Astrophysics

Model Images for Regolith Light Scattering

Authors: Uri Lachish
Comments: 1 Page.

Model images show that the roughness degree of regolith, as well as of other materials, does not determine their light scattering properties.
Category: Astrophysics

Studiul Similitudinii Sistemelor Micro si Macrocosmice
The Study of the Similarity of Micro and Macrocosmic Systems

Authors: Ioan Virgil
Comments: 111 Pages. In Romanian

Aceasta lucrare a fost conceputa ca un instrument de studiu, in vederea extinderii orizontului de cunoastere a universului, prin stabilirea unor relatii de asemanare dintre microcosmos si macrocosmos, privind modurile de organizare ale materiei in cele doua niveluri micro si macro cosmice, tinand seama de relatiile de interactiune ale particulelor, respectiv ale corpurilor, existente intr-un anumit spatiu. Daca ne referim la forma de organizare a materiei, observam ca la nivel microcosmic, materia se prezinta sub forma granulara, discreta, precum ; electroni, nucleoni, mezoni si alte particule, in timp ce la nivel macrocosmic materia se prezinta sub forma de sateliti, planete, stele, nebuloase etc. Atat in microcosmos cat si in macrocosmos materia este organizata in sisteme de particule sau de corpuri ceresti, ce sunt caracterizate de o miscare periodica. Cu alte cuvinte, sistemele cosmice de orice marime ar fi, sunt niste oscilatori armonici naturali, aflati in permanenta stare de echilibru energetic fata de mediul inconjurator. Orice abatere de la acest echilibru, conduce la manifestari de absorbtie, sau emisie de energie din partea sistemelor respective, pana la reechilibrarea energetica a acestora, cu mediul inconjurator. Daca in microcosmos aceste schimburi energetice pot fi observate in laborator in timpi reali, in macro cosmos evenimentele se produc in mii sau milioane de ani, devenind imposibil de studiat in ansamblul lor.

This work was conceived as a study tool, in order to expand the horizon of knowledge of the universe, by establishing some relationships of similarity between the microcosm and the macrocosm, regarding the ways of organizing matter in the two micro and macro cosmic levels, taking into account the relationships of interaction of particles, respectively of bodies, existing in a certain space. If we refer to the form of organization of matter, we notice that at the microcosmic level, matter is presented in a granular, discrete form, such as; electrons, nucleons, mesons and other particles, while at the macrocosmic level matter appears in the form of satellites, planets, stars, nebulae, etc. Both in the microcosm and in the macrocosm, matter is organized into systems of particles or celestial bodies, which are characterized by a periodic movement. In other words, the cosmic systems of any size are natural harmonic oscillators, in a permanent state of energetic balance with the environment. Any deviation from this balance leads to manifestations of absorption or emission of energy on the part of the respective systems, until their energetic rebalancing with the environment. If in the microcosm these energy exchanges can be observed in the laboratory in real time, in the macrocosm the events take place over thousands or millions of years, becoming impossible to study in their entirety.
Category: Astrophysics

The Liquid Metallic Hydrogen Model of the Sun: Modelling a Density Profile of the Chromosphere

Authors: Alexander Unzicker
Comments: 6 Pages.

In the last years, the liquid metallic hydrogen model has proven to be a viable alternative to the standard solar model, almost exclusively due to the work of Pierre-Marie Robitaille (2002, 2009, 2011, 2013). By modeling the density of both the liquid metallic and the molecular state of hydrogen from first principles, the pressure at the phase transition can be estimated, resulting in about 550 GPa. In the liquid metallic hydrogen model, this phase transition defines the photosphere which can therefore be considered real surface, as it is consistent with many observations. However, considerable pressure must be exerted by the above chromosphere, which is assumed to consist of molecular hydrogen, albeit in a compressed, liquid form. Deriving a relation between pressure and density from the above considerations, it can be shown that the chromosphere has an approximate thickness of not more than 8000 km, in agreement with observations.
Category: Astrophysics

Is there an Upper Limit on How Big a Black Hole Can Be?

Authors: Arieh Sher
Comments: 3 Pages.

There is a limit on the mass and size of the black hole. I calculate the mass and size of a black hole based on two assumptions 1) There is a maximal density possible in the universe, and 2) There is a limit on the acceleration in the universe. The result is that the maximal mass of a black hole is ~1.2 x 10^54kg.
Category: Astrophysics

A New Cosmological Model: Origin and Maintenance of the Universe.

Authors: Andreas Mandelis, J. Howard O. Slater
Comments: 12 Pages.

We wish to suggest an alternative physical origin and organisation of the universe contrasting with the Standard Model of Cosmology. The masses of Standard Model (SM) particles are generated by interactions between a quantum field, and thermal and particle diffusion waves - the Thermon-PDW mechanism - a process which is observationally confirmed. An exact "ensemble" of quantum fields responding to harmonic solutions of interacting thermal and particle diffusion waves solves the problem of particle mass. However, this generates its own complication: an obligatory requirement for a thermal source perfusing continuously throughout the universe. This constraint (and others) is accommodated by several properties of the principal hypothesis. Furthermore, if this interpretation is validated, it eliminates many difficulties due to the orthodox cosmological model, such as reverse engineering fundamental laws of physics, the initial singularity, initial high temperatures and densities and inflation; generally SMC as a whole should be discarded together with other model possibilities, including string theory solutions, multiverse, quantum loop theories and physics beyond the Standard Model of Particles. The property of primary importance - overwhelming importance - for the new cosmological model is establishing a universe-wide flow of thermal energy, how this is done and its consequences.
Category: Astrophysics