Classical Physics

A Common Myth about Mechanical Resonance

Authors: Roman Vinokur
Comments: 2 Pages. [Corrections made by viXra Admin to conform with the requirements on the Submission Form]

The coincidence of the excitation and resonant frequencies is sufficient to create resonances only for a 1-DOF (one degree of freedom) mechanical system. For multi-DOF mechanical systems, this condition is necessary but may not be sufficient. The spatial distribution and orientation of the oscillating forces is important as well. This is important for many practical applications and therefore should be taken into account by design engineers to avoid potential failures with new projects.
Category: Classical Physics

Нелинейные уравнения Максвелла (Nonlinear Maxwell Equations)

Authors: Sergey Y. Kotkovsky
Comments: 32 Pages. In Russian

На основании анализа бикватернионных квадратичных форм поля показано, что уравнения Максвелла возникают как следствие принципа сохранения потока энергии-импульса поля в пространстве-времени. При этом оказывается, что этот принцип предполагает существование более общих нелинейных уравнений поля. Классические линейные уравнения Максвелла особым образом вложены в новые нелинейные уравнения и являются их частным случаем. Показано, что в ряде важных случаев нелинейные уравнения в отличие от линейных допускают решения, обладающие закрученностью потока энергии. Решения полученных нами уравнений дают возможность волнового описания заряженных частиц в рамках нелинейной классической электродинамики. Особое внимание в работе уделяется проблеме разделения поля на «собственное» поле заряженной частицы и «внешнее» по отношению к нему поле. Из нелинейных уравнений поля следуют как сами классические уравнения Максвелла, так и уравнения движения заряда под действием силы Лоренца. Таким образом решается задача нахождения нелинейных уравнений поля, включающих в себя взаимодействие. В рамках нашего подхода заряд частицы является электромагнитным (комплекснозначным), периодически проходящим различные линейные комбинации электрического и магнитного зарядов от чисто электрического до чисто магнитного. В реальных процессах играет роль не сам заряд частицы, а его соотношение по фазе с другими зарядами и полями.

Based on the analysis of biquaternionic quadratic forms of the field, it is shown that Maxwell's equations arise as a consequence of the principle of conservation of the energy-momentum flux of the field in space-time. It turns out that this principle presupposes the existence of more general nonlinear field equations. The classical linear Maxwell equations are embedded in new nonlinear equations in a special way and are their special case. It is shown that, in a number of important cases, nonlinear equations, in contrast to linear ones, admit solutions with a swirling energy flux. The solutions of the equations obtained by us make it possible to describe the charged particles in the framework of nonlinear classical electrodynamics. Particular attention is paid to the problem of separating the field into the "own" field of the charged particle and the "external" field in relation to it. Both the classical Maxwell equations themselves and the equations of motion of the charge under the action of the Lorentz force follow from the nonlinear equations of the field. This solves the problem of finding nonlinear field equations that include interaction. Within the framework of our approach, the particle charge is electromagnetic (complex-valued), periodically passing through various linear combinations of electric and magnetic charges from purely electric to purely magnetic. In real processes, it is not the particle charge itself that plays a role, but its phase relationship with other charges and fields.
Category: Classical Physics

Hidden Energy in the Destructive Interference

Authors: Wolfgang Sturm
Comments: 5 Pages.

Two simple experiments and a simulation show that energy can be hidden in invisible and immeasurable beams.
Category: Classical Physics

Electromagnetism Premised on the Existence of "Aether" I ～About the Generation of Magnetic Force and the Mechanism of Action～(in Japanese)

Authors: Yukihiko Hoshino
Comments: 30 Pages. Paper on Neoaether theory (New Aether theory) No.5. Original Japanese paper.

