Astrophysics

Surface Brightness Profiles: Calculating Rotation Curves Without Dark Matter

Authors: P. G. Vejde
Comments: 4 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

Keplerian and Newtonian physics tell us that the rotational velocities of planets must decrease with any increase in radial distance from the sun. The same theoretical assumption is made for the rotational velocities of all visible mass including stars around spiral galaxy cores. As spiral galaxy brightness profiles diminish in luminosity from core to disc edge the assumptions to date are that because the observed rotation curves of galaxies are flat, this is not consistent with the distribution of visible mass in spiral galaxy discs. And that either new physics or dark matter halos must be invoked to explain why the observed flat rotation curves do not match the rapidly and exponentially diminishing brightness of the galaxy’s surface brightness profile as the radius increases. Here in this paper a new rotation curve calculation is made which shows that the surface brightness profiles of visible mass in galaxies can be made to favourably fit the observed flat galaxy rotation curves without having to invoke any new physics or dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

Quantisation in Stable Gravitational Systems More Objects

Authors: Richard Wayte
Comments: 6 Pages.

The original article on quantisation in gravitational systems has been extended to cover the latest data on Trans-Neptunian Objects, the hypothetical Planet-Nine, and the Oort cloud. Then planet-nine might orbit at a semimajor axis around 703AU, while the Kuiper belt is around 44AU and the Scattered Disk Objects are fitted broadly around 78AU and 175AU, and 700AU. The Hills cloud fits harmonics from 2,800AU up to 17,600AU; and the outer Oort cloud fits further harmonics up to180,000AU. Quantisation of orbits is a weak influence so objects may remain unstabilised yet commensurable with neighbouring objects.
Category: Astrophysics

Theory of Similarity of Micro and Macro Cosmic Systems

Authors: Ioan Virgil
Comments: 161 Pages.

This work was conceived as a study tool, in order to expand the horizon of knowledge of the universe, by establishing some relationships of similarity between the microcosm and the macrocosm, regarding the ways of organizing matter in the two micro and macrocosmic levels, taking into account the interaction relationships of particles, respectively of bodies, existing in a certain space. If we refer to the form of organization of matter, we observe that at the microcosm level, matter is presented in granular, discrete form, such as; electrons, nucleons, mesons and other particles, while at the macrocosm level matter is presented in the form of satellites, planets, stars, nebulae, etc. Both in the microcosm and in the macrocosm matter is organized in systems of particles or celestial bodies, which are characterized by a periodic movement in a central field. In other words, cosmic systems of any size are rotational harmonic oscillators, in a permanent state of energetic balance with the environment. Any deviation from this balance leads to manifestations of energy absorption or emission from the respective systems, until their energetic rebalancing with the environment. If in the microcosm these energy exchanges can be observed in the laboratory in real time, in the macrocosm the events occur in thousands or millions of years, becoming impossible to study in their entirety. Although the nature of the fields that interact in the microcosm is different from that of the macrocosm fields, namely the electromagnetic and gravitational fields, they still have a common characteristic, that of being the binder of matter organized in harmonic systems, having an unlimited range of action, whose intensity decreases with the square of the distance, ensuring the conditions for the organization of particles or bodies in micro or macrocosm systems. This work was conceived as a study tool, in order to expand the horizon of knowledge of the universe, by establishing some relationships of similarity between the microcosm and the macrocosm, regarding the ways of organizing matter in the two micro and macrocosmic levels, taking into account the interaction relationships of particles, respectively of bodies, existing in a certain space. (Truncated by viXra Admin)
Category: Astrophysics

The Fine Parameters of the Universe by ξ-α Arising from the Infinite Potential of Random Tests

Authors: Dominique Mareau
Comments: 15 Pages.

