Astrophysics

Speculations On Black Hole Information Storage And The Topology Of Planck Mass Black Holes: Implications for Primordial Planck Mass Black Holes In Cosmology, Dark Matter & Dark Energy

Authors: Gary J Duggan
Comments: 9 Pages.

The topology of a Planck Mass Black Hole (PMBH) is derived from a consideration of the characteristics of the lattice unit cell which stores 1 bit of information on the surface of a black hole. Information inviolability implies that the PMBH has a toroidal, not spherical, form. The toroidal form lends itself to a plausible field-based information storage mechanism with the potential for storing either "0" or "1". There are consequences for Cosmology, Dark Matter and Dark Energy all of which are now linked through toroidal Primordial PMBHs.
Category: Astrophysics

Calculation of the Cosmic Microwave Background Temperature

Authors: Hans Peter Good
Comments: 2 Pages.

The cosmic microwave temperature is derived assuming empty space is a symmetric electron-positron plasma. The outcome is compared with the result obtained from FIRAS on the COBE satellite.
Category: Astrophysics

Detection of the Continuous Gravitational Wave of HM Cancri

Authors: Herbert Weidner
Comments: 12 Pages.

HM Cancri is expected to be be one of the brightest sources of gravitational waves in our galaxy. Despite its known frequency, the radiation could not be detected so far. A novel technique can compensate for phase modulation and detect this GW in the records of superconducting gravimeters. This new observational window will allow a deeper understanding of the enigmatic stellar system.
Category: Astrophysics

Nachweis Der Kontinuierlichen Gravitationswelle Von HM Cancri (Detection of the Continuous Gravitational Wave of HM Cancri)

Authors: Herbert Weidner
Comments: 10 Pages.

HM Cancri ist möglicherweise die intensivste Quelle kontinuierlicher GW in unserer Galaxie. Trotz bekannter Frequenz konnte die Strahlung mangels geeigneter Sensoren bisher nicht nachgewiesen werden. Ein neuartiges Verfahrens kann die Phasenmodulation kompensieren und diese CGW in den Aufzeichnungen supraleitender Gravimeter zweifelsfrei nachweisen. Diese neuartige Beobachtungsfenster wird ein tieferes Verständnis des rätselhaften Sternsystems ermöglichen.

HM Cancri is expected to be one of the brightest sources of gravitational waves in our galaxy. Despite its known frequency, the radiation could not be detected so far. A new technique can compensate for the phase modulation and detect this CGW in the records of supraconducting gravimeters beyond doubt. This novel observational window will allow a deeper understanding of the enigmatic stellar system.
Category: Astrophysics

Galactic Rotation: Dark Matter, Supermassive Black Holes, or Mond?

Authors: P. Góralski
Comments: 87 Pages. In Polish [Corrections are made by viXra Admin to comply with the rules of viXra.org]

What is dark matter? According to the Standard Cosmological Model, ΛCDM makes up about 26.8% of the mass of the universe. He spends his sleep over the scientist's eyes. They call it the Holy Grail of Physics and even Science. They look for it everywhere: in the entire cosmos, on Earth, and even underground. They spend billions of dollars a year to find it. Thousands of scholars around the world are looking for it. Americans, Russians, Chinese, Japanese, Europeans and even Poles are looking for it. The Large Hadron Collider at CERN and other accelerators around the world are looking for it. So far, not a single dark matter particle has been found. Thousands of publications have been written about dark matter. Despite the enormous costs incurred and continued, all efforts made to find dark matter particles were unsuccessful. The title of the book is "DARK MATTER? SUPER MASSIVE BLACK HOLES? MOND? and the curves of the rotation of galaxies" What is the relationship of dark matter with supermassive black holes and MOND? Well, that all of these concepts have a common lineage, namely the rotation curves of spiral galaxies. So let's ask ourselves the following questions: WHAT CAN DARK MATTER BE? 1. some unknown form of matter - WIMPs? (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles), Can the term dark matter mean: 2. Fictional matter, a mathematical trick, something like epicycles, equants and deferents in Ptolemy's geocentric theory to explain the retrograde motion of Mars and other outer planets of the solar system? Or maybe the dark matter problem is due to: 3. wrong assumption of the type of galaxy rotation curves? 4. wrong method of calculating the mass of galaxies? 5. Isaac Newton's erroneous law of universal gravitation ˗ MOND theories? (Modified Newtonian Dynamics, Modified Newtonian Dynamics) 6. Or maybe dark matter and dark energy do not exist? As suggested by Adam Riees, "So what is this essential thing? Do we have any tips? It depends who we ask about it. Adam Riees, a man whose radical, pathosic rhetoric ushered in the era of dark energy, suggests something food for thought. What if we don't know everything about how gravity works? Maybe dark matter and dark energy don't exist? Perhaps for the past four centuries we have been blind to the slight inaccuracies of Newton's law of attraction, which are perhaps the key to reclaiming the lost universe. "
Category: Astrophysics

Gravity and Speed of Light

Authors: Miloš Čojanović
Comments: 15 Pages.