As a result of considering the electromagnetic force on the premise of the existence of "aether", the following was found. The gravity quantum generated by the contraction of the nucleus flows from the electron cloud in which the electrons exist in pairs and the "aether" moves randomly, to the region where the "aether" of the electron cloud in which the electron exists alone is flowing in one direction. The moment it reaches the region, it changes into two magnetic quantum. The magnetic quantum is generated as a combination of an "aether" vortex rotating in the same direction as the "aether" flow of the electron cloud and a low "aether pressure" part above and below the vortex. After that, the magnetic quantum travels in the vertical direction perpendicular to the previous traveling direction while maintaining the rotation. Therefore, the direction of rotation with respect to the direction of travel of the magnetic quantum is opposite each other. Next, it is assumed that the magnetic quantum that rotates to the right in the direction of travel is the magnetic quantum that is generated from the N pole (N magnetic quantum), and the magnetic quantum that rotates to the left in the direction of travel is the magnetic quantum that is generated from the S pole (S magnetic quantum). And then the generation of magnetic force and the mechanism of action were investigated. As a result, the reason why the magnet exerts a repulsive force on the same magnetic poles and the attractive force acts on different magnetic poles, and the mechanism by which a ferromagnetic material such as iron is attracted to the magnet and the ferromagnetic material itself becomes a magnet were clarified. Therefore the structure and properties of the magnet could be explained theoretically, and the mechanism of generation and action of magnetic force was clarified.
Category: Classical Physics

Displacement of Center of Mass Causes Rotation of Torsional Device

Authors: Viktor Strohm
Comments: 6 Pages. [Corrections made by viXra Admin to conform with scholarly norm - Please conform!]

It is experimentally shown the twisting of the suspension thread when the weight of the working medium changes. It is proposed to carry out experiments 2, 3, 4 with variable dimensions of the working medium.
Category: Classical Physics

The Mystery of Potential Energy Wells

Authors: Brian Strom
Comments: 6 Pages.

Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity proposes the distortion of the fabric of space by an object, creating a Potential Energy well. But how and why does this happen? In this paper we question some aspects of PE wells. For a spaceship orbiting a PE well, how can the energy, speed and direction of the spaceship change when there appears to be no force acting on it? Would Newton have viewed the Earth’s PE well differently if he had observed a water-filled balloon falling from a tree instead of an apple? Would he have written “energy” equations instead of “force” equations? Perhaps the understanding of the mysterious nature of Potential Energy wells could be one of the "keys to the universe".
Category: Classical Physics

A Fundamental Problem in Physics (Mass vs Electric Charge )

Authors: Hoa Van Nguyen
Comments: 13 Pages. 2 figures

In modern physics there are two opposite trends towards the feature of the mass : 1/ the mass ( of an electron ) varies with its velocity ; 2/ the mass is invariant in all physical conditions . In the case when the mass is regarded as invariant , a mathematical equation describing the variability of the electric charge can be derived . A thought experiment is proposed to demonstrate this variability and some consequences related to this feature .
Category: Classical Physics

Proof that the Center of Buoyancy is Equal to the Center of Pressure by means of the Surface Integral of Hydrostatic Pressure Acting on the Inclined Ship

Authors: Tsutomu Hori
Comments: 21 Pages, 4 Figures, 36 Equations, 46 References, 2 Appendices.
Published in the Bulletin of Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science in Japan, 2022 (January), Vol.61, No.2, Research Notes in Mathematical and Physical Science, pp.135~154.

 In this paper, we prove that the center of buoyancy of a ship is equal to the center of hydrostatic pressure. This subject is an unsolved problem in physics and naval architecture, even though the buoyancy taught by Archimedes' principle can be obtained clearly by the surface integral of hydrostatic pressure. Then we thought that the reason why the vertical position of the center of pressure could not be determined was that the horizontal force would be zero due to equilibrium in the upright state.
 As a breakthrough, we dared to assume the left-right asymmetric pressure field by inclining the ship with heel angle. In that state, the force and moment due to hydrostatic pressure were calculated correctly with respect to the tilted coordinate system fixed to the floating body. By doing so, we succeeded in determining the center of pressure.
 Then, by setting the heel angle to zero, it was proved that the center of hydrostatic pressure is equal to the well-known center of buoyancy, i.e., the centroid of the cross-sectional area under the water surface. Specifically, the above proof is first shown for a rectangular cross-section, and then for an arbitrary shape of floating body by applying Gauss's integral theorem. And we show an extension to the center of buoyancy for a 3-D floating body.
Category: Classical Physics