Astrophysics

Tidal Locking in Exoplanets (Old Stars)

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 2 Pages.

Tidal locking is when a star only shows one face to another larger (more than likely younger) star. A few ideas are shared to elaborate this in light of the General Theory of Stellar Metamorphosis.
Category: Astrophysics

Mars Immigration Theory

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 7 Pages.

The Giant-impact hypothesis supports Mars Immigration Theory Mars Immigration Theory Summary: -Mars original orbital distance was 84 mkm but Mars was immigrated from it to its current orbital distance 227.9 mkm -Through Mars Motion from the point 84 mkm to the point 227.9 mkm – Mars had collided with Venus (at first) and then collided also with Earth (at second) -From these collisions debris Earth Moon was created and Mars created its moons and the rest debris were attracted by Jupiter and created the asteroid belt Based on that -Mars was the planet which collided with Earth and Not Theia (Theia impact) as the Giant-Impact Hypothesis suggests The theory answers many questions to improve the Giant –impact hypothesis: (1st Question) Why Venus has no moon spite it had a similar collision? Because Mars was moving from the point (84 mkm) to the point (227.9 mkm) – So Mars pushed all debris to move with it in the same motion direction – Mars had created a wave to push all debris far from Venues toward Mars current orbital distance (227.9 mkm)- for that reason Venus Couldn't Create A Moon – but Earth has A Greater Mass and the Debris Lost Their Motion High Momentum at Earth – so Earth could created its moon from these debris (2nd Question) The Lunar Magma Ocean (LMO) Origin?! The Origin Of This Ocean Is Venus and by that – the mystery is solved easily – the moon rocks are consisted of 3 planets rocks which are Venus – Earth - Mars – and because of that the 3 planets rocks are seen among the moon rocks. (3rd Question) why The Iron Oxide (Feo) of the Moon= (13%)? The rate (13%) is a middle between Mars rate (18%) and the terrestrial mantle (8%) because the moon is created by all of them. Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
Category: Astrophysics

Mars-Einwanderungstheorie

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 8 Pages.

Abstrakt "Riesen-Impakts Hypothese" (Giant -Impact-Hypothesis) unterstützt die "Mars-Einwanderungstheorie Mars-Einwanderungstheorie Zusammenfassung: -Die ursprüngliche Entfernung der Marsumlaufbahn betrug 84 Millionen km, aber der Mars wurde von dort bis zu seiner gegenwärtigen Umlaufbahnlänge von 227.9 Millionen km eingewandert. -Durch den Mars Bewegung vom Punkt 84 mkm zum Punkt 227.9 mkm - Mars war zunächst mit der Venus und dann auch mit der Erde kollidiert -Aus diesen Kollisionen entstanden Trümmer des Erdmondes und die 2 Monde des Mars und die restlichen Trümmer wurden vom Jupiter angezogen und schufen den Asteroidengürtel. Auf der Grundlage dieser -Der Mars war der Planet, der mit der Erde kollidierte (nicht Theia wie die Riesen-Impakts Hypothese nahelegt) Mars-Einwanderungstheorie beantwortet viele Fragen zur Verbesserung der "Riesen- Impakts Hypothese" (1. Frage) Warum hat Venus keinen Mond, obwohl sie eine ähnliche Kollision hatte? Weil sich der Mars vom Punkt (84 mkm) zum Punkt (227,9 mkm) bewegte - also der Mars alle Trümmerteile in die gleiche Bewegungsrichtung schob - der Mars eine Welle erzeugt hatte, um alle Trümmer weit vom Ort der Kollision in Richtung der aktuellen Marsbahn (227.9 mkm) zu schieben - aus diesem Grund konnte die Venus keinen Mond erzeugen - aber die Erde hat eine größere Masse und die Trümmerteile verloren ihren Bewegungsimpuls auf der Erde - also konnte die Erde ihren Mond aus diesen Trümmern erzeugen (2. Frage) Der Ursprung des Lunar Magma Ocean (LMO)?! Der Ursprung dieses Ozeans ist die Venus, und dadurch - das Rätsel ist leicht zu lösen - besteht das Mondgestein aus 3 Planetengesteinen, die Venus - Erde - Mars sind, und deshalb sieht man die 3 Planetengesteine zwischen den Mondgesteinen. (3. Frage) warum das Eisenoxid (Feo) des Mondes= (13%)? Die Rate (13%) liegt in der Mitte zwischen der Marsrate (18%) und dem Erdmantel (8%), weil der Mond von allen erzeugt wird. Mr.Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
Category: Astrophysics

Black Holes Escape their Galaxies

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 22 Pages.

Varma and his fellow researchers have developed a new method using gravitational wave measurements to predict when a final black hole will remain in its host galaxy and when it will be ejected. [23] By the time an international group of scientists stunned the world with the first ever image of a black hole, they were already planning a sequel: a movie showing how massive clouds of gas are forever sucked into the void. [22] We now understand that massive stars and black holes typically segregate into a disk," said Ákos Szölgyén of Eötvös University, Hungary, who led the study that has been published in the journal Physical Review Letters. [21]
Category: Astrophysics

The Origin of Heavy Elements

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 44 Pages.

