions harmoniously compensate each other's manifestations in accordance with the internal topological structure of a given manifold, i.e., without additional conditions. At the same time, the geometric and topological parameters of such a space, developed within the framework of Algebra the Signature [1,2,3,4], turned out to be sufficient for the creation of metric-dynamic models of all elementary particles included in the Standard Model [5,6,7,8]. In particular, it is possible to geome-trize such concepts as charge, spin, inertial mass, colors and confinement of the quarks, and also propose ways of metric-dynamically substantiating the nature of gravity, dark matter and energy, etc. In connection with these possibilities of the multidimensional geometry based on the Algebra of signature, the multidimensional Ricci-flat space generated by it can be proposed as an alternative to the Calabi-Yau manifold used in superstring theory.
Category: Classical Physics

[4] viXra:2512.0100 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-22 21:58:54

Newton’s Third Law in Rebounding Bodies: Historical Context, Classical Conceptualization, and Generalized Formulation

Authors: Ajay Sharma
Comments: 18 Pages.

Newton’s third law of motion has historically been formulated and applied primarily in a qualitative manner and is commonly assumed to hold universally for macroscopic interactions. Over time, the applications of Newton’s third law have been extended to a wide range of systems, including aerodynamics and aerospace propulsion. In this work, qualitative and preliminary quantitative observations are reported for freely falling and rebounding macroscopic bodies, highlighting systematic variations associated with geometric shape, material composition, and impact conditions. Simple rebound experiments show that spherical bodies can retrace their original line of fall and rebound to comparable heights under suitable conditions, whereas asymmetrical and flat bodies exhibit reduced rebound heights and oblique rebound trajectories. These observations indicate that interaction forces during impact are influenced by structural and material asymmetries at the macroscopic scale. Motivated by these experimental trends and supported by historical and conceptual analysis, a generalized form of Newton’s third law is proposed in which the reaction force is modified by dimensionless coefficients accounting for shape, composition, target surface, and other interaction parameters, expressed asReaction (FBA) = − [Kshape × Kcomposition × Ktarget × Kother] Action (FAB)The generalized formulation reduces to the classical law in the symmetric ideal limit and provides an experimentally testable framework for investigating macroscopic deviations from ideal action—reaction symmetry.
Category: Classical Physics

[3] viXra:2512.0075 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-16 19:50:30

Aether Model Explains Particles, Photons and Forces by Reinterpreting μ0 and ε0

Authors: Michael Gunning
Comments: 19 Pages.

The Standard Model of Particle Physics is held up as one of the most successful theories in physics, but it is littered with dubious renormalised infinities, fundamental particles that have never been directly detected and even fails completely to explain the force of gravity. In this paper I use the idea of the aether which was proposed as the medium through which Maxwell’s electromagnetic waves travelled. By comparing the formula for the speed of light in free space to that of sound in any medium I have reinterpreted μ0 as the density of free space and ε0 as the compressibility of free space. I propose that the actual structure of free space is a tetrahedral lattice of nodes similar to many crystals found in nature and that these nodes are connected with identical connecting rods under compression. The length of these connecting rods is a new fundamental constant but with this very simple model I can easily explain the nature of Planck’s constant, h, the Gravitational Constant, G, the charge of the electron, e, the mass of the electron, me, the mass of the Proton, mp, the mass of the Neutron, mn, the Relative Magnetic Moments of the Proton μp, and of the Neutron μn In explaining the origins of these fundamental constants, I have also explained the nature of matter and light and the two forces, Electromagnetism and the Strong Nuclear Force. It adds to the flowing space theory of Gravity by explaining some of its problems. In the case of matter, it explains the nature of inertial and gravitational mass and in the case of light it explains why the photon has no gravitational mass. This model also explains many unexplained phenomena such as β- decay parity violation, single particle interference experiments, Stern-Gerlach experiments, Bell inequality experiments, Aharonov Bohm effect and the mass of many sub atomic particles. It also has a very simple explanation for Dark Energy, Dark Matter and the Matter-Antimatter asymmetry.
Category: Classical Physics

[2] viXra:2512.0069 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-15 19:02:43

Variants for Demonstrating Aristotle's Wheel Paradox

Authors: Viktor Strohm
Comments: 3 Pages.

This article discusses two variants for demonstrating Aristotle's Wheel Paradox, based on differing approaches to defining the "connection of the wheels" and the conditions of their rolling. In the first variant, the classic paradox is reformulated by changing the point of support for a rigid body. The second variant clarifies the concept of slippage of the smaller disk using a discrete "forcing mechanism."
Category: Classical Physics

[1] viXra:2512.0015 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-05 01:39:49

Thermal Noise Harnessing

Authors: Jan Sandtner
Comments: 8 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

Every resistor is a source of a thermal noise with frequencies reaching up to THz. The noise available power is given by bandwidth, but independent of the frequency in which the noise is generated. To harness the noise power, some nonlinearity in the system should be present. With modern semiconductors, such as Schottky diodes or CMOS rectifiers, contemporary employed in RFID devices, the GHz part of the noise frequency range may be used. By means of RLC resonant circuits or PCB resonators connected in a cascade, a sufficient noise voltage can be attained. After rectifying, the noise energy may be stored in a condenser as a charge. Noise energy in a resonant circuit can be considered as that of a one sole molecule in an ideal gas. Even if the noise available power in a resonant circuit is negligibly small, the energy can be greatly increased by letting the power integrate over a long-time interval. In the appendix, a numerical example is presented. Keywords: Thermal noise harnessing, RLC resonant circuits, small signal Schottky diode, RF-harvesting, CMOS multistage rectifiers, PCB resonators, RFID devices, Second law.
Category: Classical Physics