One of the postulates of the Special Theory of Relativity is that the speed of light is constant in all inertial reference frames regardless of the motion of the observer or source. This postulate also apply to the General Theory of Relativity. There are many experiments whose results are consistent with the assumption that gravity does not affect the speed of light. But notwithstanding all this we may argue that it has not been formally proved. One way to prove its correctness is to replace it with the opposite axiom, axiom of variable speed of light. If there is at least one experiment whose result would possibly be in contradiction with this axiom, then it must be rejected and the axiom of a constant speed of light must be accepted.
Category: Astrophysics

Precession of the Equinoxes

Authors: Nainan K. Varghese
Comments: 3 Pages.

Wobbling, caused by slow continuous change in the orientation of earth’s apparent rotational axis, is called ‘precession of the equinoxes’. Rotation of earth is an apparent motion only with respect to its central axis. Deflection of earth’s apparent rotational axis is caused by shift in its center of gravity from its geometrical centre due to non-uniform distribution of its 3D matter-content rather than by precession due to its apparent spin motion. Deflections of earth’s apparent spin axis, caused by the northward shift of its center of gravity, during earth’s orbital path on either side of the Sun’s mean path are in opposite directions and hence the resultant magnitude of deflection depends on eccentricity of earth’s apparent elliptical orbit around the sun.
Category: Astrophysics

Data from 14,577 Cosmological Objects and 14 FRBs Confirm the Predictions of New Tired Light (NTL) and Lead to a New Model of the Igm

Authors: Lyndon Ashmore
Comments: 25 Pages. Presented to Vigier 12 conference - proceedings to be published by IOP conference series

Predictions by New Tired Light were tested using 14,577 objects from the NED-D compilation of redshift-independent distances. These objects give an electron number density of n_e=0.499 m^(-3 ) compared to the predicted one of n_e=0.5 m^(-3 ). In NTL the Hubble constant is given by H=(2n_e hr_e)⁄m_e and, using this value for n_e gives 62.5 km⁄s per Mpc which is very close to the accepted values. NTL predicts a linear relationship between distance and ln⁡(1+z) with gradient ((m_e c)⁄(2n_e ) hr_e=1.46x10^26 m ). Plotting all the 14,577 points gives a straight line with gradient 1.40x10^26 m – just 4% off the predicted value. Using distances from the compilation the redshift is calculated by NTL and a graph of predicted versus observed redshift is drawn. This has a gradient of 0.9756 close to the value ‘1.0’ expected in a 1:1 relationship between prediction and expected. Both graphs are linear up to redshifts of ‘9’ with no hint of relativistic effects. In NTL, there is a delay between an electron in the IGM absorbing and re-emitting a photon whereby the electron recoils leading to redshift. Data from FRB 121102 gives the time lag between two frequencies arriving and using the extra number of photon-electron interactions the made by the longer wavelength is found. This tells us the length of the delay at each interaction as ≈10^(-10) s. Using NTL and DM the redshift of the host galaxy was calculated and found to be z=0.143 compared to the measured value of z=0.19 – the difference lying well within the uncertainty in DM. In NTL, DM and redshift are produced by the electrons in the IGM and so there is a direct relation between them. 〖DM〗_IGM=((m_e c)⁄(2hr_e )){ln⁡(1+z) } or 〖DM〗_IGM=2470{ln⁡(1+z) }. Plotting data from 14 localised FRBs on a graph of DM versus {ln⁡(1+z) } does give a straight-line graph but a selection of eight from the fourteen are colinear with a gradient of 1244±147 pc 〖cm〗^(-3). We will continue to plot this graph as more and more FRBs are located as this is too small a sample considering the uncertainties involved. Often tired light models are discounted on the basis of an old model of the IGM as having a neutral plasma at high temperature and/or they are using Compton scatter. In NTL, recoil takes place along the line of sight so there is no blurring. Several mainstream papers show that every dust particle in the IGM is positively charged with an excess of protons due to photoionisation. This means an equal number of electrons have been released into the intervening space. On this basis the IGM is a ‘dirty plasma’ with the protons trapped on dust particles and a sea of electrons in the in-between. When a group of electrons come together in this way, they will arrange themselves onto a BCC lattice (Wigner-Seitz crystal). Calculations show that if we use dust density restricted by considerations of an expanding Universe there is not enough to give the n_e=0.5 m^(-3 )found by observation but would need a dust density of ρ_IGM≈3x10^(-25) kgm^(-3). A previous paper looked at the photoionisation of Hydrogen clouds surrounding a galaxy with the protons staying behind and forming dark matter whilst the electrons went off into the IGM to form on their crystal lattice held by mutual repulsion. The mass of dark matter surrounding the Milky Way galaxy is known and so, if this is all protons, we can find the number of protons there. An equal number of electrons will have been released into the IGM and dividing this by the average volume occupied by a galaxy gives us the n_e=1 m^(-3 )and agrees with observation.
Category: Astrophysics