Specifically of interest are the physical processes responsible for producing heavy elements-like gold, platinum and uranium-that are thought to happen during neutron star mergers and explosive stellar events. [28] Leslie Rosenberg, a physicist with the University of Washington has published a paper in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, describing the current state of research that involves investigating the possibility that axions are what make up dark matter. [27] Physicists from MIT and elsewhere have performed the first run of a new experiment to detect axions-hypothetical particles that are predicted to be among the lightest particles in the universe. [26] If they exist, axions, among the candidates for dark matter particles, could interact with the matter comprising the universe, but at a much weaker extent than previously theorized. New, rigorous constraints on the properties of axions have been proposed by an international team of scientists. [25] The intensive, worldwide search for dark matter, the missing mass in the universe, has so far failed to find an abundance of dark, massive stars or scads of strange new weakly interacting particles, but a new candidate is slowly gaining followers and observational support. [24] "We invoke a different theory, the self-interacting dark matter model or SIDM, to show that dark matter self-interactions thermalize the inner halo, which ties ordinary dark matter and dark matter distributions together so that they behave like a collective unit." [23] Technology proposed 30 years ago to search for dark matter is finally seeing the light. [22] They're looking for dark matter-the stuff that theoretically makes up a quarter of our universe. [21]
Category: Astrophysics

Axiom Dark Matter Predictions

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

Du said. "However, we already have some interesting prototypes in place to get around this, such as experiments that use a multi-cavity array to search to axion dark matter." [26] If they exist, axions, among the candidates for dark matter particles, could interact with the matter comprising the universe, but at a much weaker extent than previously theorized. New, rigorous constraints on the properties of axions have been proposed by an international team of scientists. [25] The intensive, worldwide search for dark matter, the missing mass in the universe, has so far failed to find an abundance of dark, massive stars or scads of strange new weakly interacting particles, but a new candidate is slowly gaining followers and observational support. [24] "We invoke a different theory, the self-interacting dark matter model or SIDM, to show that dark matter self-interactions thermalize the inner halo, which ties ordinary dark matter and dark matter distributions together so that they behave like a collective unit." [23] Technology proposed 30 years ago to search for dark matter is finally seeing the light. [22] They're looking for dark matter-the stuff that theoretically makes up a quarter of our universe. [21] Results from its first run indicate that XENON1T is the most sensitive dark matter detector on Earth. [20] Scientists at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU) in Germany have now come up with a new theory on how dark matter may have been formed shortly after the origin of the universe. [19] Map of dark matter made from gravitational lensing measurements of 26 million galaxies in the Dark Energy Survey. [18]
Category: Astrophysics

ALMA from Supermassive Black Holes

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 22 Pages.

Astronomers obtained the first resolved image of disturbed gaseous clouds in a galaxy 11 billion light-years away by using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). [28] It is believed that the formation and growth of most galaxies across the history of the universe has been fueled by supermassive black holes growing together with their host galaxy as they collect matter to attain millions of solar masses. [27]
Category: Astrophysics

Unified Field Theory for Gravity and Electromagnetism and Its Explanation for Dark Matter Observations

Authors: Max Gaofei Yan
Comments: 19 Pages.

This paper defines the gravitational field as a medium with elastic properties, and the gravitational force occurs when matter creates a more concentrated region in the gravitational field. Further, this paper explains how electromagnetic waves are changing concentrations in this field. Hence, the gravitational field and electromagnetic field are the same, called the unified field. Based on this understanding of the unified field, there are attractive forces between electromagnetic waves as defined as: F=Y_1 (f_1 f_2)/r^2 There are also attractive forces between electromagnetic waves and matter possessing mass at rest. This force is defined as: F=Y_2 fm/r^2 Dark matter observations support this unified field theory.
Category: Astrophysics

Dark Matter Close to Home

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

A new study from the University of Michigan, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and University of California, Berkeley has ruled out dark matter being responsible for mysterious electromagnetic signals previously observed from nearby galaxies. [30] Astrophysicists from the University of Surrey and the University of Edinburgh have created a new method to measure the amount of dark matter at the centre of tiny "dwarf" galaxies. [29] A research team of multiple institutes, including the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan and University of Tokyo, released an unprecedentedly wide and sharp dark matter map based on the newly obtained imaging data by Hyper Suprime-Cam on the Subaru Telescope. [28]
Category: Astrophysics

Holographic Cosmological Model

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 69 Pages.

The expansion of the Universe is considered likely to be related to thermodynamics on its horizon, based on the holographic principle," explains the study's author, Kanazawa University's Nobuyoshi Komatsu. [39] In conventional holography a photographic film can record the interference pattern of monochromatic light scattered from the object to be imaged with a reference beam of un-scattered light. [38]
Category: Astrophysics

Tendency of Motion Generating Gravity

Authors: Mihai Grumazescu
Comments: 6 Pages.

