Astrophysics

Tired Light Hypothesis Got Second Direct Confirmation from Supernova Light Curve

Authors: Dmitriy S. Tipikin
Comments: 7 Pages.

For the long time the idea of Big Bang and expanding Universe was predominant in physics community. While originally tired light idea was expressed by Hubble himself it was rejected by others due to mainly two factors: all existing mechanisms of photon scattering would lead to one-step light scattering, image blurring and thus even close galaxies are not possible to observe [1] and the dispersion of the red shift was exactly proportional to energy and the only mechanism known at that time with precisely that dependence was Doppler mechanism. Thus the idea of Big Bang was born and eventually lead to the present situation: James Webb Space Telescope discovered galaxies presumably very young (300 millions years from Big Bang point of view) but with stars at least as old as 2 billions years old (from well established theories of star ageing and metallicity laws well confirmed in close areas of Universe). Essentially very young galaxies consist from start as old as Sun or even older. This is the most striking contradiction in addition to the absence of Tolman effect and presence of what seems to be active galactic nuclei in the young galaxies, presence of already dead galaxies in "early" Universe, too high metallicity and other phenomena [1]. Recently the idea of scattering of photons being implemented in enormously small steps was proposed [1] and that lead to explanation which easily describes red shift with almost unnoticeable scattering for close galaxies (energy drain proportional to N number of interactions but change of angle proportional to sqrt(N) and for huge N light scattering is not easy to observe for close objects). However, despite very small, light scattering and image blurring should be present in images of very far objects and this phenomenon was indeed present in images made by James Webb Space Telescope [1]. The same scattering must be also visible for the closer but smaller objects like supernovas and indeed retro-analysis of supernova 1a light curves (standard candles) as function of distance confirms the model outlined in [1] to some extent.
Category: Astrophysics

Expansion of the Gravitational Potential of the Prolate Homogeneous Ellipsoid in Spherical Multipoles

Authors: Richard J. Mathar
Comments: 5 Pages.

In 1956 Schmidt represented the gravitational potential of a spheroid filled with a mass of homogeneous density by integrating the Newtonion potential over the entire spheroid. The drawback of this representation is that it depends on an angular parameter which satisfies an implicitequation in cylindrical coordinates. Using Maple as a concurrent tool to re-expand the terms in spherical coordinates, we derive the multipoleexpansion of these potentials up to 26th order in the inverse distance to the center.
Category: Astrophysics

On the Possible Zero Value of the Spatial Curvature Constant

Authors: Fernando Salmon Iza
Comments: 5 Pages.

The value of curvature k that appears in the Friedman's equation of the FLRW metric is the subject of controversy. Of its three possible values (+1, -1, 0), determining whether it is zero or not is an important problem in physics. The experimental results existing today do not allow us to resolve it. In this report we have studied this problem by carrying out a theoretical calculation of the parameters, curvature density Ωk and matter density Ωm. To do this we have obtained an equation that relates the spatial curvature constant to the energy density and through it and the Friedman's equation we have calculated Ωk and Ωm. The ratio between the two will determine whether the curvature k is zero or non-zero. The result obtained in this report leads us to think that the curvature constant that appears in the Friedman's equation is zero.
Category: Astrophysics

Maxwell Voids and Cosmic Strings

Authors: Thierry L. A. Periat
Comments: 13 Pages. In French (Translation made by viXra Admin - Future non-compliant submission will not be accepted)

This paper offers a simple mathematical foundation for the existence of cosmic filaments observed since the mid-seventies (nineteen hundred).

Ce document offre un fondement mathématique simple à l'existence des filaments cosmiques observés dès le milieu des années soixante-dix (mille neuf cent).
Category: Astrophysics