Classical Physics

The Constant of Gravitation Hidden in the Maxwell Equation System

Authors: Huang Shan
Comments: 6 Pages.

The constant of universal gravitation may be hidden in Maxwell's equations, so how to find the constant of universal gravitation from Maxwell's equations may require a little skill and coincidence.
Category: Classical Physics

Maxwell's Fallacy

Authors: Rajeev Kumar
Comments: 3 Pages.

In this paper the inconsistency in the Maxwell's electromagnetic theory has been presented.
Category: Classical Physics

Explorando la Relatividad Especial (Exploring the Special Relativity)

Authors: Carlos Alejandro Chiappini
Comments: 5 Pages. Contact: carloschiappini@gmail.com

Puede un cambio de variable alterar la información contenida en una teoría ? En caso de respuesta afirmativa, es erónea la última parte de este documento. Rn caso de respuesta negativa, está implícito en la Relatividad Especial un valor de velocidad preciso, determinado unívocamente por la teoría. Ese valor es 0.74872022894058(...) C . ¿ Qué consecuencias epistemológicas tendría un valor específico de velocidad determinado por la estructura de la teoría ? La Relativdad Especial se basa en postulados propios. Deberían ser revisados en caso de ser inaceptable una velocidad específica distinta de C implícita en el esquema.

Can a variable change alter a theory? In case of affirmative answer, the final part of this document is wrong. In case of negative answer, is implied in the Special Relativity an accurate velocity value, equal to 0.7487202289405(...) C , uniquelly determined by the theory.} What epistemological consequences would a specific speed value determined by the structure of the theory have? Special Relativity is based on its own postulates. They should be reviewed if a specific velocity value, unequal to C, implicit in the schema is unacceptable.
Category: Classical Physics

Einstein and Pound-Rebka in the Photocoupler

Authors: Dieter Grosch, Wolfgang Sturm
Comments: 5 Pages.

Loudspeaker as gravitational field generator and photocoupler as sensor to verify Einstein's theory and Pound-Rebka's experiment at emulable gravitations up to 30g and drop towers up to 4000 kilometers high.
Category: Classical Physics

Differential Coating Objective

Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 7 Pages. Conference paper SPIE 1527/1991 pp. 126-133

The paper outlines a novel concept on the construction of high resolution objectives. Although similar to binary optics technology, this approach brings additional degrees of freedom to the optical design as far as achieving a finer balance of phase curvature via both refractive properties and relative thickness of the multilayer stack. The differential coating objective can be used in conjunction with diffractive surfaces to optimize the transmission efficiency and control the secondary spectrum correction. The basic equations describing the monochromatic and three-color achromat predesign are presented
Category: Classical Physics

Real-Time Holographic Microscope with Nonlinear Optics

Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 10 Pages. Conference paper SPIE 1527/1991 pp. 199-209

The paper reveals the schematic of a real time holographic microscope featuring a phase conjugate mirror for retroreflection and a scanning module. The instrument is provided with Epi-and Dia- bright field capabilities, video/photo output and optional optoelectronic processing. An analysis of the real time restoration process in comparison with conventional holography is presented. The paper reviews the merits and drawbacks of the setup and concludes with a brief discussion on 2D scanning options.
Category: Classical Physics

Cone Array of Fourier Lenses for Contouring Applications

Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 5 Pages. Conference paper SPIE 1527/1991 pp. 210-215

The paper investigates an application of Fourier transform lenses to surface topography detection. The field is illuminated in parallel using an array of three different wavelength laser diodes and relative phase alteration is read out between cross-correlated electronic pixels. Diffraction theory of image formation is used to interpret the modulation in contrast. Speckle sensitivity to wavelength provides the basic technique for noise filtering.
Category: Classical Physics

The Third Version of Maxwell's Equations

Authors: Huang Shan
Comments: 4 Pages.

Many people have done the expansion of Maxwell's equations. Could it be because it was done wrong that it led to no progress? The extension of Maxwell's equations in this paper may help to discover something new.
Category: Classical Physics

Exact Raytracing Formulae for Parabolic Axial GRIN Lenses

Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 10 Pages. Conference paper SPIE 3778/1999 pp. 1 -10

A novel raytracing method through parabolic axial gradient index lenses is presented. The study is based on developing the exact solution of the differential ray equations with initial conditions set by refraction at the first surface. The analysis offers potential benefits in reducing the computation effort and increasing the raytracing accuracy.
Category: Classical Physics

Differential Equations and Their Application in Physics

Authors: Khoi Anh Hoang
Comments: 19 Pages. In German (Corrections are made by viXra Admin to comply with the requirement of viXra.org)

In this paper a modellation of the free fall with air resistance is derived and it deals with the topic of differential equations. This type of equations helps to find the searched function. First a differential equation is derived and then solved. Then the theoretical solution is compared to experimental data. In the experiment, three objects were dropped and in one case, the drag coefficient can be calculated by theoretical considerations of a sphere.
Category: Classical Physics

A Mechanical Capacitor

Authors: Marc Schofield
Comments: 7 Pages.