The author’s opinion is that gravity originates from a peculiar quantum property of matter called tendency of motion. Continuous motion is an innate property of mass, as Brownian motion shows. Nucleons are thought to be self-propelled particles constantly changing direction due to gravitational information called G-information. Mach’s principle can be viewed as a form of entanglement of all masses in the Universe exchanging G-information. Further, in the Earth’s reference system, gravity disruptors such as surrounding celestial bodies, forces other than gravity imparting acceleration to test bodies and thermogravity are discussed. Objects on Earth are lighter during high tides, when horizontally accelerated and when their temperature increases.
Category: Astrophysics

Dark Matter Axion Hunting Results

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 41 Pages.

Researchers at the Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), within the Institute for Basic Science (IBS, South Korea), have reported the first results of their search of axions, elusive, ultra-lightweight particles that are considered dark matter candidates. [27] The team found signatures of axion particles composed of Weyl-type electrons (Weyl fermions) in the correlated Weyl semimetal (TaSe4)2I. [26] If they exist, axions, among the candidates for dark matter particles, could interact with the matter comprising the universe, but at a much weaker extent than previously theorized. New, rigorous constraints on the properties of axions have been proposed by an international team of scientists. [25] The intensive, worldwide search for dark matter, the missing mass in the universe, has so far failed to find an abundance of dark, massive stars or scads of strange new weakly interacting particles, but a new candidate is slowly gaining followers and observational support. [24] "We invoke a different theory, the self-interacting dark matter model or SIDM, to show that dark matter self-interactions thermalize the inner halo, which ties ordinary dark matter and dark matter distributions together so that they behave like a collective unit." [23] Technology proposed 30 years ago to search for dark matter is finally seeing the light. [22] They're looking for dark matter-the stuff that theoretically makes up a quarter of our universe. [21] Results from its first run indicate that XENON1T is the most sensitive dark matter detector on Earth. [20] Scientists at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU) in Germany have now come up with a new theory on how dark matter may have been formed shortly after the origin of the universe. [19]
Category: Astrophysics

Gravitons from Ferent wall Created the Universe; Gravitons from Black holes Destroy the Universe

Authors: Adrian Ferent
Comments: 510 Pages. © 2014 Adrian Ferent

“Gravitons from Ferent wall Created the Universe; Gravitons from Black holes Destroy the Universe” Adrian Ferent “The Universe began at Planck wall from Dark Matter” Adrian Ferent “6 years ago I was the first who went beyond the Planck wall and I discovered the Ferent wall and Dark Matter” Adrian Ferent “Gravitons from Ferent wall Created the Universe” Adrian Ferent “Gravitons from Black holes Destroy the Universe” Adrian Ferent “The Big Bang and Big Crunch oscillation, from Ferent wall not from Planck wall” Adrian Ferent
Category: Astrophysics

The Giant-Impact Hypothesis Supports "Mars Immigration Theory" (Iii)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 19 Pages.

The Giant-impact hypothesis suggests that, The Earth Moon is formed from the ejects of a collision between the proto-Earth and a Mars-sized planet…etc I suggest the following theory: -Mars itself had collided The Earth and not another planet. how that is happened? -Mars original orbital distance =84 mkm, and Mars had to move from it to its new orbital distance =227.9 mkm – i.e. - Mars had to move from 84 mk to 227.9 mk. -Through Mars motion – Mars had collided Venus (at first) and Earth (at Second) -Mars had moved pushing by a strong force from 84 mkm to 227.9 mkm and that caused the collisions debris (and ejects) to move with Mars in the same motion – -Venus has no Moon –because the debris had to move with Mars in the same motion, But because Earth Mass is greater than Venus & Mars and because the debris lost their high motion momentum, Earth could controlled some of these debris and created its moon by them – the rest debris still moved with Mars -Mars could attract its 2 small moons from these debris How to prove this story? By 3 following questions: (1st question) Was Mars Original Orbital Distance = 84 mkm really? how to prove? (2nd question) Is Mars Motion from (84 mkm) to (227.9 mkm) an unique motion? (3rd question) What are the results which prove this motion occurrence? These questions will be discussed– but let's summarize the (3rd question) Answer: Mars Immigration Results: 1- Mars Diameter Decreasing 2- The Asteroid Belt Creation. Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
Category: Astrophysics

Dark Matter Search with Gravitational Lensing and Gamma Rays

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 20 Pages.

A comparison of data from gravitational lensing and gamma-ray observations has revealed that regions of the sky with greater concentrations of matter emit more gamma rays. [19] According to a new study, they could also potentially detect dark matter, if dark matter is composed of a particular kind of particle called a "dark photon." [18] A global team of scientists, including two University of Mississippi physicists, has found that the same instruments used in the historic discovery of gravitational waves caused by colliding black holes could help unlock the secrets of dark matter, a mysterious and as-yet-unobserved component of the universe. [17] The lack of so-called "dark photons" in electron-positron collision data rules out scenarios in which these hypothetical particles explain the muon's magnetic moment. [16] By reproducing the complexity of the cosmos through unprecedented simulations, a new study highlights the importance of the possible behaviour of very high-energy photons. In their journey through intergalactic magnetic fields, such photons could be transformed into axions and thus avoid being absorbed. [15] Scientists have detected a mysterious X-ray signal that could be caused by dark matter streaming out of our Sun's core. Hidden photons are predicted in some extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, and unlike WIMPs they would interact electromagnetically with normal matter. In particle physics and astrophysics, weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs, are among the leading hypothetical particle physics candidates for dark matter. The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron-proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

Linshipxd: Our Future on the Moon and Beyond

Authors: Anhelina Kharchenko, Neel Adwani, Catherine Simpson, Subham Barik, Salome Urien
Comments: 14 Pages.

