| viXra.org > Thermodynamics and Energy > 2311 |
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| viXra.org > Thermodynamics and Energy > 2311 |
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[2] viXra:2311.0076 [pdf] submitted on 2023-11-14 12:47:45
Authors: Kuo Tso Chen
Comments: 19 pages, in English
In the quest to find various energy solutions, concentration difference batteries have been widely studied, but concentration differences and potential differences caused by gravity have rarely been studied. The initial purpose of this research is to investigate whether centrifugal force or gravity can be used to generate potential differences to create new and useful energy devices. The Nernst equation infers that changes in chemical potential in different gases vary with changing height. Additionally, different metal solids can exhibit different chemical potential changes under Earth’s gravity. The resistance of metal is very low, and because the energy output is inversely proportional to the resistance, voltage differences in metals could be significant, which may provide a large energy output. Therefore, an experiment was designed using aluminum and lead connected in series with a cumulative height difference of 176 m, and the potential difference caused by gravity was measured. It is conjectured that the vibrational energy from hot electrons can be converted into electrical energy at a constant temperature, surpassing the limitations of Carnot’s theorem. Thus, if an experiment works in a gravity field, then it should also work in a centrifugal force field. In a centrifugal force field, when the rotation speed is doubled, the output energy is increased by 16 times. Therefore, if centrifugal forces can be used to convert thermal energy into electrical energy in an economically efficient way, it may be a new energy conversion method that is suitable for different occasions, which may address energy dilemmas.
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy
[1] viXra:2311.0045 [pdf] submitted on 2023-11-08 21:30:22
Authors: Friedrich Sösemann
Comments: 16 Pages. In English and German
Order, structure, informative states, changes more frequently to disorder, less informative states than vice versa, because information and probability are inverse. However, this does not apply objectively or in general, but is caused by subjective weighting and lack of environment informationAll this is demonstrated by the attempt to prove the second law of thermodynamics based on probability and information theory.
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy
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