Beyond the Standard Model, DUO5 theory relies on the inevitable physical consequences of the inertial paradox {m > 0; m ≡ 0} ∄∄[1]. This paradox justifies the state of a stochastic and steady-state universe, which is the origin of the state of the observable universe. The existence of the dipolar preon is forced by this paradox to obtain an indispensable algebraic zero of the type {Δmℓ→ + Δmℓ← ≡ 0}, failing the impossibility of absolute zero. The preon is the elementary particle common to spacetime and matter, as proposed by John Wheeler [2]. The stochastic and steady-state has no {mass-spacetime} continuum. The non-flow of time makes possible a near-infinite potential of {entropy↔negentropy} cycles of an informational type [1]. The non-flow of time allows for an almost infinite number of mostly sterile random trials. Statistically, there is a non-zero probability of obtaining a fruitful result through the fine parameters ξ-α that characterize the observable universe. It is shown here how the ξ-α duality operates at all scales. Several verifiable and falsifiable relationships account for the numerical value of ξ while indicating its physical role arising from the inertial paradox.
Category: Astrophysics

Matter Ring Around Nothing — Stability Without a Central Mass

Authors: Josef Graf
Comments: 16 Pages. In Deutsch

This study investigates whether rotating rings or full tori of matter can orbit an empty center in a stable configuration, without the need for a central mass such as a black hole or dark matter. Using symmetric mass distributions and classical mechanics, it is shown that the gravitational forces of the ring material can balance the centrifugal forces of its constituents. For a continuous ring, the total mass required is Mring=π⋅Mz, where Mz is the fictitious central mass inferred by an observer. The analysis covers discrete systems (2, 4, 8... bodies) as well as the limiting case of infinitely many particles. Using the Earth-Sun system as an example, it is demonstrated that a stable full torus with a thickness of approximately three Earth radii could replace the Sun's mass. The results suggest that certain observed accretion structures may not require supermassive black holes at their centers.
Category: Astrophysics

Galaxy Evolution Based on a Revised Nuclear Model: A Unified Explanation for Quasars and Superheavy Nucleosynthesis

Authors: Xianzhong Cheng
Comments: 6 Pages.

background: Mainstream astrophysics, based on traditional nuclear and nuclear force models, posits that during the late evolution of massive stars, their iron cores undergo gravitational collapse due to insufficient energy release from fusion, triggering supernova explosions and forming neutron stars or black holes. This framework struggles to explain quasars' immense and sustained energy output, multiple spectral redshifts, and fails to effectively guide stable superheavy element synthesis.

Problem: This paper challenges conventional understanding of nuclear forces and iron core behavior identifying an overlooked slow fusion pathway in stellar iron cores during late evolution stages.

Core Argument: Based on a revised nuclear structure model (where nucleons exist as "subprotons" and "subneutrons" in dynamic transformation; see preprint viXra:2412.0014 submitted on 2024-12-05), we propose that extreme gravitational pressure in ultra-massive stars drives preferential fusion of iron cores into hyperons (e.g., Σ, Ξ). These hyperons rapidly decay as intermediate products, generating high-energy γ photons and free neutrons.

Results: This process initiates cascade reactions: 1) γ photons activate outer iron cores via photonuclear reactions, synthesizing superheavy elements (atomic numbers 104—118) through neutron/proton capture; 2) forms a layered core structure (iron crystal lattice, superheavy nucleus layer, neutron layer); 3) fast neutrons from the core bombard superheavy nuclei, releasing enormous energy that melts through the iron shell. Under strong magnetic fields and rotational forces, polar jets form, ultimately dispersing the stellar envelope and evolving into observed quasars.

Conclusion: This framework naturally explains quasar energy mechanisms (non-gravitational collapse energy), primary redshift sources (close-range strong gravitational redshift), and multiple redshift phenomena. It predicts a novel, high-yield pathway for stable superheavy nucleosynthesis under high-pressure environments with γ photon and neutron fluxes. This study calls for fundamental reconsideration of nuclear physics foundations and stellar evolution models.
Category: Astrophysics

Radio-Chemistry of the Object 3I/ATLAS

Authors: Dave Chapman
Comments: 4 Pages.

The interstellar object 3I/ATLAS has been observed to emit unusual material. Observations to date suggest that this object contains volatile elements, similar to a comet [1, 2]. Calculations show that the object has been exposed to a combination of low temperatures and high levels of radiation for over one Billion years, which could explain the unusual chemistry of the object. Models indicate that the outer 10-20 meters of the object suggest that a considerable amount of energy may be stored in the form of unstable chemicals, and that these chemicals may release energy when the object’s temperature increases during close approach to the sum.
Category: Astrophysics