Locating and mining resources is vital for sustaining human life on the moon. Without oxygen, water, food and, materials, astronauts would not be able to stay in orbit for long periods of time. Successfully gaining these resources is vital for sustaining human presence on the Moon and exploration. Unless human beings go into space with the ability to independently manufacture infrastructure, robots etc., they won’t be self sufficient. They will rely on these items being launched into space from earth which is both expensive and damaging to the environment. Building safe and fit for purpose infrastructure is paramount for human life on the Moon. Infrastructure must be able to withstand environmental hazards and enable astronauts to undertake everything from daily menial tasks to complex science experiments. Finally, ensuring that all our proposed solutions are sustainable on both the earth and the moon is important to us. We want future generations to have the same access to resources or better than we have now.
Category: Astrophysics

The Giant-Impact Hypothesis Supports "Mars Immigration Theory" (Ii)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 11 Pages.

-Mars original orbital distance was 84 mkm from the sun and Mars had a force pushed it to change its original orbital distance to it’s a new one 227.9 mkm. -Means Mars had moved from (84 mkm) to (227.9 mkm) from the sun -Mars during its motion from the point (84 mkm) to (227.9mkm)– Mars had collided with Venus (at First) and then collided with Earth (at second) -These collisions caused some debris – and Mars had moved to complete its journey to its new orbital distance at point 227.9 mkm from the sun under the same force which caused its motion. -Because of Mars Motion Direction, the debris can't stay around Venus and that explains why Venus has no moon – but because Earth has a greater Mass than Mars and because the debris lost their high momentum of motion – Earth could attracted some of these debris and created the Earth Moon -This story is proved by Mars Motion Direction where this motion direction is the same direction of the solar system basic energy Motion which we have analyzed under the title "Jupiter Energy" -Now because Mars Motion and Jupiter Energy Motion, Both are in the same direction – for that reason both are truth -So the motion direction is from the point (84 mkm) to (227.9 mkm) to the sun- and that shows the direction of Motion. -Now the collisions debris moved with Mars in the same direction and Earth could use some debris to created its moon but the rest of debris are attracted by Jupiter itself by which Jupiter created some of Jupiter rings or Asteroid belt Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
Category: Astrophysics

Giant-Impact Hypothesis Supports "Mars Immigration Theory"

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 6 Pages.

The Giant- impact hypothesis supports my theory of "Mars Immigration" Shortly -Mars Orbital Distance was 84 mkm, and because of an earthquake in the solar system Mars had immigrated from it to its new orbital distance 227.9 mkm And during this motion -Mars had collided With Venus At First And Then With Earth At End -Mars passed after the collision and didn't adhered with the Earth -instead – Mars collisions caused some debris to be thrown only -The main point here is that – Mars motion direction was from the Point 84 mkm to the point 227.9 mkm – Mars in this motion was impacted by a great force that means all Mars collisions occurred during this motion caused its debris to be thrown In The Same Motion Direction and because of that the debris followed Mars to its new orbital distance but because Earth Mass is Greater than Mars the debris moved around Earth creating the Earth Moon. Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
Category: Astrophysics

Massive Galaxies and Dark Matter

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 22 Pages.

The results open a new window for exploring how massive galaxies form and evolve over cosmic time. [22] Today, an international group of researchers, including Carnegie Mellon University's Rachel Mandelbaum, released the deepest wide field map of the three-dimensional distribution of matter in the universe ever made and increased the precision of constraints for dark energy with the Hyper Suprime-Cam survey (HSC). [21] Scientists are hoping to understand one of the most enduring mysteries in cosmology by simulating its effect on the clustering of galaxies. [20] The U.S. Department of Energy has approved nearly $1 million in funding for the research team, which has been tasked with leveraging large-scale computer simulations and developing new statistical methods to help us better understand these fundamental forces. [19] According to a new study, they could also potentially detect dark matter, if dark matter is composed of a particular kind of particle called a "dark photon." [18] A global team of scientists, including two University of Mississippi physicists, has found that the same instruments used in the historic discovery of gravitational waves caused by colliding black holes could help unlock the secrets of dark matter, a mysterious and as-yet-unobserved component of the universe. [17] The lack of so-called "dark photons" in electron-positron collision data rules out scenarios in which these hypothetical particles explain the muon's magnetic moment. [16] By reproducing the complexity of the cosmos through unprecedented simulations, a new study highlights the importance of the possible behaviour of very high-energy photons. In their journey through intergalactic magnetic fields, such photons could be transformed into axions and thus avoid being absorbed. [15] Scientists have detected a mysterious X-ray signal that could be caused by dark matter streaming out of our Sun's core. Hidden photons are predicted in some extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, and unlike WIMPs they would interact electromagnetically with normal matter. In particle physics and astrophysics, weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs, are among the leading hypothetical particle physics candidates for dark matter. The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron-proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

Jupiter Effect On Pluto Motion

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 18 Pages.