I would like to propose research into using a clockwork mainspring as resistance on a sideways orientated differential gear, the resulting device being mechanical capacitor.
Category: Classical Physics

Optical Simulations of Skin Diagnosis with Account of Multiple Surface Scattering Events

Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 2 Pages. Conference paper SPIE 3749/1999 pp. 627-628

To frilly exploit current optical methods of skin diagnosis, it is desirable to understand the physics underlying photon migration in epithelial tissue'3. A number of approaches have been developed to meet this challenge. Most simulations are based upon the radiative transport theory which describes the sequential transfer of diflutse light through the stack of skin layers5. These models are computationally intensive and typically rely upon the following assumptions: I ) volume scattering of photons inside the collagen fiber layer is predominant, 2) photons undergo Fresnel reflections on each boundary, 3) scattering can be modeled along each path using prescribed phase functions such as Henyey-Greenstein or Mie5'6 .Our work simulates photon migration in skin from a different standpoint: using a commercially available optics code, we randomly trace a large number of photons and assign generic absorption and scattering properties to all boundaries, including the ones separating sublayers of collagen fibers. As a result, single and multiple surface scattering events are accounted for. Absorbing inhomogeneities may be included as light obstructions and fluorophores as secondary sources, respectively. This preliminary work is targeted for clinical applications involving skin imaging and spectroscopy.
Category: Classical Physics

A Different Look at Gravity

Authors: Miroslaw Wilczak
Comments: 3 Pages.

This paper presents a new formula for the gravitational force – formula (1). It is based on the following reaction of an Electron Antineutrino with a Proton: ̃ve + p+ → n + e+ and is only the principal component of the possible gravitational forces that may exist in the Universe. I assume that all interactions that are weak and do not belong to these four types of known interactions and decrease with the square of the distance, can also be considered as gravitational interactions. Gravity is a product of the so-called weak interactions, if one interprets this reaction and the formula for the gravitational force associated with it correctly. The new formula uses the numerical values measured by Cowan and Reines in an experiment conducted by these two physicists with electron antineutrinos to determine the probability of this above reaction occurring. In the new formula, there is a constant value for the energy density of relic electron antineutrinos which, however, only to a limited extent guarantees the stability of the gravitational forces, since there are neutrino sources in the Universe and even in our immediate surroundings, such as the Sun or even nuclear reactors. The gravitational field is not a fictitious property of space, but is directly related to the transfer of momentum and energy of neutrinos to particles of matter. I assume that the mathematical formulas used in this work are understandable to anyone with some interest in mathematics and physics.
Category: Classical Physics

A Different Look at the Power of the Sun

Authors: Miroslaw Wilczak
Comments: 4 Pages.

Many philosophers believe that our world can only be described accurately using mathematical equations. Mathematical equations allow a strictly defined interpretation that can serve as a reflection, or picture, of reality in the Universe, and it is supposed that this is the only possible and allowed view of our world. However, it is possible to find mathematical equations that allow the calculation of certain numerical values related to our physical world, not found, however, in physics or astrophysics books. These equations presumably allow for a new different interpretation of the reality of our Universe. But what should we think about it, if a single property, e.g. the gravitational force, could be calculated using different mathematical equations? Here a mathematical formula is presented from which it is possible to calculate the energy density of solar radiation on the surface of the Sun and thus the total power of the Sun and this without using the Solar Constant. There is as yet no theoretical model describing any physical phenomena from which this formula would follow. One possible conclusion from this formula is that physical constants like the Proton mass or the Gravitational Constant are not constants in the Universe and are not even constants in the Milky Way galaxy in which the Sun is located. I assume that the mathematical formulae presented here are understandable to most people interested in physics. At the same time it is one of the following three works "A Different Look at the Power of the Sun, "A Different Look at the Hydrogen Atom" and "A Different Look at Gravity" allowing to explain, with the help of simple mathematical equations of classical physics, the reality in our Universe more simply and comprehensibly, assuming that new models of physical phenomena will arise, from which the mathematical solutions presented here result.
Category: Classical Physics

A Different Look at the Hydrogen Atom

Authors: Miroslaw Wilczak
Comments: 3 Pages.

Connections between the four known types of interactions are being sought in order to unify them and to describe all the interactions using only a single one of them or using a completely new type of interaction. This paper presents a possible simple solution to the problem for the gravitational force and the electromagnetic force only. A simple interpretation of this solution assumes that our Universe is moving at the speed of light. This requires a model of the entire Universe, which would have to be infinitely large and therefore would have to contain an infinite number of universes like ours. This can also be used to build a new model of two kinds of forces, by combining gravity with motion at the speed of light and transforming it into an electromagnetic force, as if these two kinds of interactions depended only on an observer in a certain reference system. This is the second work of three that belong to my physics trilogy. I assume that the mathematical formulas used here are understandable to most people interested in physics, while the other two works, on new formulas for solar energy production and gravitational force, require a little more knowledge of mathematics and physics.
Category: Classical Physics