Occams Razor: No Dark Matter in Galactic Halos

Authors: Holger Döring
Comments: 8 Pages.

Since several years there is the discussion about dark matter in the halos of galaxies. This is aconsequence of observation of halo-velocity curves in dependence of distance which don‘t fulfillthe third Kepler-law. Maybe the ansätze are wrong. Shown is a simple physical model in classicalNewton-dynamics which fits qualitative the form of observation curves. Additional Parameters canbe used to fit the curves quantitative exactly without the hypothesis of dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

Finding Regions of Correlated Polarization Directions of the 1450 Qso Radio Sources in the Jvas1450 Catalog

Authors: Richard Shurtleff
Comments: 10 page paper plus 31 page computer program Appendix; 15 figures

This article presents a way to survey catalogued data, here the JVAS1450 catalog of polarized radio QSOs that has been measured, collected, catalogued, and made available by others. The polarization directions are spread out haphazard over the Northern Equatorial hemisphere. We find five degree radius regions whose sources' polarization directions converge significantly at points on the Celestial Sphere or diverge significantly. Samples are collected for further study. The appendix consists of a computer software program that performs the needed calculations. The computer program can be adapted to other choices of region radii and to other sets of transverse vectors.
Category: Astrophysics

Theory of Everything: Energy Levels

Authors: Kantesh Lamani
Comments: 13 Pages.

Throughout time, Sir Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein and many other great minds have considered why an apple falls to the ground. We call this force gravity but what is gravity? But till date this is a big mystery that how gravity works that no one defined it properly. It is clear that fundamental building blocks of the universe is same throughout the universe, so there should be one law of the universe that governs all phenomena. For the first time James Clerk Maxwell unified electricity and magnetism, later on Albert Einstein attempt to describe all known fundamental forces in a single theoretical frame work. This theory not only defines gravity also describes how one law can perform all the phenomena of the universe, it is the key for the phenomenon’s of the universe.
Category: Astrophysics

Black Holes from First Principles

Authors: Brian Strom
Comments: 7 Pages. [Corrections made by viXra Admin to conform with scholarly norm - Please conform!]

Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity proposes the distortion of the fabric of space by objects, creating Potential Energy Wells. This theory leads to a number of conjectures on the nature and characteristics of Potential Energy Wells, including those which appear to emit no light (photons) - Black Holes. In this paper, the basic nature of Black Holes is analysed from first principles, using complementary analysis of Energy Fields and Potential Energy Wells. Alternative explanations are derived for the formation and characteristics of Black Holes, and for the phenomenon of Black Hole axial jets.
Category: Astrophysics

Analysing the Time Period of Vela Pulsar

Authors: Shreyan Goswami, Hershini Gadaria, Sreejita Das, Midhun Goutham, Kamlesh N. Pathak
Comments: 7 Pages.

In this project, we have implemented our basic understanding of Pulsar Astronomy to calculate the Time Period of Vela Pulsar. Our choice of pulsar rests on the fact that it is the brightest object in the high energy gamma ray sky. The simplistic data set consisting of only voltage signals makes our preliminary attempt as closely accurate as possible. The observations had been made at 326.5 MHz through a cylindrically paraboloid telescope at Ooty. A higher frequency creates a much lower delay in the arrival time of pulses and makes our calculations even more accurate. Being an already widely studied celestial body, it gives us the opportunity to compare our findings and make necessary modifications.
Category: Astrophysics