Paper Basic Question Why do we analyze Jupiter Data and effect on different Planets? Because I try to prove that, -The planets motions are light motions but we see them motions in planets motions form -It's a light beam which causes the planets to move in front of us in the sky -There's no gravity from the sun, there's no Big Bang theory – No more imaginations -It's A Light Beam Motion Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
Category: Astrophysics

Quasar Tsunamis Preventing Stars Forming

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 24 Pages.

Using the unique capabilities of NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, a team of astronomers led by Virginia Tech's Nahum Arav has discovered the most energetic outflows ever witnessed in the universe. [23] The results open a new window for exploring how massive galaxies form and evolve over cosmic time. [22] Today, an international group of researchers, including Carnegie Mellon University's Rachel Mandelbaum, released the deepest wide field map of the three-dimensional distribution of matter in the universe ever made and increased the precision of constraints for dark energy with the Hyper Suprime-Cam survey (HSC). [21] Scientists are hoping to understand one of the most enduring mysteries in cosmology by simulating its effect on the clustering of galaxies. [20] The U.S. Department of Energy has approved nearly $1 million in funding for the research team, which has been tasked with leveraging large-scale computer simulations and developing new statistical methods to help us better understand these fundamental forces. [19] According to a new study, they could also potentially detect dark matter, if dark matter is composed of a particular kind of particle called a "dark photon." [18] A global team of scientists, including two University of Mississippi physicists, has found that the same instruments used in the historic discovery of gravitational waves caused by colliding black holes could help unlock the secrets of dark matter, a mysterious and as-yet-unobserved component of the universe. [17] The lack of so-called "dark photons" in electron-positron collision data rules out scenarios in which these hypothetical particles explain the muon's magnetic moment. [16] By reproducing the complexity of the cosmos through unprecedented simulations, a new study highlights the importance of the possible behaviour of very high-energy photons. In their journey through intergalactic magnetic fields, such photons could be transformed into axions and thus avoid being absorbed. [15] Scientists have detected a mysterious X-ray signal that could be caused by dark matter streaming out of our Sun's core. Hidden photons are predicted in some extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, and unlike WIMPs they would interact electromagnetically with normal matter. In particle physics and astrophysics, weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs, are among the leading hypothetical particle physics candidates for dark matter. The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron-proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

Telescope Capture Celestial Objects

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

The enhanced telescope design holds the potential to obtain extremely high-resolution images of objects outside our solar system, such as planets, pulsars, globular clusters and distant galaxies. [35] With teamwork and interferometry, we can now study one of the most mysterious and extreme objects in the universe. [34] In a study published online in Nature Methods, Prof. Compact quantum devices could be incorporated into laptops and mobile phones, thanks in part to small devices called quantum optical micro-combs. [31] Taking their name from an intricate Japanese basket pattern, kagome magnets are thought to have electronic properties that could be valuable for future quantum devices and applications. [30] A team of Cambridge researchers have found a way to control the sea of nuclei in semiconductor quantum dots so they can operate as a quantum memory device. [29] Researchers successfully integrated the systems-donor atoms and quantum dots. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25]
Category: Astrophysics

Jupiter And Venus Motions Interaction

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 25 Pages.

The Paper Argument 1-The 3 inner Planets (Mercury – Venus & Earth) were created by Jupiter effect 2-Mars Is Exceptional In Its Creation 3-Jupiter orbital circumference is created based on the inner planets orbital circumferences (i.e. there's a mutual effect between Jupiter and the inner planets) 4-The inner planets & Jupiter can't define the sun position in the sky relative to their orbital circumferences 5-Jupiter and the inner planets depend on Saturn to define the sun position relative to their orbital circumferences (Through Mars Effect) 6-Saturn depends on Uranus to define the sun position in the sky 7-Uranus Is The First Planet Created Relative To The Sun 8-The Basic Connection Between Jupiter And The Inner Planets depends On Venus, Where Jupiter Venus Relationship shows an effect on the sun creation. Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
Category: Astrophysics

Iron Rain on Exoplanet

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 73 Pages.

It could be raining molten iron on some exoplanets, according to David Ehrenreich at the University of Geneva and an international team of astronomers. [38] The terahertz range has been barely exploited compared to the rest of the electromagnetic spectrum. [37] A new terahertz imaging technique could help slow the spread of these infestations by detecting insect damage inside wood before it becomes visible on the outside. [36]
Category: Astrophysics

Infant Universe and Origin of Matter

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 59 Pages.

A new study, conducted to better understand the origin of the universe, has provided insight into some of the most enduring questions in fundamental physics: How can the Standard Model of particle physics be extended to explain the cosmological excess of matter over antimatter? [35] The universe consists of a massive imbalance between matter and antimatter. [34] Our universe could be the mirror image of an antimatter universe extending backwards in time before the Big Bang. [33] "As you celebrate New Year's Day, cast an eye upward and think for a moment about the amazing things our country and our species can do when we set our minds to it," Stern wrote in the New York Times on Monday. [32] Our senses are stuck in the past. There's a flash of lightning, and then seconds pass until we hear the rumble of distant thunder. We hear the past. [31] ESA's technical centre in the Netherlands has begun running a pulsar-based clock. The "PulChron' system measures the passing of time using millisecond-frequency radio pulses from multiple fast-spinning neutron stars. [30] VR is an almost perfect avenue for this approach, since it has been surging in popularity as both entertainment and an educational tool. [29] Using MAGIC telescopes and NASA's Fermi spacecraft, an international team of astronomers has discovered a new source of very high energy gamma-ray emission around the supernova remnant (SNR) G24.7+0.6. [28] In 1973, Russian physicist A.B. Migdal predicted the phenomenon of pion condensation above a critical, extremely high-several times higher than that for normal matter-nuclear density. [27] Our first glimpses into the physics that exist near the center of a black hole are being made possible using "loop quantum gravity"-a theory that uses quantum mechanics to extend gravitational physics beyond Einstein's theory of general relativity. [26] In the shadowy regions of black holes two fundamental theories describing our world collide. Can these problems be resolved and do black holes really exist? First, we may have to see one and scientists are trying to do just this. [25]
Category: Astrophysics

Navigating Terahertz Gap

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 72 Pages.

The terahertz range has been barely exploited compared to the rest of the electromagnetic spectrum. [37] A new terahertz imaging technique could help slow the spread of these infestations by detecting insect damage inside wood before it becomes visible on the outside. [36] A research team led by Osaka University showed how multiple overlapping laser beams are better at accelerating electrons to incredibly fast speeds, as compared with a single laser. [35]
Category: Astrophysics

Neutron Stars and Symmetry Violation

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 26 Pages.

New results from precision particle detectors at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) offer a fresh glimpse of the particle interactions that take place in the cores of neutron stars and give nuclear physicists a new way to search for violations of fundamental symmetries in the universe. [14] So the cores of neutron stars could be much simpler than people thought. That's a huge surprise." [13] A spallation neutron source has been used by physicists in Japan to search for possible violations of the inverse square law of gravity. [12] Physicists have proposed a way to test quantum gravity that, in principle, could be performed by a laser-based, table-top experiment using currently available technology. [11] Now however, a new type of materials, the so-called Weyl semimetals, similar to 3-D graphene, allow us to put the symmetry destructing quantum anomaly to work in everyday phenomena, such as the creation of electric current. [10] Physicist Professor Chunnong Zhao and his recent PhD students Haixing Miao and Yiqiu Ma are members of an international team that has created a particularly exciting new design for gravitational wave detectors. [9] A proposal for a gravitational-wave detector made of two space-based atomic clocks has been unveiled by physicists in the US. [8] The gravitational waves were detected by both of the twin Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors, located in Livingston, Louisiana, and Hanford, Washington, USA. [7] A team of researchers with the University of Lisbon has created simulations that indicate that the gravitational waves detected by researchers with the LIGO project, and which are believed to have come about due to two black holes colliding, could just have easily come from another object such as a gravaster (objects which are believed to have their insides made of dark energy) or even a wormhole. In their paper published in Physical Review Letters, the team describes the simulations they created, what was seen and what they are hoping to find in the future. [6] In a landmark discovery for physics and astronomy, international scientists said Thursday they have glimpsed the first direct evidence of gravitational waves, or ripples in space-time, which Albert Einstein predicted a century ago. [5] Scientists at the National Institute for Space Research in Brazil say an undiscovered type of matter could be found in neutron stars (illustration shown). Here matter is so dense that it could be 'squashed' into strange matter. This would create an entire 'strange star'-unlike anything we have seen. [4] The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the electromagnetic inertia, the changing relativistic mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions.
Category: Astrophysics

Are Gamma-ray Bursts Caused by Multiverses?

Authors: Richard L. Marker
Comments: 3 Pages.

Multiverses may provide the causal mechanism for gamma-ray bursts(GRBs). Assume that differing clock rates prevent interaction between universes in a multiverse. Gravitational time dilation in one universe may allow a temporarily connection to a slower universe. The formation and breaking of such a connection would produce neutrino emissions, gamma-ray emissions, and after-glow. This view derives from looking for a candidate that could connect universes; rather, than looking for an explanation of GRBs. email: rlmarker@spaceandmatter.org
Category: Astrophysics

How To Discover The Solar System?

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 8 Pages.

In this paper we compare between the physics current theories which try to explain the solar system motions and the planets real data – this is a known process in physics Example No. 1 Lorentz Length Contraction Phenomenon tells that- a particle with length L0 will be contracted to L1 when this particle travels with high velocity motion. ¬¬¬ So the question is – Why the particle length is contracted with high velocity motion? Some physics books tell that, this contraction is just illusion of measurements! That means, Lorentz Transformations measure illusions and not facts! We refused that, But if the particle own length contracted by high velocity motion –that will make the particle properties as a function of its motion – means –Particle mass is created by this particle motion Newton told us a planet moves basically by masses gravity with the sun - so what's first and what's the second? what's the reason and what's the result The mass causes the motion (Newton) or the motion defines the mass (Lorentz)? Similar to this argument we will discuss how to discover the solar system. Paper Objective The paper tries to show that Jupiter Data can't be explained by the solar system current theories. Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
Category: Astrophysics

ULTIMA THULE – Probability of Gravitational (vs. Electromagnetic?) Formation

Authors: Raymond H Gallucci
Comments: 12 Pages.

. The shape and rotational speed of the “contact binary,” double-lobed, planetesimal Ultima Thule (renamed as 486958 Arrokoth) deep in the Kuiper Belt render a gravitational explanation for its formation, as espoused by mainstream astrophysics, while plausible, still unlikely. A probabilistic analysis of possible relative speeds between these objects prior to merger strongly suggests that gravitational forces would not have fused them together. Discussed is the Electric Universe Theory that electromagnetic forces, rather than gravitational ones, best explain Ultima Thule’s formation, with gravity only now possibly playing a role in maintaining its structure.
Category: Astrophysics

Cosmos Paths

Authors: Timoteo Briet Blanes
Comments: 63 Pages.

cosmos paths numeric model
Category: Astrophysics

Jupiter Effect On The Inner Planets (VI)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 12 Pages.

This paper tries to answer the questions: -Why Jupiter orbital circumference = The Inner Planets Orbital Circumferences Total + Saturn Orbital Distance? -Why Mercury Day needs 5040 seconds to be =176 solar days? -Why Mercury Pluto Distance = 5848.2 mkm? Paper Conclusions -There's a light beam its velocity =1.16 mkm/sec in the solar system -Jupiter Data Shows The Solar System Energy Distribution Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
Category: Astrophysics

СТРУКТУРА ПРОСТРАНСТВА, Space Structure

Authors: Mikhail Chesnakov
Comments: 21 Pages. Other instructions for the administrator can be added below. These will not be published.

Классическая физика полна парадоксов и нерешенных проблем. Показано, что в ряде случаев интерпретация результатов удачной практической формализации некоторых явлений оказалась ошибочной, в результате в классической физике утвердились ложные физические образы объектов с не существующими у них свойствами. Последующий анализ таких физических образов с помощью физической интуиции, соответственно, приводил к парадоксу. В гипотезе использованы альтернативные физические образы объектов, удовлетворяющие тем же математическим уравнениям. Конкретно, на основе физического образа структурных составляющих материи (названных в гипотезе интервалами пространства) построен образ Пространства, который можно исследовать с помощью физической интуиции и логики, получить достоверные ответы на вопросы о его фундаментальных свойствах. Исследования привели к выводу, что существует внутриядерное Пространство и привычное макро Пространство, существенно отличающиеся друг от друга. Благодаря особым свойствам внутриядерного Пространства создались условия для образования гораздо более сложных объектов, чем Электрон (Позитрон), Фотон, и Нейтрино. Гипотетическое макро Пространство обладает всеми фундаментальными свойствами, имеется единственная поправка - принцип относительности выполняется приближенно. Однако, благодаря малости сил притяжения в реальных процессах нарушение этого принципа практически не заметно. Сделаны замечания в отношении ряда объектов и явлений глобального Пространства (темная материя, красное смещение, момент зарождения Вселенной, черные дыры, собственное время). В гипотезе предложен один из возможных вариантов структуры Пространства. Поскольку скорость взаимодействия между узлами больше скорости света, но не бесконечная, и происходит в бесструктурной мнимой части комплексного Пространства, то становятся еще более актуальными все теоретические исследования в области ОТО, вопрос о гравитационных волнах по-прежнему открыт. Abstract: Classical physics features plenty of paradoxes and unsolved problems. It is proved that sometimes the interpretation of results of a successful practical formalization of some phenomena has turned out to be a mistake. Therefore, false physical images of objects with nonexistent properties have been established in classical physics. Further analysis of such physical representations with the help of physical intuition has resulted in paradox, accordingly. The hypothesis involves alternative physical images of objects that comply with the same mathematical equations. based on images in particular, based on the physical image of the structural components of matter(called space intervals in the hypothesis) built an image of Space, that you can explore, using physical intuition and logic, get reliable answers to questions about its fundamental properties. Studies have led to the conclusion there is intranuclear Space and is macro Space, which are significantly different from each other. The specific properties of the intranuclear space made it possible to create conditions for the formation of more complex objects than the electron (positron), photon and neutrino. The hypothetical Macro Space has all fundamental properties with one amendment only the Principle of relativity is approximately fulfilled. However, due to small values of attractive forces in real processes, the violation of this principle is practically unnoticeable. Comments are made regarding a number of objects and phenomena of global Space (dark matter, redshift, the moment of the origin of the Universe, black holes, proper time).
Category: Astrophysics

Magnetic White Dwarfs and Gravitomagnetism

Authors: Jacob Biemond
Comments: 15 Pages, including 5 tables

The origin of stellar magnetic fields is still uncertain. For decades a fossil field mechanism has been postulated for white dwarfs, based on magnetic flux conservation of Ap or Bp stars. Later on, dynamo action in the common envelope of binary systems has been proposed as an origin of magnetic fields in white dwarfs. Recently, dynamo action in the convective region of isolated white dwarfs has been considered as an explanation.

In this work a gravitational origin for the magnetic fields of rotating massive bodies is reinvestigated. This approach has led to the so-called Wilson-Blackett law that predicts a dipolar magnetic field for all rotating electrically neutral bodies. A short review of the history of this law is given. The validity of the Wilson-Blackett formula for white dwarfs will be examined in this work.

Results are given for ten isolated white dwarfs, eleven AM Herculis systems, one DQ Herculis system and two double-white-dwarf binaries. In most cases only approximate agreement with the predictions of the Wilson- Blackett formula is found. Contributions from electromagnetic origin may be responsible for the deviations. The results for white dwarfs are compared with corresponding classes of pulsars.

Mystery of Dark Matter

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 19 Pages.

Scientists have identified a sub-atomic particle that could have formed the "dark matter" in the Universe during the Big Bang. [20] Physicists at the University of California, Davis are taking the temperature of dark matter, the mysterious substance that makes up about a quarter of our universe. [19] According to a new study, they could also potentially detect dark matter, if dark matter is composed of a particular kind of particle called a "dark photon." [18] A global team of scientists, including two University of Mississippi physicists, has found that the same instruments used in the historic discovery of gravitational waves caused by colliding black holes could help unlock the secrets of dark matter, a mysterious and as-yet-unobserved component of the universe. [17] The lack of so-called "dark photons" in electron-positron collision data rules out scenarios in which these hypothetical particles explain the muon's magnetic moment. [16] By reproducing the complexity of the cosmos through unprecedented simulations, a new study highlights the importance of the possible behaviour of very high-energy photons. In their journey through intergalactic magnetic fields, such photons could be transformed into axions and thus avoid being absorbed. [15] Scientists have detected a mysterious X-ray signal that could be caused by dark matter streaming out of our Sun's core. Hidden photons are predicted in some extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, and unlike WIMPs they would interact electromagnetically with normal matter. In particle physics and astrophysics, weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs, are among the leading hypothetical particle physics candidates for dark matter. The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron-proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

Space Structure, Study of Space Properties with the Help of Hypothetic Imaginary Particles of “SPACE INTERVALS”

Authors: Mikhail Chesnakov
Comments: 19 Pages. in Russian

Classical physics features plenty of paradoxes and unsolved problems. It is proved that sometimes the interpretation of results of a successful practical formalization of some phenomena has turned out to be a mistake; therefore, false physical representations of objects with nonexistent properties have been established in classical physics. Further analysis of such physical representations with the help of physical intuition has resulted in paradox, accordingly. The hypothesis involves alternative physical representations of objects that comply with the same mathematical equations. In particular, a physical representation of structural components of the matter (in this hypothesis referred to as space intervals) is used as the basis for forming the Space representation, which may be analyzed with the help of physical intuition and logic and allows to find valid answers to the problems related to its fundamental properties. The study proves that there is the Intranuclear Space along with familiar Macro Space, which drastically differ from each other. Specific properties of the Intranuclear Space have allowed to create conditions for forming more complicated objects that the Electron (Positron), Photon, and Neutrino. The hypothetic Macro Space has all fundamental properties with one amendment only – the principle of relativity is approximately fulfilled. However, due to small values of attractive forces in real processes, the violation of this principle is practically unnoticeable. The study contains some notes related to a number of objects and phenomena of the Global Space (dark matter, Einstein shift, the moment of the Universe's birth, black holes, proper time). This hypothesis offers one of possible variants of the Space structure. As the velocity of interstitial interaction is higher than the velocity of light while being not an infinite value, along this the fact that it passes in the structureless imaginary part of the complex Space, any theoretical studies in the field of General Theory of Relativity are becoming more urgent while the issue related to gravitational waves is still open. Keywords: Continuum, Universe expansion; closure, infinity and homogeneity of Space; principle of relativity, directivity of Time; Photon, particle Mass, space intervals.
Category: Astrophysics

Jupiter Effect On The Inner Planets (V)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 8 Pages.

We still analyze Jupiter Data - the paper tries to answer the following questions: 1.Why the three inner planets distances to Jupiter = their orbital circumferences but not accurately (with error 1%)? Specifically a.Venus Jupiter Distance 673 mkm = Venus orbital circumference 680 mkm b.Earth Jupiter Distance 930 mkm = Earth orbital circumference 940 mkm (In this cases Earth and Jupiter should be at 2 different sides from the sun so 778.6 mkm +149.6 mkm = 930 mkm) c.Mercury moves during its day period (175.94 solar days) a distance = 720.7 mkm= Mercury Jupiter distance 2.Do these 3 planets define their orbital circumferences depend on their distances to Jupiter? If yes, How? 3.Can Jupiter with the inner planets (including Mars) consist one system move together as a train carriages? Paper Conclusions I-There's A Light Velocity =1.16 mkm/Sec II-Jupiter effects On The Inner Planets Periods Of Time Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
Category: Astrophysics

Jupiter Effect On The Inner Planets (IV)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 20 Pages.

1.There's a velocity =1.16 mkm /sec 2.Jupiter proves that "The Solar System Is One Machine" 3.The solar system is one machine of gears and each planet is a gear in this same machine. 4.Jupiter & the three inner planets are created depending on each other 5.Mars is created depending on Jupiter & Saturn cooperation
Category: Astrophysics